Development of an adolescent coping model in seasonal flood-prone areas:a qualitative feasibility study

Objective:The aim is to develop and verify the feasibility of an adolescent coping model in seasonal flood-prone areas.This coping model supports mental health nurses'practical application to adolescents in flood-prone areas.Methods:We developed the adolescent coping model based on the processes established in three integrated theories:self-care management for vulnerable populations,coping approaches,and coping with disaster.We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 participants to explore their perspectives and experiences with flood disasters.We used purposeful sampling for maximum diversity.Data were collected through face-to-face,in-depth interviews.Data were transcribed verbatim,followed by qualitative content analysis.The coping model of adolescents in flood-prone areas was analyzed qualitatively and inductively from the viewpoint of acceptability.Results:The following five categories were identified:(1)coping process post-disaster;(2)coping approach;(3)community power;(4)vulnerability;and(5)self-potential.These domains formed a model for coping model adolescents in seasonal flood-prone areas.Accordingly,our findings showed that the model could be practical for mental health community nursing.Conclusions:Mental health nurses can use the coping model for disaster mental health nursing in adolescents in flood-prone areas.The application of this model will help adolescents increase self-efficacy.

Lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer with submucosal invasion:Feasibility of minimally invasive surgery

AIM:To explore the feasibility of pertorming minimally invasive surgery(MIS)on subsets of submucosal gastric cancers that are unlikely to have regional lymph node metastasis. METHODS:A total of 105 patients underwent radical gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for submucosal gastric cancer at our hospital from January 1995 to December 1995.Besides investigating many clinicopathological features such as tumor size,gross appearance,and differentiation, we measured the depth of invasion into submucosa minutely and analyzed the clinicopathologic features of these patients regarding lymph node metastasis. RESULTS:The rate of lymph node metastasis in cases where the depth of invasion was<500 μm,500-2 000 μm,or >2 000 μm was 9%(2/23),19%(7136),and 33%(15/46), respectively(P<0.05).In univariate analysis,no significant correlation was found between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics such as age,sex,tumor location,gross appearance,tumor differentiation,Lauren's classification,and lymphatic invasion.In multivariate analysis, tumor size(>4 cm vs≤2 cm,odds ratio=4.80, P=0.04)and depth of invasion(>2 000 μm vs ≤500 μm, odds ratio=6.81,P=0.02)were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis.Combining the depth and size in cases where the depth of invasion was less than 500 μm, we found that lymph node metastasis occurred where the tumor size was greater than 4 cm.In cases where the tumor size was less than 2 cm,lymph node metastasis was found only where the depth of tumor invasion was more than 2 000 μm. CONCLUSION:MIS can be applied to submucosal gastric cancer that is less than 2 cm in size and 500 μm in depth.

A pilot clinical study to evaluate feasibility of using single patient classifier as a prognostic test in stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ gastric cancer patients

Objective:Precision medicine approaches emphasize the importance of reliable prognostic tools for guiding individualized therapy decisions.In this study,we evaluated the clinical feasibility of the single patient classifier(SPC)test,a new clinical-grade prognostic assay,in stageⅡ-Ⅲgastric cancer patients.Methods:A prospective multicenter study was conducted,involving 237 patients who underwent gastrectomy between September 2019 and August 2020 across nine hospitals.The SPC test was employed to stratify patients into risk groups,and its feasibility and performance were evaluated.The primary endpoint was the proportion of the cases in which the test results were timely delivered before selecting postoperative treatment.Furthermore,3-year disease-free survivals of risk groups were analyzed.Results:The SPC test met the primary endpoint criteria.The 99.5%of SPC tests were timely delivered to hospitals before the postoperative treatment started.In a clinical setting,the median time from the specimen transfer to laboratory to the result delivery to hospital was 4 d.Furthermore,3-year disease-free survivals were significantly different between risk groups classified with SPC tests.Conclusions:This study highlights the SPC test's feasibility in offering crucial information timely delivered for making informed decisions regarding postoperative treatment strategies.It also provides evidence to support the implementation of a future prospective clinical trial aimed at evaluating the clinical utility of the SPC test in guiding personalized treatment decisions for gastric cancer patients.

Provincial-level analysis of electrification feasibility and climate policy interactions

Improving electrification feasibility is essential for reducing emissions from non-electric energy sources,thereby enhancing air quality and public health.Concurrently,climate mitigation actions,such as carbon pricing policies,have significant potential to alleviate increasing carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and other co-emitted air pollutants.However,the interactions between climate policy and the improvement of electrification feasibility at the provincial level remain unclear,collectively impacting the net-zero transition of energy-intensive sectors.Here we combine a technologically rich economic-energy-environment model with air quality modeling across China to examine the health,climate,and economic implications of large-scale upgrades in electrification feasibility and climate policies from 2017 to 2030.The results indicate that advancing electrification feasibility,coupled with adopting carbon pricing policies,is likely to facilitate a transition towards electricity-dominant energy systems.Improved electrification feasibility is projected to yield a 7-25%increase in nationwide climate benefits and a 5-14%increase in health benefits by 2030.These incremental benefits,coupled with reduced economic costs,result in a 22-68%increase in net benefits.However,regionally,improvements in electrification feasibility will lead to heightened power demand and unintended emissions from electric energy production in certain provinces(e.g.,Nei Mongol)due to the coal-dominated power system.Additionally,in major coal-producing provinces like Shanxi and Shaanxi,enhanced electrification feasibility exacerbates the negative economic impacts of climate policies.This study provides quantitative insights into how improving electrification feasibility reshapes energy evolution and the benefit-cost profile of climate policy at the provincial level.The findings underscore the necessity of a well-designed compensation scheme between affected and unaffected provinces and coordinated emission mitigation across the power and other end-use sectors.

Safety and feasibility of enhanced recovery after surgery-based management model for ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures

BACKGROUND There is still some room for optimizing ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures,and the preoperative and postoperative management quality for pediatric patients needs to be improved.AIM To discuss the safety and feasibility of the enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)-based management model for ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures.METHODS We selected 320 pediatric patients undergoing ambulatory surgery from June 2023 to January 2024 at The First People’s Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture.Of these,220 received ERAS-based management(research group)and 100 received routine management(control group).General information,postoperative ambulation activities,surgical outcomes(operation time,postoperative gastro-intestinal ventilation time,and hospital stay),postoperative pain visual analogue scale,postoperative complications(incision infection,abdominal distension,fever,nausea,and vomiting),and family satisfaction were compared.RESULTS The general information of the research group(sex,age,disease type,single parent,family history,etc.)was comparable to that of the control group(P>0.05),but the rate of postoperative(2 h,4 h,and 6 h after surgery)ambulation activities was statistically higher(P<0.01),and operation time,postoperative gastrointestinal ventilation time,and hospital stay were markedly shorter(P<0.05).The research group had lower visual analogue scale scores(P<0.01)at 12 h and 24 h after surgery and a lower incidence of total postoperative complications than the control group(P=0.001).The research group had higher family satisfaction than the control group(P=0.007).CONCLUSION The ERAS-based management model was safe and feasible in ambulatory pediatric surgical procedures and worthy of clinical promotion.

A Quick Method for Judging the Feasibility of Security-Constrained Unit Commitment Problems within Lagrangian Relaxation Framework

Generally, the procedure for Solving Security constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problems within Lagrangian Relaxation framework is partitioned into two stages: one is to obtain feasible SCUC states;the other is to solve the economic dispatch of generation power among all the generating units. The core of the two stages is how to determine the feasibility of SCUC states. The existence of ramp rate constraints and security constraints increases the difficulty of obtaining an analytical necessary and sufficient condition for determining the quasi-feasibility of SCUC states at each scheduling time. However, a numerical necessary and sufficient numerical condition is proposed and proven rigorously based on Benders Decomposition Theorem. Testing numerical example shows the effectiveness and efficiency of the condition.

Potential applications of 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging in paediatric neuroimaging:Feasibility and challenges

The integration of 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging(7 T MRI)in adult patients has marked a revolutionary stride in radiology.In this article we explore the feasibility of 7 T MRI in paediatric practice,emphasizing its feasibility,applications,challenges,and safety considerations.The heightened resolution and tissue contrast of 7 T MRI offer unprecedented diagnostic accuracy,particularly in neuroimaging.Applications range from neuro-oncology to neonatal brain imaging,showcasing its efficacy in detecting subtle structural abnormalities and providing enhanced insights into neurological conditions.Despite the promise,challenges such as high cost,discomfort,and safety concerns necessitate careful consideration.Research suggests that,with precautions,7 T MRI is feasible in paediatrics,yet ongoing studies and safety assessments are imperative.

Extension of Chemoprevention of Seasonal Malaria to Five Cycles and to Children from the Age of 6 to 9 Years in Africa: Analysis of Its Acceptability, Feasibility, Cost and Impact A Systematic Review

Introduction: Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) aims at preventing malaria in children during the high transmission season. It has been recommended by the WHO since 2013 for children from the age of 3-59 months. However, despite the impact of this intervention, a peak in the prevalence and incidence of malaria is observed in children from the age of 5-9 years. The aim of this study is to determine from the current literature the feasibility, impact and cost-effectiveness of extending SMC to five cycles and to older children. Methods: A litterature search of PubMed/Medline, NCBI and Google scholar identified 1333 articles. After reading the titles and abstracts by two authors, 24 articles were selected and submitted for full reading. Random control studies on the extension of SMC, malaria, feasibility of SMC, impact of SMC and cost-effectiveness of SMC were selected. A total of 16 articles were included for the qualitative synthesis after excluding 8 studies. Results: Following the summary of the evidence, we conclude that the extension is feasible but will be confronted with the unavailability of older children. The intervention period coincides with field work. SMC is effective in reducing the prevalence and incidence of malaria and the parasite density in children. The financial cost of administering SMC is lower than that of treating a child suffering from malaria. Conclusion: After analysing the information, it was found that the majority of the African population supports the extension of the SMC to the number of cycles and the age group in order to alleviate the high mortality and morbidity rates among children due to malaria.

Feasibility and Path Analysis of Integrating Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education into“One-Stop”Student Communities

The“one-stop”student community provides new support for innovation and entrepreneurship education in universities.Integrating innovation and entrepreneurship education into the“one-stop”student community work enriches course materials,integrates teacher resources,improves students’participation in innovation and entrepreneurship,and solves problems such as low student participation,lack of course resources,insufficient teacher resources,and single evaluation methods in traditional classrooms.Through various means such as exploring course resources,innovating management models,and strengthening team construction,the role of“one-stop”student communities in innovation and entrepreneurship education has been fully utilized,promoting the development of innovation and entrepreneurship education.

Feasibility of initial endoscopic common bile duct stone removal in patients with acute cholangitis

AIM To investigate the feasibility of initial endoscopic common bile duct(CBD) stone removal in patients with acute cholangitis(AC).METHODS A single-center,retrospective study was conducted between April 2013 and December 2014 and was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee at our institution.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to the procedure.The cohort comprised 31 AC patients with CBD stones who underwent endoscopic biliary drainage(EBD) for na?ve papilla within 48 h after AC onset.We retrospectively divided the participants into two groups: 19 patients with initial endoscopic CBD stone removal(initial group) and 12 patients with delayed endoscopic CBD stone removal(delayed group).We evaluated the feasibility of initial endoscopic CBD stone removal in patients with AC.RESULTS We observed no significant differences between the groups regarding patient characteristics.According to the assessments based on the Tokyo Guidelines,the AC severity of patients with initial endoscopic CBD stone removal was mild to moderate.The use of antithrombotic agents before EBD was less frequent in the initial group than in the delayed group(11% vs 58%,respectively; P = 0.004).All the patients underwent successful endoscopic CBD stone removaland adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups.The number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures was significantly lower in the initial group than in the delayed group [median(interquartile range) 1(1-1) vs 2(2-2),respectively; P < 0.001].The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter for the initial group than for the delayed group [10(9-15) vs 17(14-20),respectively; P = 0.010].CONCLUSION Initial endoscopic CBD stone removal in patients with AC may be feasible when AC severity and the use of antithrombotic agents are carefully considered.

Research on the feasibility of storage and estimation model of storage capacity of CO_(2)in fissures of coal mine old goaf

The concept of the carbon cycle in the old goaf of a coal mine based on CO_(2)utilization and storage was put forward adhering to the principle of low-carbon development,utilization of space resources in old goafs,and associated gas resources development.Firstly,the evolution characteristics of overburden fissures in the goaf of the case was studied using a two-dimensional physical similarity simulation test,the sealing performance of the caprocks after stabilization was analyzed,and the fissures were counted and classi-fied.Then,the process of gaseous CO_(2)injection in the connected fissure was simulated by Ansys Fluent software,and the migration law and distribution characteristics of CO_(2)under the condition of gaseous CO_(2)injection were analyzed.Finally,the estimation models of free CO_(2)storage capacity in the old goaf were constructed considering the proportion of connected fissure and the effectiveness of CO_(2)injection.The CO_(2)storage capacity in the old goaf of the case coal mine was estimated.The results showed that a caprock group of“hard-thickness low-permeability hard-thickness”was formed after the caprock-fissures system in the goaf of the case tended to be stable vertically.The connected fissure,occlude cracks,and micro-fractures in the goaf accounted for 85.5%,8.5%,and 6%of the total fissures,respectively.Gaseous CO_(2)first migrated to the bottom of the connected fissure after CO_(2)was injected into the goaf,then spread horizontally along the bottom of the connected fissure after reaching the bottom,and finally spread longitudinally after filling the bottom of the entire connected fissure.The theoretical and effective storage capacities of free CO_(2)at normal temperature and pressure in the old goaf of the case were 9757 and 7477 t,respectively.The effective storage capacity of free CO_(2)at normal temperature and pressure in the old goaf after all minefield mined was 193404 t.The research can provide some reference for the coal mining industry to help the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”.

Operational feasibility study of stagnation pressure reaction control for a mid-caliber non-spinning projectile

Controlled,guided munitions can reduce dispersion in the shot,while providing the capability of engaging both stationary and maneuvering targets.The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research has developed a fin-less control technology called Stagnation Pressure Reaction Control(SPRC)that takes stagnation pressure air and directs it sideways to control non-spinning projectiles.In a previous study,this technology was demonstrated at Mach 2 wind-tunnel conditions to achieve up to 1.5°controllable angle of incidence for a non-spinning,aerodynamically unstable projectile-like test object.In an operational scenario,the decelerating projectile will experience a decline in control force while the simultaneous forward shift of the center of pressure increases the need for control force.Furthermore,angles of incidence exceeding 1.5°will be experienced under realistic flight conditions,especially against maneuvering targets.This work addresses these challenges and presents an operational feasibility study for a practical application of SPRC in a non-spinning mid-caliber gun-launched projectile,using experiment data on control latency and force of the earlier study.It illustrates the combined effect of the control-and stability dynamics and underlines the potential of an SPRC projectile as a precisionoperation ammunition.This research revealed that SPRC technology can stabilize and control the hypothesized projectile in a direct fire scenario against stationary and maneuvering targets.

A Study on the Feasibility of Total Quality Management Model and the Awareness and Attitude of the Managers of Health Care

Total Quality Management is not just an admirable phenomenon but it is any client’s right and can be done through contribution of the staff and the managers as well as the client’s of an organization. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the feasibility of TQM model and the attitude of the managers of health field of Yazd medical sciences university towards it. The present study was a descriptive and analytical one which was cross-section ally conducted from 2010 to 2011. The population under study consisted of the managers of the unit of staff vice-chancellor for health and treatment, the managers of health system and centers of cities and also the managers of Yazd’s public hospitals. 64 people were chosen using the formula for calculating the number of samples. A questionnaire with 48 questions was used. The questionnaire’s validity was approved by the faculty members whose major is management and its reliability by using α-cronbach 87%. To analyze the data, the software SPSS V.17 was used. Scoring method was based on likert. The findings of the study show that, considering feasibility of TQM, there is a significant relation between the awareness and attitude of the managers of health and treatment field on one side and the variables, age and University degree, on the other side p = 0.001. Considering binary logistic regression and the results obtained in the form of inter and backward stepwise, the most important factors affecting the feasibility of TQM among the managers of health and treatment field are the level of awareness and attitude with the predicted accuracy 79.3% and 87.9% respectively.

Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation: A Review

With the rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, it is feared that the world will soon run out of its energy resources. This is a matter of concern for developing countries whose economy heavily leans on its use of energy. Under the circums-tances it is highly desirable that renewable energy resources should be utilized with maximum conversion efficiency to cope with the ever increasing energy demand. Furthermore, the global economic and political conditions that tend to make countries more dependent on their own energy resources have caused growing interest in the development and use of renewable energy based technologies. In terms of its environmental advantages, renewable energy sources generate electricity with insignificant contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) or other greenhouse gases (GHG) to the atmosphere and they produce no pollutant discharge on water or soil and hence power generation from renewable becomes very important. Major types of renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydro and biomass, all of which have huge potential to meet future energy challenges. Solar photovoltaic technology in one of the first among several renewable energy technologies that have been adopted worldwide for meeting the basic needs of electricity particularly in remote areas. In this paper literature review pertaining to techno-economic feasibility analysis of solar photovoltaic power generation is discussed. The literature is basically classified into the following three main category design methods, techno-economic feasibility of solar photovoltaic power generation, performance evaluations of various systems.

Feasibility and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic rectal resection following neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy: A systematic review

AIM: To study the feasibility and oncological outcomesfollowing laparoscopic total mesorectal excision(LTME) in patients who have received Neo-adjuvant long course chemo-radiotherapy(LCRT). METHODS: A protocol driven systematic review of published literature was undertaken to assess the feasibility and oncological outcomes following LTME in patients receiving LCRT. The feasibility was assessed using peri-operative outcomes and short term results. The oncological outcomes were assessed using local recurrence, disease free survival and overall survival.RESULTS: Only 8 studies-1 randomized controlled trial, 4 Case Matched/Controlled Studies and 3 Case Series were identified matching the search criteria. The conversion rate was low(1.2% to 28.1%), anastomotic leak rates were similar to open total mesorectal excision(0%-4.1% vs 0%-8.3%). Only 3 studies reported on local recurrence rates(5.2%-7.6%) at median 34 mo follow-up. A single study described disease free survival and overall survival at 3 years as 78.8% and 92.1% respectively. CONCLUSION: LTME following LCRT is feasible in experienced hands, with acceptable short term surgical outcomes and with the usual benefits associated with minimally invasive procedures. The long term oncological outcomes of LTME after LCRT appear to be comparable to open procedures but need further investigation.

Endoscopic and anesthetic feasibility of EUS and ERCP combined in a single session versus two different sessions

AIM:To discuss the feasibility of single session endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) to discuss and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) execution.METHODS:Retrospective endoscopic and anesthetic outcome comparison of performing both EUS and ERCP in a single endoscopic session(Group Ⅰ) versus performing each procedure in two different sessions(Group Ⅱ) was made.The following variables were evaluated:epidemiological variables,American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification(ASA) level,procedural time,propofol dose,anesthetic complications,endoscopic complications and diagnostic yield,and therapeutic procedures on both groups.T-student,ChiSquare and Fisher test were used for comparison.RESULTS:We included 39 patients in Group Ⅰ(mean age:69.85 ± 9.25;27 men) and 46 in Group Ⅱ(mean age:67.46 ± 12.57;25 men).Procedural time did not differ significantly between both groups(Group Ⅰvs Group Ⅱ:93 ± 32.78 vs 98.98 ± 38.17;P >0.05) but the dose of propofol differed(Group Ⅰ vs Group Ⅱ:322.28 ± 250.54 mg vs 516.96 ± 289.06 mg;P = 0.001).Three patients had normal findings on both explorations.Three anesthetic complications [O2 desaturation(2),broncoaspiration(1)] and 9 endoscopic complications [pancreatitis(6),bleeding(1),perforation(1),cholangitis(1)] occurred without significant differences between both groups(P > 0.05).We did not find any significant difference regarding age,sex,ASA scale level,diagnostic yield or therapeutic maneuvers between both groups.CONCLUSION:The performance of EUS and ERCP in a single session offers a similar diagnostic and therapeutic yield,does not entail a higher complication risk and requires a significantly smaller dose of propofol for sedation compared with performing each exploration in a different session.

The Feasibility Study of Career English Teaching Reform in Higher Vocational Colleges

It has been proved that traditional public English teaching can‘t meet the society requirements for the high skilled talent-ed,while Career English teaching can help students connect English learning with their future career,which better reflects occupa-tional and practical characteristics of higher vocational education.The paper puts forwards three feasibilities in Career Englishteaching reform in order to promote teaching quality of public English teaching in higher vocational colleges further.

Implementation of Psychosocial Intervention StomieCare for Patients with Rectal Cancer Treated by Rectal Excision and Temporary Stoma:A Pilot Study of Feasibility,Acceptability and Efficacy

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the feasibility,acceptability,and efficacy of StomieCare for rectal cancer patients undergoing surgery with a temporary stoma.StomieCare(three individual sessions)comprises thematic discussions,information and education,and teaching problem-solving and cognitive restructuring.Methods:Thirty-seven rectal cancer participants treated by surgery and temporary stoma were recruited and randomized to control(routine care approach,n=20)and intervention(routine care and StomieCare,n=17)groups.Outcomes were psychological distress(anxiety and depression,HADS),body image(BIS,ESS),and quality of life(FACT-C),at one week before surgery(T1)and 3 months after stoma closure(T2).Interand intragroup statistical analyses were performed.Results:This study demonstrated that StomieCare is feasible and acceptable.At T2,depression scores were higher for controls than for the intervention group.The mean scores for quality of life,depression,and body image decreased in the control group but remained stable in the intervention group.Anxiety scores significantly decreased between T1 and T2 only for the control group.Conclusion:StomieCare is a feasible and acceptable intervention for the prevention of depressive symptomatology.

A Feasibility Study of Using Geothermal Energy to Enhance Natural Gas Production from Offshore Gas Hydrate Reservoirs by CO_(2) Swapping

The energy industry faces a significant challenge in extracting natural gas from offshore natural gas hydrate(NGH)reservoirs,primarily due to the low productivity of wells and the high operational costs involved.The present study offers an assessment of the feasibility of utilizing geothermal energy to augment the production of natural gas from offshore gas hydrate reservoirs through the implementation of the methane-CO_(2)swapping technique.The present study expands the research scope of the authors beyond their previous publication,which exclusively examined the generation of methane from marine gas hydrates.Specifically,the current investigation explores the feasibility of utilizing the void spaces created by the extracted methane in the hydrate reservoir for carbon dioxide storage.Analytical models were employed to forecast the heat transfer from a geothermal zone to an NGH reservoir.A study was conducted utilizing data obtained from a reservoir situated in the Shenhu region of the Northern South China Sea.The findings of the model indicate that the implementation of geothermal heating can lead to a substantial enhancement in the productivity of wells located in heated reservoirs during CO_(2)swapping procedures.The non-linear relationship between the temperature of the heated reservoir and the rate of fold increase has been observed.It is anticipated that the fold of increase will surpass 5 when the gas hydrate reservoir undergoes a temperature rise from 6℃ to 16℃.The mathematical models utilized in this study did not incorporate the impact of heat convection resulting from CO_(2)flow into the gas reservoir.This factor has the potential to enhance well productivity.The mathematical models’deviation assumptions may cause over-prediction of well productivity in geothermal-stimulated reservoirs.Additional research is required to examine the impacts of temperature drawdown,heat convection resulting from depressurization,heat-induced gas pressure increment,and the presence of free gas in the formation containing hydrates.The process of CH4-CO_(2)swapping,which has been investigated,involves the utilization of geothermal stimulation.This method is highly encouraging as it enables the efficient injection of CO_(2)into gas hydrate reservoirs,resulting in the permanent sequestration of CO_(2)in a solid state.Additional research is warranted to examine the rate of mass transfer of CO_(2)within reservoirs of gas hydrates.

A Comparative Study of the Economic Feasibility of Employing CHP Systems in Different Industrial Manufacturing Applications

Extensive research work including multiple methodologies and numerous simulations have been completed in order to determine the economic effectiveness of employing CHP at commercial and residential sites. In contrast to the above, very few attempts have been made to develop methodologies to study the feasibility of CHP systems at industrial manufacturing facilities. As a result, practical opportunities for CHP at industrial sites are often not realized or even investigated. It follows that there is a need in the CHP related literature for an analysis that is explicit and yet general enough to determine the economic viability and potential for success of CHP systems at industrial manufacturing facilities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to clearly outline a methodology to determine the economic effectiveness of installation and operation of a CHP system at industrial facilities that have a need for space or process heating in the form of steam. The effect on the CHP system economic performance of several parameters, such as the project payback, internal rate of return, net present value, etc., are considered in the proposed methodology. The applicability and generality of the methodology is illustrated by examples including four different manufacturing facilities. The effects of the variability of factors such as annual facility operational hours during which both process heat and electricity are needed, facility average hourly thermal load, cost of utility supplied electricity, and CHP fuel type and associated fuel cost, on the outcome of the economic analysis are also examined.