Feature Enhanced Stacked Auto Encoder for Diseases Detection in Brain MRI

The detection of brain disease is an essential issue in medical and research areas.Deep learning techniques have shown promising results in detecting and diagnosing brain diseases using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)images.These techniques involve training neural networks on large datasets of MRI images,allowing the networks to learn patterns and features indicative of different brain diseases.However,several challenges and limitations still need to be addressed further to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of these techniques.This paper implements a Feature Enhanced Stacked Auto Encoder(FESAE)model to detect brain diseases.The standard stack auto encoder’s results are trivial and not robust enough to boost the system’s accuracy.Therefore,the standard Stack Auto Encoder(SAE)is replaced with a Stacked Feature Enhanced Auto Encoder with a feature enhancement function to efficiently and effectively get non-trivial features with less activation energy froman image.The proposed model consists of four stages.First,pre-processing is performed to remove noise,and the greyscale image is converted to Red,Green,and Blue(RGB)to enhance feature details for discriminative feature extraction.Second,feature Extraction is performed to extract significant features for classification using DiscreteWavelet Transform(DWT)and Channelization.Third,classification is performed to classify MRI images into four major classes:Normal,Tumor,Brain Stroke,and Alzheimer’s.Finally,the FESAE model outperforms the state-of-theart,machine learning,and deep learning methods such as Artificial Neural Network(ANN),SAE,Random Forest(RF),and Logistic Regression(LR)by achieving a high accuracy of 98.61% on a dataset of 2000 MRI images.The proposed model has significant potential for assisting radiologists in diagnosing brain diseases more accurately and improving patient outcomes.

EFFECTIVE FEATURE ANALYSIS FOR COLOR IMAGE SEGMENTATION

An approach for color image segmentation is proposed based on the contributions of color features to segmentation rather than the choice of a particular color space. The determination of effective color features depends on the analysis of various color features from each tested color image via the designed feature encoding. It is different from the pervious methods where self organized feature map (SOFM) is used for constructing the feature encoding so that the feature encoding can self organize the effective features for different color images. Fuzzy clustering is applied for the final segmentation when the well suited color features and the initial parameter are available. The proposed method has been applied in segmenting different types of color images and the experimental results show that it outperforms the classical clustering method. The study shows that the feature encoding approach offers great promise in automating and optimizing the segmentation of color images.

An Improved Distraction Behavior Detection Algorithm Based on YOLOv5

Distracted driving remains a primary factor in traffic accidents and poses a significant obstacle to advancing driver assistance technologies.Improving the accuracy of distracted driving can greatly reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents,thereby providing a guarantee for the safety of drivers.However,detecting distracted driving behaviors remains challenging in real-world scenarios with complex backgrounds,varying target scales,and different resolutions.Addressing the low detection accuracy of existing vehicle distraction detection algorithms and considering practical application scenarios,this paper proposes an improved vehicle distraction detection algorithm based on YOLOv5.The algorithm integrates Attention-based Intra-scale Feature Interaction(AIFI)into the backbone network,enabling it to focus on enhancing feature interactions within the same scale through the attention mechanism.By emphasizing important features,this approach improves detection accuracy,thereby enhancing performance in complex backgrounds.Additionally,a Triple Feature Encoding(TFE)module has been added to the neck network.This module utilizes multi-scale features,encoding and fusing them to create a more detailed and comprehensive feature representation,enhancing object detection and localization,and enabling the algorithm to fully understand the image.Finally,the shape-IoU(Intersection over Union)loss function is adopted to replace the original IoU for more precise bounding box regression.Comparative evaluation of the improved YOLOv5 distraction detection algorithm against the original YOLOv5 algorithm shows an average accuracy improvement of 1.8%,indicating significant advantages in solving distracted driving problems.

Prediction of Pediatric Sepsis Using a Deep Encoding Network with Cross Features

Sepsis poses a serious threat to health of children in pediatric intensive care unit.The mortality from pediatric sepsis can be effectively reduced through in-time diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.The bacilliculture detection method is too time-consuming to receive timely treatment.In this research,we propose a new framework:a deep encoding network with cross features(CF-DEN)that enables accurate early detection of sepsis.Cross features are automatically constructed via the gradient boosting decision tree and distilled into the deep encoding network(DEN)we designed.The DEN is aimed at learning sufficiently effective representation from clinical test data.Each layer of the DEN fltrates the features involved in computation at current layer via attention mechanism and outputs the current prediction which is additive layer by layer to obtain the embedding feature at last layer.The framework takes the advantage of tree-based method and neural network method to extract effective representation from small clinical dataset and obtain accurate prediction in order to prompt patient to get timely treatment.We evaluate the performance of the framework on the dataset collected from Shanghai Children's Medical Center.Compared with common machine learning methods,our method achieves the increase on F1-score by 16.06%on the test set.

iLBE for Computational Identification of Linear B-cell Epitopes by Integrating Sequence and Evolutionary Features

Linear B-cell epitopes are critically important for immunological applications,such as vaccine design,immunodiagnostic test,and antibody production,as well as disease diagnosis and therapy.The accurate identification of linear B-cell epitopes remains challenging despite several decades of research.In this work,we have developed a novel predictor,Identification of Linear B-cell Epitope(i LBE),by integrating evolutionary and sequence-based features.The successive feature vectors were optimized by a Wilcoxon-rank sum test.Then the random forest(RF)algorithm using the optimal consecutive feature vectors was applied to predict linear B-cell epitopes.We combined the RF scores by the logistic regression to enhance the prediction accuracy.iLBE yielded an area under curve score of 0.809 on the training dataset and outperformed other prediction models on a comprehensive independent dataset.iLBE is a powerful computational tool to identify the linear B-cell epitopes and would help to develop penetrating diagnostic tests.A web application with curated datasets for iLBE is freely accessible at http://kurata14.bio.kyutech.ac.jp/iLBE/.

A machine learning-based analytical framework for employee turnover prediction

Employee turnover(ET)can cause severe consequences to a company,which are hard to be replaced or rebuilt.It is thus crucial to develop an intelligent system that can accurately predict the likelihood of ET,allowing the human resource management team to take pro-active action for retention or plan for succession.However,building such a system faces challenges due to the variety of influential human factors,the lack of training data,and the large pool of candidate models to choose from.Solutions offered by existing studies only adopt essential learning strategies.To fill this methodological gap,we propose a machine learning-based analytical framework that adopts a streamlined approach to feature engineering,model training and validation,and ensemble learning towards building an accurate and robust predictive model.The proposed framework is evaluated on two representative datasets with different sizes and feature settings.Results demonstrate the superior performance of the final model produced by our framework.