Economic Growth and Agro-environmental Fragility——Based on the Provincial Panel Data Analysis

The agro-environmental fragility of 31 provinces and regions (except Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan) of our country during the years 1978-2004 is measured by adopting the method of principal component analysis.With the support of analytical model of panel data,regressive analysis is achieved from the aspects of introducing regional differences,not introducing regional differences,existing industrial differences and not existing industrial differences respectively.The conclusion points out that there are both industrial and regional differences in the economic growth effect on the environmental fragility;these differences are reflected on the industrial or regional development levels.The higher the development level it is,the less the effect it is when the economic growth effect on the environmental fragility is negative,the more when the effect is positive,and it will change from being negative to positive when on the critical point;and vice versa.

Comprehensive Study,Design and Economic Feasibility Analysis of Solar PV Powered Water Pumping System

The energy efficient product can be operated with longer duration.They offer wonderful solutions compared to other conventional water pumping system as it needs less maintenance,simple in installation,zero fuel cost,longer operating life,highly reliable and free from production of greenhouse gases.In this paper we analyzed the different topologies of DC–DC converter in terms of their operating region of MPPT,quality of input and output currents.We discussed the MPPT algorithms to address partial shading effects in SPV array,present state of the technology,factors affecting the performance of the system,efficiency improvements and identified the research gaps.Also,the economic feasibility analysis has been done for the real time scenario using the Homer Pro software.The estimation of total dynamic head and horse power calculation has been done to decide the total load capacity.The economic analysis results such as cumulative cash flow over project lifetime of 25 years are presented.It is observed that the capital investment requirement is$7,425 for installing Fronius PV system that has a nominal capacity of 2.47 kW and annualized savings will be$134.93.In the long-term perspective,the return on investment is−2.18%as per the present tariff plan.

Relation between Economic Development Level and Resource and Environment Carrying Capacity of Central Area of Yunnan Province Based on Decoupling Analysis

Based on the decoupiing theory and method, an indicator system was built for the relation between economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity. And the study was carried out on decoupling degree and temporal changes of economic development level and resource and environment carrying ca- pacity in the central area of Yunnan Province. Results indicated that （i） the economic development level and resource and environment carrying capacity in the central area of Yunnan Province mainly experienced strong decoupling, weak decoupling, and ex- pansive negative coupling, and in general it was strong decoupling, and it took on re- verse ＂N＂ in temporal changes. （ii） Change rate of economic development level in the central area of Yunnan Province was greater than zero, but the amplitude of change was not large, while the change rate of resource and environment carrying capacity was negative in 2007-2008, and it was positive in the rest years; from 2007, it took on gradual expansion trend, and scissors difference gradually increased after experi- encing reverse ＂V＂ change. （iii） The strong decoupling was the main situation and it reached the peak value in T5 period and T6 pedod.

Power Generation with Vegetable Oils in the Italian Scenario: A 20 MW Case Study. Technical Feasibility Analysis and Economical Aspects

Nowadays the utilization of vegetable oils, particularly the palm oil, as fuel in the power plant, has made a significant development in the last few years. This vegetable oil can be used in particular in slow marine-derived diesel internal combustion engine (ICE), with an electric efficiency of about 40%. The efficiency is connected to the size of the power plant. Moreover, the considerable amount of the required vegetable oil to feed the system forces, especially in Italy, makes it necessary to import the fuel. This is the most critical element as the palm oil is subject to continuous variations in prices. Due to this variation it is difficult to stabilize a convenient fuel supply for a long period. The paper aims to evaluate and estimate the economic, technical and environmental feasibility of a 20 MW plant for the stationary power generation fed with palm oil, enlightening the system solution (technical constructive aspects) and the economic appraisal, on the basis of variations in oil prices. A comparison with a cogenerative power plant has been also carried out and, at last, the economic sensibility analysis based on the fuel cost and the European mechanisms of biomass incentives is performed.

Analysis on the Environmental Factors of Sustainable Economic Development

1. China’s environmental problems 1) Serious water pollution. Water is most indispensable to people’s life. Contaminated water will seriously affect people’s normal life and cause environmental degradation, putting people in the danger of catching various diseases. Therefore, everyone should save water and make full use of it. However, in China, water pollution is getting worse. China has abun-

The application of environmental economics in marine functional zoning and coastal city conceptual planning

There are a lot of functions of marine resources. The various and competing conflicts between different users and different sectors in the use of marine resources will cause the disorderly development of marine resources, and even destroy the marine ecosystem. Marine functional zoning is an effective tool to solve the conflicts. However, there are some shortcomings in the current understanding on marine functional zoning and its practice. In this paper, a case study on the resource-oriented marine functional zoning of Xiangshan Port is introduced. By the principles of resource-oriented and public participation, Xiangshan Port is divided into seven zones, and the main function of the whole port and seven zones are determined by the environmental economics analysis. A case study of Xiamen is also introduced for how to integrate marine functional zoning into a coastal city conceptual planning. Under the conservation principle, resources-oriented principle and so on, the advantages and disadvantages of natural ecosystem, social ecosystem and economic ecosystem are holistically analyzed, the urban orientation of Xiamen is determined as a regional international tourism city, and the whole city is divided into five function zones according to its leading industry -tourism. Resource-oriented marine functional zoning has a long-term guidance for sustainable use of marine resources and development strategy of a coastal city. And environmental economics analysis is an effective tool for resource-orientation.

Allocation of Inter-Industry Environmental Responsibilities Based on Economic Benefits： Principles and Indicators

Rational inter-industry allocation of environmental responsibilities has great significance to instituting effective policies on industrial environment and transforming the pattern of economic development. From the perspective of economic benefit and industrial linkage, this paper discusses the issue of inter-industry allocation of environmental responsibilities. Based on input-output model and three responsibility principles （producer responsibility, consumer responsibility and shared responsibility）, this paper develops seven industrial environmental responsibility indicators and conducts an empirical analysis on the S02 emission responsibilities at China＇s industry level. Results indicate that all these indicators can avoid the double calculation of environmental responsibilities and results using different indicators have significant differences. Some industries such as power, heat production and supply may have little difference of the relative ranking of environmental responsibility under different indicators, but the magnitude of specific assumed responsibilities may have significant changes. Environmental responsibilities of some other industries （such as construction） may seem not important under certain indicators but can be among the most significant under some other indicators. More importantly, despite close connections between these indicators, they reflect different mechanisms of environmental responsibility allocation and have totally different policy significance.

Identification of Heterogeneity of Social and Economic Environment of Land Uses in China

The robust principal component analysis （RPCA） is a technique of multivariate statistics to assess the social and economic environment quality. This paper aims to explore a RPCA algorithm to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of social and economic environment of land uses （SEELU）. RPCA supplies one of the most efficient methods to derive the most important components or factors affecting the regional difference of the social and economic environment. According to the spatial distributions of the levels of SEELU,the total land resources of China were divided into eight zones numbered by Ⅰ to Ⅷ which spatially referred to the eight levels of SEELU.

Comparative Cost Benefit Analysis of Different Solid Waste Management Scenarios in Basrah, Iraq

Solid Waste Management (SWM) system in Basrah has deteriorated recently to the point that only limited waste collection is undertaken in certain urban areas and disposal is largely to uncontrolled dump sites. In this study, the technical, economical, and environmental aspects of three SWM scenarios were investigated aiming to compare the scenarios and select the most appropriate one for implementation. Scenario 1 was to consider waste disposal into a sanitary landfill. Scenario 2 added waste transportation to transfer station before disposal to a sanitary landfill. Scenario 3 considered waste sorting, recycling and composting followed by landfill disposal in an integrated treatment disposal facility. The current open dumping practice was considered as the baseline scenario. According to economic analysis, the benefits from the revenues of selling the produced recyclables and compost did not improve the ranking of scenario 3. However, scenario 3 has gained positive recognition due to the environmental benefits of waste recycling. Therefore, final recommendations were in favour of scenario 3, which has been approved by the UNICEF, as well. Currently the recommended scenario is under implementation in Basrah, Iraq.

Economic Benefits and Environmental Costs of China＇s Exports： A Comparison with the USA Based on Network Analysis

This＇ paper decomposes economic benefits （value-added） and environmental costs （CO2） of exports according to their sources, and maps the global value network （GVN） and the global emissions network （GEN） for China＇s exports during 1995-2009 from national, sectoral and national sectoral perspectives. A comparison is conducted between China and the USA. National GVN and GEN show that shares of value-added and CO2 emissions from China in its GVN and GEN both decreased first then increased after 2006, while shares from the USA in its GVN and GEN generally decreased. Seetoral GVN and GEN show that among China＇s exports, ＂electrical and optical equipment＂ and ＂electricity, gas and water supply＂ were, respectively, the sectors that obtained the most value-added and emitted the most CO2. National-sectoral G VN and GEN for China exhibited reciprocal and disassortative patterns, and in-strengths and out-strengths of GVN and GEN for China ＇s exports were mainly captured by several domestic country-sector pairs.

Effect of regional ecological carrying capacity on economic transformation

Combined with the actual situation of the western region city of Zunyi, the three subsystems including social, economic and natural environment evaluation index systems of ECC have been built based on the theory of ecological carrying capacity(ECC). In addition, the factor analysis method has been used and the influence factors on the ECC in the economic transition have been gained. The results show that factors of ECC in the three subsystems have different influence: 1) the natural subsystem, which contains factors on the ECC, has obvious limitation, and it has the greatest influence on industrial waste discharge per capita; 2) the social subsystem has a restriction on the ECC, which affects the traffic environment mostly; 3) the economic subsystem has a certain restriction on ECC, which has a large effect on the consumption level per capita.

Socio-economic development of countries based on the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI)

World experience indicates the existence of significant imbalances in the development of countries.The problem of assessing the rational development of the regional and national economy is becoming urgent,since such assessments can prevent development imbalances across countries.The aim of this study is to elaborate a methodology to assess the countries’socio-economic development by integraring 12 modern indices of socio-economic development into the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI).The methodology of this research was based on a set of key indices that described socio-economic development level in four fields(social development,digital development,economic development,and environmental security)and then these indices were integrated into the CCDI.The study further applied factor analysis and R-Studio software to define the gaps of social and economic development in 59 selected countries using the trigonometric function of the angle sine.The correlation analysis confirmed the existence of a close interrelation among the studied countries.This paper noted that due to the emergence of new priorities,it is necessary to revise the assessment methodology of socio-economic development level and expand them to cover the decisive factors.This was confirmed by the results obtained,demonstrating various combinations of the development level in the four fields and their impact on the CCDI.The scientific contribution of this research is to form a methodology(e.g.,the CCDI)for evaluating the socio-economic development level of countries in the world.

Power plant selection in a carbon constrained world the TERA(technoeconomic environmental risk analysis)

There is an increasing concern that current trends of consumption of natural resources cannot continue.It is imperative that major targeted investments are made into economical and reliable environment friendly propulsion and power solutions.Many novel and promising concepts are being proposed.The selection of the best candidates to pursue for investment becomes a very difficult choice.A detailed TERA(techno-economic environmental risk analysis) framework is described here to quantify risks and to compare and rank competing schemes on a formal and consistent basis.This technique is based on detailed and rigorous thermodynamic representations of power plants.A layer of environment,economic,weather and other models to describe the appropriate local conditions is superimposed to this.The outcome is a techno-economic environmental risk analysis framework with appropriate detail of each power plant as applied to the appropriate conditions.The results for each concept can then be compared and contrasted to make appropriate selections.

论美丽中国建设背景下我国环境经济学学科的发展方向

环境经济学是一门研究经济发展与环境保护之间相互关系的经济学分支学科.在全面建设美丽中国的时代背景下,环境经济学学科的发展面临新的机遇与挑战.本文分析了在美丽中国建设背景下中国环境经济学科的主要发展方向.首先,简述了环境经济学学科的诞生背景与发展的历史脉络,梳理了中国环境经济学学科的发展进程;其次,总结了环境经济学学科主要的研究领域,归纳了环境经济政策设计与评估、费用-效益分析、环境价值评估与气候变化经济学四个领域的核心研究内容;然后,阐述了环境经济学学科从哪些角度可以回应美丽中国建设中的重要任务;最后,论述了中国环境经济学学科可以从环境政策与制度、绿色金融、污染与健康、生态产品价值评估与实现、气候应对与国际合作等多个角度做出创新,助力美丽中国建设.

中卫市退砂土地农作物复垦的可行性分析研究

本研究旨在分析宁夏中卫市沙坡头区退砂地的土壤质量提升及农作物种植适宜性。通过连续3年的田间试验,收集并分析了8种宁夏地区广泛栽培的耐旱作物对土壤理化性质的影响及其经济效益。分析了退砂耕地适生农作物对当地土壤质量的影响及经济效益。结果表明,朝天椒和红葱在退砂地上表现出较高的产量和产值,且投入产出比大,是退砂地优先选择的作物。此外,玉米和小杂粮等作物轮作种植也显示出改良土壤结构和提高肥力的潜力。本研究为退砂地的科学利用提供了理论依据和实践指导,有助于推动中卫市经济社会可持续发展。

基于EKC理论下碳排放与经济增长的二者关系研究——浙江省与安徽省的对比分析

碳排放与经济增长二者关系协调对积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和具有重大意义。论文以浙江与安徽为对比案例,从环境库兹涅茨曲线理论出发,基于脱钩模型和因素分解法,分析1997—2020年省域碳排放与经济增长的EKC曲线、脱钩态势及驱动因素。研究表明,浙江、安徽两省碳排放与经济增长EKC不符合传统倒“U”型曲线,均经历两次拐点,浙江为“N”型EKC,拐点年约为2007年和2014年,对应人均经济总量为36766元和73388元,安徽省为微弱的倒“N”型EKC曲线,拐点年约为1998年和2013年,对应人均经济总量为4452元和32733元;浙江碳排放脱钩由扩张负脱钩向强脱钩与弱脱钩方向转变,安徽以弱脱钩状态为主;能源结构与强度效应对浙江省的碳排放脱钩促进作用明显,而经济增长与能源结构效应对安徽省碳排放脱钩起负向作用。

基于经济-环境-政策系统视角的江西省工业园区绿色发展策略

工业园区是国家及地区经济发展的关键载体,其绿色发展是实现工业高质量发展的“压舱石”。针对部分区域工业园区绿色发展现状不明、环境管理模式粗放等问题,本研究聚焦绿色发展本质内涵,以绿色发展指数切入,从经济—环境—政策系统视角综合分析江西工业园区绿色发展现状。研究发现:①江西省工业园区主导产业呈现鲜明地域性特点,基于词频—逆文本频率(TF-IDF)分析揭示出产业增长核心区、赣中南产业振兴发展区、赣东北开放合作区、赣西产业转型升级区四大区域主导产业分别为电子信息、电子信息、有色金属和新材料。②江西省园区减排增效仍需持续提升,其国家级高新区能源产出率(1.66×10^(5)元/tce)和碳生产率(3.22×10^(5)元/t)较全国平均水平分别高53.7%和106%,但COD排放强度(1.92t/亿元)高于全国平均水平,仅有42%的区内污水厂处理负荷率达到60%。③江西省工业园区仍需对标国家标准深化绿色低碳发展,园区绿色发展规划中目标覆盖《国家生态工业园区指标标准》种类较少,总体政策效力仍有待提高。最后,本研究总结园区绿色低碳循环试点和上述研究结果,从产业、环境、管理三方面提出江西省工业园区绿色发展政策建议:①锚定区域产业定位,以特色产业集群建设推动工业园区绿色发展;②一园一策,深化园区碳污协同减排;③升级园区绿色低碳发展指标体系,推动更多园区争创国家绿色发展示范试点,这同时为其他地区工业园区绿色发展研究提供参考。

环境规制下长三角城市群技术协同创新网络特征对绿色经济增长的影响

以长三角城市群联合申请专利数据为基础,构建城市群技术协同创新网络。结合社会网络分析方法和固定效应面板模型,揭示跨区域技术协同创新网络静态特征(网络位置、网络关系强度)与动态特征(扩张性、稳定性)对绿色经济增长的影响,以及环境规制的调节作用。研究表明:网络位置、自我中心网络稳定性对绿色经济增长具有显著正向影响;网络关系强度与绿色经济增长之间存在U型关系;自我中心网络扩张性对绿色经济增长具有抑制作用;环境规制正向调节网络位置、网络关系强度、稳定性与绿色经济增长的关系。

酸解法制备生物基纳米纤维素研究进展

纳米纤维素(NCC)作为一种绿色可再生纳米材料,因其独特的结构和优异的理化性质而备受关注。文中首先概述了传统NCC制备技术所遭遇的挑战,随后总结了近年来NCC制备原料,对酸解法生产NCC新工艺进行了综述,分别对预处理工艺改进、不同酸水解工艺以及全流程优化进行阐述。在此基础上对酸解法生产NCC的经济效益进行了深入分析,并就这一方法对环境的潜在影响进行了全面评估,最后对酸解法制备NCC工业化进程进行了展望。

多元主体环境规制组合如何实现降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进?

降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进是助力于经济高质量发展的重要抓手。如何实现降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进是当前政府、公众乃至学术界比较关注的焦点话题。基于“政府-市场-公众”框架以中国30个省份为案例,运用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法、必要条件分析(NCA)和倾向得分匹配(PSM)方法,探讨政府环境规制、市场环境规制和公众环境规制多元主体环境规制组合对降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进的联动效应及其路径选择,探索性地识别出3类降碳减污协同推进的配适性选择方案,即由政府环境规制和公众环境规制多元组合共同解释的配饰模式,由政府环境规制、市场环境规制和公众环境规制多元组合共同解释的配饰模式以及由政府环境规制和市场环境规制多元组合共同解释的配饰模式。研究发现:①单一主体环境规制并不能构成降碳减污协同推进的必要条件,但是完善的环保制度发挥着普适性作用。瓶颈分析说明实现100%的降碳减污协同推进需要各种主体环境规制共同参与发挥效力。②政府、市场和公众多元环境规制“多重并发”,共4类环境规制组合能够实现降碳减污协同推进的效果,呈现出中国降碳减污协同推进的多元化实现路径和复杂机制。③进一步研究发现,政府环境规制-市场环境规制-公众环境规制多元联合型环境规制能够实现降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进的效果。这些发现对于中国各地区实施何种环境规制组合以实现降碳减污扩绿增长协同推进具有重要的理论意义与政策启示。