Economic Growth and Agro-environmental Fragility——Based on the Provincial Panel Data Analysis

The agro-environmental fragility of 31 provinces and regions (except Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan) of our country during the years 1978-2004 is measured by adopting the method of principal component analysis.With the support of analytical model of panel data,regressive analysis is achieved from the aspects of introducing regional differences,not introducing regional differences,existing industrial differences and not existing industrial differences respectively.The conclusion points out that there are both industrial and regional differences in the economic growth effect on the environmental fragility;these differences are reflected on the industrial or regional development levels.The higher the development level it is,the less the effect it is when the economic growth effect on the environmental fragility is negative,the more when the effect is positive,and it will change from being negative to positive when on the critical point;and vice versa.

Comprehensive Study,Design and Economic Feasibility Analysis of Solar PV Powered Water Pumping System

The energy efficient product can be operated with longer duration.They offer wonderful solutions compared to other conventional water pumping system as it needs less maintenance,simple in installation,zero fuel cost,longer operating life,highly reliable and free from production of greenhouse gases.In this paper we analyzed the different topologies of DC–DC converter in terms of their operating region of MPPT,quality of input and output currents.We discussed the MPPT algorithms to address partial shading effects in SPV array,present state of the technology,factors affecting the performance of the system,efficiency improvements and identified the research gaps.Also,the economic feasibility analysis has been done for the real time scenario using the Homer Pro software.The estimation of total dynamic head and horse power calculation has been done to decide the total load capacity.The economic analysis results such as cumulative cash flow over project lifetime of 25 years are presented.It is observed that the capital investment requirement is$7,425 for installing Fronius PV system that has a nominal capacity of 2.47 kW and annualized savings will be$134.93.In the long-term perspective,the return on investment is−2.18%as per the present tariff plan.

Power Generation with Vegetable Oils in the Italian Scenario: A 20 MW Case Study. Technical Feasibility Analysis and Economical Aspects

Nowadays the utilization of vegetable oils, particularly the palm oil, as fuel in the power plant, has made a significant development in the last few years. This vegetable oil can be used in particular in slow marine-derived diesel internal combustion engine (ICE), with an electric efficiency of about 40%. The efficiency is connected to the size of the power plant. Moreover, the considerable amount of the required vegetable oil to feed the system forces, especially in Italy, makes it necessary to import the fuel. This is the most critical element as the palm oil is subject to continuous variations in prices. Due to this variation it is difficult to stabilize a convenient fuel supply for a long period. The paper aims to evaluate and estimate the economic, technical and environmental feasibility of a 20 MW plant for the stationary power generation fed with palm oil, enlightening the system solution (technical constructive aspects) and the economic appraisal, on the basis of variations in oil prices. A comparison with a cogenerative power plant has been also carried out and, at last, the economic sensibility analysis based on the fuel cost and the European mechanisms of biomass incentives is performed.

Analysis on the Environmental Factors of Sustainable Economic Development

1. China’s environmental problems 1) Serious water pollution. Water is most indispensable to people’s life. Contaminated water will seriously affect people’s normal life and cause environmental degradation, putting people in the danger of catching various diseases. Therefore, everyone should save water and make full use of it. However, in China, water pollution is getting worse. China has abun-

The application of environmental economics in marine functional zoning and coastal city conceptual planning

There are a lot of functions of marine resources. The various and competing conflicts between different users and different sectors in the use of marine resources will cause the disorderly development of marine resources, and even destroy the marine ecosystem. Marine functional zoning is an effective tool to solve the conflicts. However, there are some shortcomings in the current understanding on marine functional zoning and its practice. In this paper, a case study on the resource-oriented marine functional zoning of Xiangshan Port is introduced. By the principles of resource-oriented and public participation, Xiangshan Port is divided into seven zones, and the main function of the whole port and seven zones are determined by the environmental economics analysis. A case study of Xiamen is also introduced for how to integrate marine functional zoning into a coastal city conceptual planning. Under the conservation principle, resources-oriented principle and so on, the advantages and disadvantages of natural ecosystem, social ecosystem and economic ecosystem are holistically analyzed, the urban orientation of Xiamen is determined as a regional international tourism city, and the whole city is divided into five function zones according to its leading industry -tourism. Resource-oriented marine functional zoning has a long-term guidance for sustainable use of marine resources and development strategy of a coastal city. And environmental economics analysis is an effective tool for resource-orientation.

Comparative Cost Benefit Analysis of Different Solid Waste Management Scenarios in Basrah, Iraq

Solid Waste Management (SWM) system in Basrah has deteriorated recently to the point that only limited waste collection is undertaken in certain urban areas and disposal is largely to uncontrolled dump sites. In this study, the technical, economical, and environmental aspects of three SWM scenarios were investigated aiming to compare the scenarios and select the most appropriate one for implementation. Scenario 1 was to consider waste disposal into a sanitary landfill. Scenario 2 added waste transportation to transfer station before disposal to a sanitary landfill. Scenario 3 considered waste sorting, recycling and composting followed by landfill disposal in an integrated treatment disposal facility. The current open dumping practice was considered as the baseline scenario. According to economic analysis, the benefits from the revenues of selling the produced recyclables and compost did not improve the ranking of scenario 3. However, scenario 3 has gained positive recognition due to the environmental benefits of waste recycling. Therefore, final recommendations were in favour of scenario 3, which has been approved by the UNICEF, as well. Currently the recommended scenario is under implementation in Basrah, Iraq.

Socio-economic development of countries based on the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI)

World experience indicates the existence of significant imbalances in the development of countries.The problem of assessing the rational development of the regional and national economy is becoming urgent,since such assessments can prevent development imbalances across countries.The aim of this study is to elaborate a methodology to assess the countries’socio-economic development by integraring 12 modern indices of socio-economic development into the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI).The methodology of this research was based on a set of key indices that described socio-economic development level in four fields(social development,digital development,economic development,and environmental security)and then these indices were integrated into the CCDI.The study further applied factor analysis and R-Studio software to define the gaps of social and economic development in 59 selected countries using the trigonometric function of the angle sine.The correlation analysis confirmed the existence of a close interrelation among the studied countries.This paper noted that due to the emergence of new priorities,it is necessary to revise the assessment methodology of socio-economic development level and expand them to cover the decisive factors.This was confirmed by the results obtained,demonstrating various combinations of the development level in the four fields and their impact on the CCDI.The scientific contribution of this research is to form a methodology(e.g.,the CCDI)for evaluating the socio-economic development level of countries in the world.

论美丽中国建设背景下我国环境经济学学科的发展方向

环境经济学是一门研究经济发展与环境保护之间相互关系的经济学分支学科.在全面建设美丽中国的时代背景下,环境经济学学科的发展面临新的机遇与挑战.本文分析了在美丽中国建设背景下中国环境经济学科的主要发展方向.首先,简述了环境经济学学科的诞生背景与发展的历史脉络,梳理了中国环境经济学学科的发展进程;其次,总结了环境经济学学科主要的研究领域,归纳了环境经济政策设计与评估、费用-效益分析、环境价值评估与气候变化经济学四个领域的核心研究内容;然后,阐述了环境经济学学科从哪些角度可以回应美丽中国建设中的重要任务;最后,论述了中国环境经济学学科可以从环境政策与制度、绿色金融、污染与健康、生态产品价值评估与实现、气候应对与国际合作等多个角度做出创新,助力美丽中国建设.

Economic Benefits and Environmental Costs of China＇s Exports： A Comparison with the USA Based on Network Analysis

This＇ paper decomposes economic benefits （value-added） and environmental costs （CO2） of exports according to their sources, and maps the global value network （GVN） and the global emissions network （GEN） for China＇s exports during 1995-2009 from national, sectoral and national sectoral perspectives. A comparison is conducted between China and the USA. National GVN and GEN show that shares of value-added and CO2 emissions from China in its GVN and GEN both decreased first then increased after 2006, while shares from the USA in its GVN and GEN generally decreased. Seetoral GVN and GEN show that among China＇s exports, ＂electrical and optical equipment＂ and ＂electricity, gas and water supply＂ were, respectively, the sectors that obtained the most value-added and emitted the most CO2. National-sectoral G VN and GEN for China exhibited reciprocal and disassortative patterns, and in-strengths and out-strengths of GVN and GEN for China ＇s exports were mainly captured by several domestic country-sector pairs.

基于EKC理论下碳排放与经济增长的二者关系研究——浙江省与安徽省的对比分析

碳排放与经济增长二者关系协调对积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和具有重大意义。论文以浙江与安徽为对比案例,从环境库兹涅茨曲线理论出发,基于脱钩模型和因素分解法,分析1997—2020年省域碳排放与经济增长的EKC曲线、脱钩态势及驱动因素。研究表明,浙江、安徽两省碳排放与经济增长EKC不符合传统倒“U”型曲线,均经历两次拐点,浙江为“N”型EKC,拐点年约为2007年和2014年,对应人均经济总量为36766元和73388元,安徽省为微弱的倒“N”型EKC曲线,拐点年约为1998年和2013年,对应人均经济总量为4452元和32733元;浙江碳排放脱钩由扩张负脱钩向强脱钩与弱脱钩方向转变,安徽以弱脱钩状态为主;能源结构与强度效应对浙江省的碳排放脱钩促进作用明显,而经济增长与能源结构效应对安徽省碳排放脱钩起负向作用。

灌入式复合路面的经济和环境效益综合评价研究

灌入式复合路面作为一种新型路面养护技术,其经济与环境效益尚不明确。本研究基于实际工程,采用生命周期评价和生命周期成本分析,量化评估了灌入式复合路面的经济成本和环境影响,并与传统铣刨重铺进行了比较。采用热图可视化方法进一步探究了路面使用寿命对评价结果的影响,明确了其实现经济和环境优势所要达到的使用寿命要求。结果表明,灌入式复合路面相比铣刨重铺在材料生产和施工阶段的能耗、碳排放和综合造价分别高5.16%、58.10%和136%。考虑路面使用寿命后,灌入式复合路面只要能比铣刨重铺多服役一年以上,就具有能耗优势。若其使用寿命能进一步达到铣刨重铺的1.58倍以上,就能实现减碳作用。经济效益方面,由于灌入式复合路面的初期投入成本较高,仅当其使用寿命远高于铣刨重铺时,如灌入式复合路面服役14年,铣刨重铺仅服役5年,才能具有经济优势。

火山石作为经济可靠的低温储热材料的可行性分析

设计并制备了成本较低、性能较好的新型热化学储能材料,并探究了其在建筑中应用的可行性。以云南省地区易开采的火山石作为骨架基质,提出了2种制备方案。通过火山石与MgCl_(2)和CaCl_(2)的结合,分别制备出了基于天然大孔的石-MgCl_(2)、石-CaCl_(2)和粉末酸洗并重新压制的块-MgCl_(2)、块-CaCl_(2),并对所制备的材料进行了表征、同步热分析(DSC)测量、经济性分析和可行性分析。结果表明:火山石的主要孔隙结构为大孔(孔径>100 nm),很容易被水合盐填充;石-CaCl_(2)、石-MgCl_(2)、块-CaCl_(2)和块-MgCl_(2)的热化学储能密度分别为641 kJ/kg、983 kJ/kg、440 kJ/kg和733 kJ/kg;石-CaCl_(2)、石-MgCl_(2)的储能密度成本低至0.010 7元/kJ和0.017 4元/kJ,相比于已有研究材料,所制备的材料在经济角度具备明显优势;与可再生能源结合后,所制备的材料具备明显的污染物减排潜力,且也适合供热需求大的北方地区。

基于SEEA的绿色GDP核算相关性及预测分析

[目的]探索环境变量与经济的相互影响关系,研究绿色GDP(GGDP)和GDP的趋势关系并预测未来趋势变化,分析GGDP替代GDP作为政策指标的可行性,为推进区域可持续发展提供科学指导。[方法]基于联合国综合环境与经济核算体系(system of integrated environmental and economic accounting,SEEA),采用相关性分析方法,根据经济结构、发展水平和政策制度的不同选取了6个具有代表性国家的环境因素,与GDP进行了相关性分析,并使用一元线性回归方程对各国的GDP与GGDP进行拟合分析;利用ARIMA,Holt-Winters和灰度GM(1,1)模型对GGDP和GDP数据进行预测分析。通过模型误差对比分析最优预测结果。[结果]在经济发展的前期,GDP与GGDP、环境呈现负相关。随着可持续发展的经济结构完善,负相关逐步趋于缓和,最终实现回暖,呈现U形趋势。预测分析结果得出ARIMA模型最适合预测GDP,Holt-Winters模型最适合预测GGDP,且两者均呈现增长趋势,但GGDP增速不及GDP增速。[结论]结合中国实际情况,建议中国经济核算指标从GDP转向GGDP,且应加大环境经济投入,有助于实现经济、社会和环境的可持续发展,建设资源节约型和环境友好型的可持续发展社会。

某炼油项目环境影响经济评价研究

炼油行业是国家支柱产业之一,在实践中对炼油建设项目进行环境影响评价已经达到相当水平,但仍需与经济评价进一步有效结合。文章对某炼油项目采用费用-效益法,建立对炼油建设项目经济评价的指标体系,并应用炼油建设项目环境影响经济评价方法对各个指标进行计算。结果表明,环保投资不只是单纯地增加项目费用,从整个社会层面上计算是有收益的。

天然气管道掺氢经济性可行性分析

从能量计量、体积计量以及碳税等方面,对天然气管道掺氢进行经济可行性分析。以能量计量时,氢气成本需为天然气成本的28.6%~37.5%;以体积计量时,上游氢气生产成本需低于天然气。当下游用气费用不变,每掺1%氢气,中游售价需下降0.63%~0.72%;当中游利润不变,掺氢比为5%~20%时,氢气成本应低于天然气成本与0.62~0.63倍天然气利润之和;当两者均不变,氢气价格需低于天然气成本价格的37.1%~38.1%。考虑碳税为50~500元/t时,每掺1 m^(3)氢气,价格应再降低0.029~0.300元/m^(3)。

Effect of regional ecological carrying capacity on economic transformation

Combined with the actual situation of the western region city of Zunyi, the three subsystems including social, economic and natural environment evaluation index systems of ECC have been built based on the theory of ecological carrying capacity(ECC). In addition, the factor analysis method has been used and the influence factors on the ECC in the economic transition have been gained. The results show that factors of ECC in the three subsystems have different influence: 1) the natural subsystem, which contains factors on the ECC, has obvious limitation, and it has the greatest influence on industrial waste discharge per capita; 2) the social subsystem has a restriction on the ECC, which affects the traffic environment mostly; 3) the economic subsystem has a certain restriction on ECC, which has a large effect on the consumption level per capita.

Power plant selection in a carbon constrained world the TERA(technoeconomic environmental risk analysis)

There is an increasing concern that current trends of consumption of natural resources cannot continue.It is imperative that major targeted investments are made into economical and reliable environment friendly propulsion and power solutions.Many novel and promising concepts are being proposed.The selection of the best candidates to pursue for investment becomes a very difficult choice.A detailed TERA(techno-economic environmental risk analysis) framework is described here to quantify risks and to compare and rank competing schemes on a formal and consistent basis.This technique is based on detailed and rigorous thermodynamic representations of power plants.A layer of environment,economic,weather and other models to describe the appropriate local conditions is superimposed to this.The outcome is a techno-economic environmental risk analysis framework with appropriate detail of each power plant as applied to the appropriate conditions.The results for each concept can then be compared and contrasted to make appropriate selections.

家庭厨余垃圾管理模式环境经济效益评估研究进展

近年来,随着垃圾分类工作的持续推进,对家庭厨余垃圾进行分类投放和处理将成为我国城市生活垃圾管理的一大趋势。城市管理者在对家庭厨余垃圾管理模式进行决策时,有必要开展环境经济效益综合评估,在控制环境污染的前提下最大化降低经济成本。文章从研究目标、评估方法、数据来源等方面系统分析国内外的研究成果,指出家庭厨余垃圾管理领域常用的环境经济效益综合评估方法主要有基于费用效益分析的社会生命周期成本分析法、基于生态效率法的环境成本效率法、基于多准则决策分析的多目标评价法等3种。但研究者需要在污染物货币化系数、环境成本效率计算方法、共生产品分配问题和折现问题等方面开展深入研究,注意积累形成适用于家庭厨余垃圾特征的清单数据库。在对比家庭厨余垃圾管理模式时,要特别注意包含与处理技术相匹配的源头分类、收集运输以及产物利用处置等环节。

生物质气化耦合固体氧化物燃料电池的冷热电联供系统的性能分析

为提高联供系统的一次能源利用率和降低CO_(2)排放,大力发展清洁高效能源转换技术,该文提出一种基于生物质气化耦合固态燃料电池的冷热电联供系统。建立热力学模型,给出设计工况下系统的运行及结构参数,选取系统关键运行参数对系统的热力学性能、经济及环境性能进行分析和评价。结果表明,在设计工况下,系统发电效率和㶲效率分别为55.53%、51.84%;CO_(2)排放率和一次能源节约率分别达到0.4944kg/(kW×h)和42.7%;在研究的参数范围内,提高生物质流量会增加系统输出但同时降低了系统性能;降低空气当量比和增加蒸汽生物质比系统经济和环境效益会变好;水碳比的变化对燃料电池输出电压有负面影响但对联供系统影响不大,燃料利用率的增加对系统综合性能有积极影响,联供系统性能受气化参数和燃料电池运行参数影响明显。