Revealing the Landform Types and Morphologic Features of Lunar Surface

A lunar geologic map at a scale of 1：5000000 was finished in the 1970s by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S U.S. Geological Survey. Department of the Interior, Till now, the landform classification system and lunar morphologic mapping have not been clarified. The work aims to put forward a new landform classification system and to obtain index and map in the Sheet H010. Some key morphologic features of lunar surface were compared with those of the Earth. This research is very important for whole lunar morphologic mapping and unraveling evolutionary progress.

Geological Features,Mineralization Types and Metallogenic Setting of the Phlaythong Large Iron Deposit,Southern Laos

The Phlaythong large iron deposit in Shampasak of southern Laos,is located in the Kon Tum microblock （Fig.1A）,central-southern part of the Indo-China block,and the geographic coordinate of the central mining area is 14°43′04″ N and 106°07′02″ E.

Geochemical Features of a Subduction Initiation Ophiolite Type in Habana-Matanzas Region(Western Cuba)

We present new geochemical data for the upper mantle and crustal sections(whole-rock major and trace element compositions)as well as mineral chemical data,from the Northern Carbibbean ophiolites in the Habana-Matanzas region in Western Cuba.These ophiolites are part of the Northern Cuban Ophiolitic Belt(NCOB),extending for more than 1000 km along the island.The upper mantle peridotites are composed mainly of refractory harzburgite with tectonite textures,and show convex-downward patterns depleted in MREE normalized to chondrite values(Mc Donough and Sun,1995).These geochemical trends are characteristic for depleted mantle wedge peridotites metasomatized by slab-derived,LREE enriched melts.The NCOB also includes abyssal peridotites having lower LREE/HREEratiosanddisplayingrelativelyhomogeneous and flat patterns from MREE to HREE.These peridotites represent fragments accreted into the continental margin from a subducted oceanic lithosphere.Gabbro and dolerite units in the NCOB are systematically depleted in High Field Strength Elements(HFSE:Nb,Ta,Hf,Ti)and REE with respect to N-MORB(<1 X N-MORB).Their melt evolution was affected by subduction input.Spatially associated granitic rocks have a volcanic arc geochemical affinity.Some mafic extrusive rocks within the NCOB exhibit boninitic signatures,and may represent the products of subduction initiation magmatism,whereas other extrusive rock occurrences display N-MORB to E-MORB geochemical fingerprints,slightly modified by subduction derived fluids.Using these geochemical data and constraints,we present a tectonomagmatic model for the evolution of the NCOB within the framework of the Caribbean geology.

Powered by standards-new data tools for the climate sciences

The ultimate goal of much current research in earth science informatics is to enable more efficient discovery and use of environmental data.Large-scale efforts are underway at regional and global levels.For instance the European INSPIRE Directive(2007/2/EC)and international GEOSS initiative will both provide unprecedented catalogues of earth observation and environmental data,with links to online services providing direct access to digital data repositories.While the motivation for these emerging infrastructures is clear(e.g.understanding global change),it is less obvious how they might be implemented.Standards will play a major role and considerable effort is currently being devoted to their development by bodies like the International Organisation for Standardisation and the Open Geospatial Consortium.Internet search engines are amongst the most popular websites visited today.Using the metaphor of a web search portal,we review the potential of new geospatial standards to provide an advanced,userfriendly approach to discovery and use of climate-science data.