Curve Classification Based onMean-Variance Feature Weighting and Its Application

The classification of functional data has drawn much attention in recent years.The main challenge is representing infinite-dimensional functional data by finite-dimensional features while utilizing those features to achieve better classification accuracy.In this paper,we propose a mean-variance-based(MV)feature weighting method for classifying functional data or functional curves.In the feature extraction stage,each sample curve is approximated by B-splines to transfer features to the coefficients of the spline basis.After that,a feature weighting approach based on statistical principles is introduced by comprehensively considering the between-class differences and within-class variations of the coefficients.We also introduce a scaling parameter to adjust the gap between the weights of features.The new feature weighting approach can adaptively enhance noteworthy local features while mitigating the impact of confusing features.The algorithms for feature weighted K-nearest neighbor and support vector machine classifiers are both provided.Moreover,the new approach can be well integrated into existing functional data classifiers,such as the generalized functional linear model and functional linear discriminant analysis,resulting in a more accurate classification.The performance of the mean-variance-based classifiers is evaluated by simulation studies and real data.The results show that the newfeatureweighting approach significantly improves the classification accuracy for complex functional data.

Automatic Extraction Method of 3D Feature Guidelines for Complex Cultural Relic Surfaces Based on Point Cloud

Cultural relics line graphic serves as a crucial form of traditional artifact information documentation,which is a simple and intuitive product with low cost of displaying compared with 3D models.Dimensionality reduction is undoubtedly necessary for line drawings.However,most existing methods for artifact drawing rely on the principles of orthographic projection that always cannot avoid angle occlusion and data overlapping while the surface of cultural relics is complex.Therefore,conformal mapping was introduced as a dimensionality reduction way to compensate for the limitation of orthographic projection.Based on the given criteria for assessing surface complexity,this paper proposed a three-dimensional feature guideline extraction method for complex cultural relic surfaces.A 2D and 3D combined factor that measured the importance of points on describing surface features,vertex weight,was designed.Then the selection threshold for feature guideline extraction was determined based on the differences between vertex weight and shape index distributions.The feasibility and stability were verified through experiments conducted on real cultural relic surface data.Results demonstrated the ability of the method to address the challenges associated with the automatic generation of line drawings for complex surfaces.The extraction method and the obtained results will be useful for line graphic drawing,displaying and propaganda of cultural relics.

降低权重冗余的分类算法CFS-CFW研究

朴素贝叶斯具有强的独立性假设,而特征加权是解决这一问题的方法。CFW算法是一种简单有效的加权算法,但该算法的权重计算公式纳入了特征间冗余性,从而影响为每个特征所赋予的权值,降低了分类精度。针对CFW算法中存在的权重冗余问题,本文提出了CFS-CFW算法。该算法使用特征选择算法CFS有效降低权重冗余性,使得每个特征被赋予更合适的权重。在13个UCI数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法具有更高的分类精度。在UCI的spambase的垃圾邮件分类数据集上,该算法的准确性也更高。

Radar emitter signal recognition based on multi-scale wavelet entropy and feature weighting

In modern electromagnetic environment, radar emitter signal recognition is an important research topic. On the basis of multi-resolution wavelet analysis, an adaptive radar emitter signal recognition method based on multi-scale wavelet entropy feature extraction and feature weighting was proposed. With the only priori knowledge of signal to noise ratio(SNR), the method of extracting multi-scale wavelet entropy features of wavelet coefficients from different received signals were combined with calculating uneven weight factor and stability weight factor of the extracted multi-dimensional characteristics. Radar emitter signals of different modulation types and different parameters modulated were recognized through feature weighting and feature fusion. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the presented algorithm has a high recognition rate. Additionally, when the SNR is greater than-4 d B, the correct recognition rate is higher than 93%. Hence, the proposed algorithm has great application value.

Evaluation of Feature Subset Selection, Feature Weighting, and Prototype Selection for Biomedical Applications

Many medical diagnosis applications are characterized by datasets that contain under-represented classes due to the fact that the disease is much rarer than the normal case. In such a situation classifiers such as decision trees and Na?ve Bayesian that generalize over the data are not the proper choice as classification methods. Case-based classifiers that can work on the samples seen so far are more appropriate for such a task. We propose to calculate the contingency table and class specific evaluation measures despite the overall accuracy for evaluation purposes of classifiers for these specific data characteristics. We evaluate the different options of our case-based classifier and compare the perform-ance to decision trees and Na?ve Bayesian. Finally, we give an outlook for further work.

Decision Cost Feature Weighting and Its Application in Intrusion Detection

This paper introduces the cost-sensitive feature weighting strategy and its application in intrusion detection. Cost factors and cost matrix are proposed to demonstrate the misclassification cost for IDS. How to get the whole minimal risk, is mainly discussed in this paper in detail. From experiments, it shows that although decision cost based weight learning exists somewhat attack misclassification, it can achieve relatively low misclassification costs on the basis of keeping relatively high rate of recognition precision.

Model-Free Ultra-High-Dimensional Feature Screening for Multi-Classified Response Data Based on Weighted Jensen-Shannon Divergence

In ultra-high-dimensional data, it is common for the response variable to be multi-classified. Therefore, this paper proposes a model-free screening method for variables whose response variable is multi-classified from the point of view of introducing Jensen-Shannon divergence to measure the importance of covariates. The idea of the method is to calculate the Jensen-Shannon divergence between the conditional probability distribution of the covariates on a given response variable and the unconditional probability distribution of the covariates, and then use the probabilities of the response variables as weights to calculate the weighted Jensen-Shannon divergence, where a larger weighted Jensen-Shannon divergence means that the covariates are more important. Additionally, we also investigated an adapted version of the method, which is to measure the relationship between the covariates and the response variable using the weighted Jensen-Shannon divergence adjusted by the logarithmic factor of the number of categories when the number of categories in each covariate varies. Then, through both theoretical and simulation experiments, it was demonstrated that the proposed methods have sure screening and ranking consistency properties. Finally, the results from simulation and real-dataset experiments show that in feature screening, the proposed methods investigated are robust in performance and faster in computational speed compared with an existing method.

利用AFW BPNN模型实现微博真伪信息识别

为更好地识别微博信息内容的真伪,提出了一种基于自适应特征权重(Adaptive Feature Weight,AFW)的反向传播神经网络(Backpropagation Neural Network,BPNN)多元特征信息识别模型,用于准确判断微博信息的真伪。该模型综合考虑了微博信息的文本特征、用户特征和传播特征,选取了文字长度、复制比等11个指标用于识别信息真假。利用自适应特征权重的方法将不同特征进行融合,以提高特征融合的效果。利用融合后的特征进行BPNN神经网络建模。实验结果表明,自适应特征权重—BPNN模型对微博信息真伪的识别率可达94.5%,具有良好的真伪信息识别效果。该研究可监控并及时发现虚假信息的传播,以提高应对突发事件的能力。

基于改进的YOLOv5安全帽佩戴检测算法

针对安全帽佩戴检测中存在的误检和漏检的问题,提出一种基于YOLOv5模型改进的安全帽佩戴检测算法。改进模型引入多尺度加权特征融合网络,即在YOLOv5的网络结构中增加一个浅层检测尺度,并引入特征权重进行加权融合,构成新的四尺检测结构,有效地提升图像浅层特征的提取及融合能力;在YOLOv5的Neck网络的BottleneckCSP结构中加入SENet模块,使模型更多地关注目标信息忽略背景信息;针对大分辨率的图像,添加图像切割层,避免多倍下采样造成的小目标特征信息大量丢失。对YOLOv5模型进行改进之后,通过自制的安全帽数据集进行训练检测,mAP和召回率分别达到97.06%、92.54%,与YOLOv5相比较分别提升了4.74%和4.31%。实验结果表明:改进的YOLOv5算法可有效提升安全帽佩戴的检测性能,能够准确识别施工人员的安全帽佩戴情况,从而大大降低施工现场的安全风险。

基于随机多权重TOPSIS法的目标威胁评估

在目标威胁评估问题中,为了解决目标各项特征权重选取可能存在主观决策误差的问题,提出了一种基于随机多权重TOPSIS法的空中目标威胁评估方法。基于层次分析法确定了各项特征之间的权重,对难以定量衡量的目标特性进行了特征提取,并基于随机多权重TOPSIS法将空中目标的威胁度进行了评估。仿真实例表明:随机多权重TOPSIS法威胁评估与AHP、TOPSIS方法排序一致,但给出了各目标威胁度的不确定范围,实验中不确定范围值最低为0.08%,最高为3.78%。战场指挥人员可以通过本文中提出的威胁度不确定性范围得到更多参考信息。

基于改进KNN算法的新能源发电单元运行状态识别

目前识别发电单元运行状态的研究较少,数据来源以数据采集与监控系统为主,采集速度较慢。为此,提出了一种基于发电单元机端电气量数据并融合改进k近邻(KNN)算法的新能源发电单元状态识别方法,直接采集机端电气量数据用于快速判断发电单元状态。提出KNN算法的改进策略,克服了传统KNN算法准确度低、识别速度慢的缺点。利用电力系统分析综合程序获取用于状态识别的发电单元机端电气量数据,利用改进策略对数据进行预处理,并对比传统KNN算法、逐条使用改进策略的KNN算法对新能源发电单元状态识别的耗时与准确度。结果表明所提算法较传统算法的识别准确度和速度明显提升,能满足稳定控制过程中对新能源发电单元的状态感知需求。

加权信息量支持下融合InSAR形变特征的滑坡易发性评价

使用SBAS-InSAR处理六盘水市水城区2018-07~2019-08共69景Sentinel-1A卫星影像,获取地表形变作为动态评价因子,用于完善传统滑坡易发性评价研究缺乏动态特征数据应用的问题。结果表明,使用10种静态评价因子融合InSAR形变特征数据作为动态评价因子,在耦合层次分析法与信息量法的加权信息量模型下对比仅使用静态特征数据,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.756 02和0.888 68,模型性能提升约13.3%;再将历史灾害点叠加于2种分区图下检验分区精度,相比于未融入形变特征,融入形变特征可纠正约12.44%的误分类区域,能较好地提升分区的可靠性。

基于改进DETR的机器人铆接缺陷检测方法研究

铆接作为铁道车辆结构件的主要连接方式,合格的铆接质量是车辆安全稳定运行的重要保证。针对现有铆接缺陷检测方法存在检测精度低、检测点位少、检测智能化水平不高等问题,提出一种基于改进DETR的机器人铆接缺陷检测方法。首先,搭建铆接缺陷检测系统,依次采集工件尺寸大、铆钉尺寸小工况下的铆接缺陷图像。其次,为了增强DETR模型在小目标中的图像特征提取能力和检测性能,以EfficientNet作为DETR中的主干特征提取网络,并将3-D权重注意力机制SimAM引入EfficientNet网络,从而有效保留图像特征层的镦头形态信息和铆点区域的空间信息。然后,在颈部网络中引入加权双向特征金字塔模块,以EfficientNet网络的输出作为特征融合模块的输入对各尺度特征信息进行聚合,增大不同铆接缺陷的类间差异。最后,利用Smooth L1和DIoU的线性组合改进原模型预测网络的回归损失函数,提高模型的检测精度和收敛速度。结果表明,改进模型表现出较高的检测性能,对于铆接缺陷的平均检测精度mAP为97.12%,检测速度FPS为25.4帧/s,与Faster RCNN、YOLOX等其他主流检测模型相比,在检测精度和检测速度方面均具有较大优势。研究结果能够满足实际工况中大型铆接件的小尺寸铆钉铆接缺陷实时在线检测的需求,为视觉检测技术在铆接工艺中的应用提供一定的参考价值。

试验环境水下声信号的特征提取方法

水下试验环境参数的反演是水声学研究领域的重要内容。而当前研究的关键是通过对水下声信号做特征提取从而获取参数信息。针对特征提取较难、模型很难拟合等问题。本文提出了一种试验环境水下声信号的特征提取方法。将水下声信号同时用梅尔频谱倒谱系数及线性预测系数处理,两者运用特征加权组合方法得到新的特征矩阵;再应用映射插值算法对特征矩阵进行处理,获得适应神经网络输入的三通道矩阵。本文选取的网络模型为残差神经网络。利用实验室所录制的对河口水库数据集测试表明,本文提出的特征提取方法普遍优于仅利用梅尔频谱倒谱系数或线性预测系数的特征处理方法。利用单频矩形脉冲信号对环境进行深度5分类,准确率平均提升2%。利用线性调频信号对环境进行深度5分类,准确率平均提升2.03%。本文提出的特征提取方法对线性调频信号在深度分类任务下处理的结果要优于单频矩形脉冲信号处理的结果。

基于双向加权特征融合网络的铸件内部缺陷检测方法

针对X射线无损探伤过程中铸件内部缺陷小、对比度弱、人工识别效率低等问题,提出了一种基于双向加权特征融合网络的铸件内部缺陷检测方法。在YOLOv5网络模型基础上引入改进的坐标注意力模块(NCA),以提高网络对不规则缺陷和小缺陷的学习能力;引入双向特征金字塔网络(BiFPN)代替原有路径聚合网络(PANet),以实现缺陷特征多尺度高效融合,并使用EIoU Loss回归损失函数提高缺陷边界框定位的精度。试验结果表明,本文所提方法对铸件内部小目标、弱对比度缺陷具有良好的检测性能。

基于ECM的多视图模糊聚类算法

目的传统聚类算法多属于单视图聚类的范畴,在数据结构形式日趋复杂的今天,单视图聚类越来越难以对数据集进行全面而准确的知识表达。特别地,虽然证据C-均值聚类算法的数据结构揭示能力比较突出,但是囿于单视图的算法设计,其对于数据集的综合描述能力较为薄弱。方法为解决该问题,提出一种基于证据C-均值聚类的多视图模糊聚类算法。该算法在信念函数的理论框架下形成凭证分区,然后计算各特征在不同视图下的权重,并将该权重赋予不同视角下的各个分区,从而生成最终的聚类结果。一方面扩展了硬划分、模糊划分和可能性划分的概念,可同时继承证据C-均值聚类算法和多视图模糊聚类的优点,挖掘不同视图下的有价值信息,另一方面能够根据视图重要程度自动分配权重,据此提高聚类准确率。结果为验证算法的聚类效果,在4个多视图数据集上与其他5种算法进行了对比实验,实验内容包括聚类准确率、聚类效率和参数分析3部分。实验结果表明,所提算法在准确率、F度量和标准化互信息3个量化指标上表现较好,说明在聚类准确率方面优于对比算法;在聚类效率上,除去在个别数据集上因迭代次数过多导致聚类时间略长外,总体接近于对比算法中的最优表现。结论这些表现进一步证明了所提算法在处理多视图数据集时的有效性。

基于改进YOLOv5s的轻量级绝缘子缺失检测

针对现有绝缘子缺失检测模型计算复杂度高和小目标难以检测等问题,提出一种基于改进的YOLOv5s轻量级检测模型。首先,移除主干网络中的C3模块来减少模型的参数量。其次,在多尺度特征融合网络中引入卷积块注意力机制来提高复杂背景下模型的特征提取能力。同时,采用加权双向特征金字塔网络结构对特征进行双向跨尺度加权融合,提升网络在遮挡物、相似目标干扰下目标的检测性能。最后,选用SIoU损失函数提升网络的收敛速度和检测精度。实验结果表明,所提模型的平均精准率为96.8%,浮点运算数为2.8 GFLOPS,而原始YOLOv5s在保证97.4%的平均精准率下的浮点运算数为16.3 GFLOPS。相较于原始模型,所提模型对小目标、遮挡目标以及模糊等场景有着较强的鲁棒性,且在保证近似检测精度的同时极大减少了计算量。

采用动态相关度权重的特征选择算法

基于互信息的特征选择算法在考虑候选特征提供的新分类信息时,通常忽略了候选特征的加入会使得已选特征和类标签的相关性发生变化而带来额外的新增信息量,以及在计算冗余信息时采用累加求和的形式可能导致低估候选特征的冗余程度。针对以上问题,提出动态相关度权重的定义,以更全面地考虑候选特征带来的新信息量成分;提出改进冗余项的定义,采用取最大值和归一化策略,以解决传统算法存在的低估冗余问题;在此基础上提出一种采用动态相关度权重的特征选择算法(feature selection using dynamic relevance weight,FSDRW)。选取五种当前主流的基于互信息的过滤式特征选择算法进行对比实验,在来自加州大学尔湾分校UCI和亚利桑那州立大学ASU的机器学习测试数据集上的实验表明,所提出的算法在分类准确率及综合性能方面具有较好的表现。最后将所提出算法应用于广西某水库工程的微震、爆破信号识别中,算法选取出的特征用于微震信号识别可达到98.86%的分类准确率,验证了算法在实际应用中的有效性。

基于整体与局部纹理特征加权融合的港机装备钢丝绳断丝缺陷检测研究

钢丝绳是港机装备的重要部件,由于作业工况环境恶劣,钢丝绳表面极易引起断丝等缺陷,影响港机装备作业安全。针对港机装备钢丝绳表面油泥严重、光照亮度不均,以及港机装备钢丝绳断丝缺陷能够在钢丝绳股顶钢丝椭圆形区域内有效体现的特点,提出了一种基于钢丝绳整体纹理特征与股顶钢丝椭圆形区域边缘轮廓纹理特征加权融合的钢丝绳断丝缺陷检测方法。首先采用图像降噪、增强、校正技术对钢丝绳原始图像进行预处理。然后采用图像平滑、阈值分割及边缘特征提取技术对股顶钢丝椭圆形区域边缘轮廓进行提取。接着采用局部二值模式(LBP)算子分别提取钢丝绳整体纹理特征与股顶钢丝椭圆形区域边缘轮廓纹理特征,并对钢丝绳整体纹理及边缘轮廓纹理特征进行特征加权融合。最后对加权融合后的特征向量进行主成分分析(PCA)法降维,并应用支持向量机(SVM)技术对钢丝绳断丝缺陷进行检测。研究结果表明:本文提出的方法对实际工况下重油泥、光照不均等钢丝绳断丝缺陷具有较好的检测效果,具有一定的工程应用价值。

基于改进YOLO算法的无人机图像草原火灾检测研究

草原火灾一旦发生,受风力、地势等因素的影响迅速向四周无规则蔓延,形成面积不断扩大的条状燃烧带。为了提高草原火灾检测效率,结合无人机拍摄草原火灾的图像特征,研究基于改进YOLO算法的草原火灾检测方法。首先,针对火灾区域狭长、火灾区域占比小的特点,对YOLO算法的Neck部分进行优化,提出一种具有全链接结构的特征提取网络FC-FP Neck,使语义特征和定位特征充分融合,提高网络的特征提取能力;其次,结合阈值分割技术提出一种改进的自适应加权损失函数,提升模型的收敛速度,同时解决火灾检测敏感度不足,容易造成误检的问题。在公开小目标检测数据集AI-TOD上测试改进算法的可行性,平均准确率提高了7.28%,平均精度提高了12.46%;在自建草原火灾数据集上平均精度达到了90.24%,平均准确率达到了87.33%。实验表明改进后的算法提高了草原火灾检测效率。