Early bacterial colonization and succession within the gastrointestinal tract have been suggested to be crucial in the development of host immunity.In this study,we have investigated the changes in live weight and con...Early bacterial colonization and succession within the gastrointestinal tract have been suggested to be crucial in the development of host immunity.In this study,we have investigated the changes in live weight and concentrations of selected serum parameters in relation to their fecal bacterial communities as determined by high throughput sequencing of the 16S r RNA gene over the same period in lambs.The results showed that lambs’growth performance,the serum parameters,fecal bacterial community and fecal bacterial functions were all affected(P<0.05)by age of the lambs.Similarity within age groups of fecal microbiota was lower in the preweaning period and increased sharply(P<0.05)after weaning at 60 days.The similarity between the samples collected from birth to 90 days of age and those collected at 120 days of age,increased(P<0.05)sharply after 30 days of age.Some age-associated changes in microbial genera were correlated with the changes in concentrations of immune indicators,including negative(P<0.05)correlations between the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae UCG-010,Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group,Ruminococcaceae UCG-005,Ruminococcaceae UCG-009,Ruminococcaceae UCG-013,Ruminiclostridium 6,Ruminococcaceae UCG-008,and Oscillibacter with serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),D-lactate dehydrogenase(DLA),immunoglobulin(IgA,IgM,and IgG),and cytokines(interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,IL-12,and IL-17),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and the relative abundance of these genera increased from 45 days of age.In conclusion,these results suggested that the age-related abundances of particular genera were correlated with serum markers of immunity in lambs,and there might be a critical window in the period from birth to 45 days of age which provide an opportunity for potential manipulation of the fecal microbial ecosystems to enhance immune function.展开更多
Background:Previous studies have evaluated the metabolic status of animals fed direct-fed microbial(DFM)using enzyme-based assays which are time-consuming and limited to a few metabolites.In addition,little emphasis h...Background:Previous studies have evaluated the metabolic status of animals fed direct-fed microbial(DFM)using enzyme-based assays which are time-consuming and limited to a few metabolites.In addition,little emphasis has been placed on investigating the effects of DFM on hindgut microbiota.We examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based DFM and fermentation products on the plasma concentrations of carbonyl-containing metabolites via a metabolomics approach,and fecal bacterial community,via 16S rRNA gene sequencing,of beef steers during a 42-day receiving period.Forty newly weaned steers were randomly assigned to receive a basal diet with no additive(CON;n=20)or a basal diet supplemented with 19 g of Commence™(PROB;n=20)for a 42-day period.Commence™(PMI,Arden Hills,MN)is a blend of 6.2×1011 cfu/g of S.cerevisiae,3.5×1010 cfu/g of a mixture of Enterococcus lactis,Bacillus subtilis,Enterococcus faecium,and Lactobacillus casei,and the fermentation products of these aforementioned microorganisms and those of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger.On d 0 and 40,rectal fecal samples were collected randomly from 10 steers from each treatment group.On d 42,blood was collected for plasma preparation.Results:A total number of 812 plasma metabolites were detected.Up to 305 metabolites[fold change(FC)≥1.5,FDR≤0.01]including glucose,hippuric acid,and 5-hydroxykynurenamine were increased by PROB supplementation,whereas 199 metabolites(FC≤0.63,FDR≤0.01)including acetoacetate were reduced.Supplementation of PROB increased(P≤0.05)the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae UCG-003,Megasphaera,Dorea,Acetitomaculum,and Blautia.In contrast,the relative abundance of Elusimicrobium,Moheibacter,Stenotrophomonas,Comamonas,and uncultured bacterium belonging to family p-2534-18B5 gut group(phylum Bacteroidetes)were reduced(P≤0.05).Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrated that supplementation of PROB altered both the plasma carbonyl metabolome towards increased glucose concentration suggesting an improved energy status,and fecal bacterial community,suggesting an increased hindgut fermentation of the beef steers.展开更多
Hospital wastewater represents an infectious and toxic risk to human health and the environment due to its contents. Most hospitals in developing countries, including Benin, do not have a wastewater treatment plant. I...Hospital wastewater represents an infectious and toxic risk to human health and the environment due to its contents. Most hospitals in developing countries, including Benin, do not have a wastewater treatment plant. In this study, the wastewater from two hospitals in northern Benin was characterized and then treated with Azadirachta indica leaves, Moringa oleifera and Luffa cylindrica seeds by coagulation/flocculation process. The wastewater characteristics showed that the collected samples are greatly polluted by organic matter and fecal bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus fecal and Total coliforms. Jar-test results revealed that 95.74%, 78%, 49.19% of turbidity, 51.35%, 38.32%, 22.19% of COD, 93.16%, 85.26%, 83.30% against Escherichia coli, 92.11%, 90.93%, 94.60% against total Coliforms and 99.37%, 91%, 99%, 55.07% against Enterococcus were removed from hospital wastewater using Moringa oleifera, Luffa cylindrica seed and Azadirachta indica leaves respectively at dose of 100 mg/L. The results highlighted that the natural coagulants could be successfully used for the removal of turbidity and fecal bacteria from hospital wastewater.展开更多
Objective:To select a common method of humanized mice and verify its feasibility with the aim to provide atheoretical basis for subsequent fecal bacteria transplantation research.Methods:1.Specific Pathogen Free(SPF)m...Objective:To select a common method of humanized mice and verify its feasibility with the aim to provide atheoretical basis for subsequent fecal bacteria transplantation research.Methods:1.Specific Pathogen Free(SPF)mice were fed with antibiotics mixed with sterilized drinking water for 3 weeks,during which the general situation of mice was recorded.After 3 weeks,the number of microbes in mice's feces was evaluated by Gram staining.2.After antibiotic treatment,mice were transplanted fecal bacteria by gavage for a week.Then,the contents of fecal bacteria in the donor and recipient feces was determined by RT-PCR,to evaluate the colonization effect of fecal bacteria.Results:(1)Antibiotic treatment had an effect on weight,feed and drinking water consumption of mice,and the fecal bacteria in mice decreased obviously.(2)After fecal bacteria transplantation,the Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes of the mice receiving Donor1 fecal bacteria accounted for 15.4%,112%and 13.7%of the mice receiving Donor2 fecal bacteria,respectively.The Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes of Donor1 fecal bacteria accounted for 33.7%,104%and 32%of Donor2,respectively.The recipient's gut microbes had the same trend as human donors.Conclusions:These results indicate that antibiotic treatment combined with fecal bacterial transplantation is feasible and safe for humanizing SPF mice.展开更多
In this study,cellulose and xylan were in vitro fermented by pig fecal bacteria.Rapid fermentation(40 h) and extended fermentation(eight weeks)were performed.The properties and ultra-structure changes of post-fermente...In this study,cellulose and xylan were in vitro fermented by pig fecal bacteria.Rapid fermentation(40 h) and extended fermentation(eight weeks)were performed.The properties and ultra-structure changes of post-fermented solid residues were studied.In the end effluent,acetic acid,propionic acid,and butyric acid were observed to be the principal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) produced by anaerobic fermentation.Xylan was more accessible to bacteria than cellulose,leading to higher SCFA and lactic acid production.In addition,the crystalline structure of cellulose changed,leading to 16.3% and42.1% increases in crystallinity index for rapid and extended fermentation,respectively.Through this research,a systematic and advanced method to study the degradation chemistry of cellulose and xylan during fermentation was developed.展开更多
The presence of Total coliform, Eschericha coli and enterococci were enumerated in the cattle farming areas of the Oconee Watershed using colilertTM and enterolertTM IDEXX plates, respectively. Microbial Source Tracki...The presence of Total coliform, Eschericha coli and enterococci were enumerated in the cattle farming areas of the Oconee Watershed using colilertTM and enterolertTM IDEXX plates, respectively. Microbial Source Tracking (MST) using Bacteroidales molecular markers for ruminant (RuBac) and human (HuBac) specific bacterial groups were used to determine the source of the fecal pollution in the watershed. In the cattle farming regions of the watershed higher levels of fecal bacteria were detected compared to the levels of fecal bacteria at the forested and residential sites. MST indicated that the cattle farming regions (except DC2) of the lake was impacted by fecal pollution from a ruminant source such as cattle. In addition, qPCR for the tuf gene of E. coli and the Stx2 gene that is commonly found in enterohemorragic E. coli O157:H7 were used to evaluate the presence of these bacteria in the study area. E. coli O157:H7 (Stx2 gene) was detected only in the beef cattle regions of the watershed. The presences of E. coli and Stx2 gene in the Oconee Watershed represent a potential public health risk because Lake Oconee and its tributaries are used for recreational activities as well as crop irrigation.展开更多
Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal micro...Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice.The results showed that HB(40%)significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and the area under the glucose tolerance curve,significantly increased insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice(P<0.05).Inflammatory factors and blood lipid indices were also significantly alleviated after 12 weeks of 40%HB intervention(P<0.05).Additionally,beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia,were significantly enriched in the gut of diabetic mice after whole grain HB intervention.Meanwhile,the results of further FMT experiments verified that the fecal microbiota after the 40%HB intervention not only significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia but also effectively improved glucose metabolism and alleviated the inflammatory state in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice.Collectively,our study confirmed the bridge role of gut microbiota in improving glucose metabolism of whole grain HB,which could promote the development of precision nutrition.展开更多
Probiotics administration can improve host health.This study aims to determine the effects of probiotics(Lactobacillus casei Zhang and Lactobacillus plantarum P-8) administration on milk production,milk functional com...Probiotics administration can improve host health.This study aims to determine the effects of probiotics(Lactobacillus casei Zhang and Lactobacillus plantarum P-8) administration on milk production,milk functional components,milk composition,and fecal microbiota of dairy cows.Variations in the fecal bacteria microbiota between treatments were assessed based on 16 S rRNA profiles determined by Pac Bio single molecule real-time sequencing technology.The probiotics supplementation significantly increased the milk production and the contents of milk immunoglobulin G(IgG),lactoferrin(LTF),lysozyme(LYS)and lactoperoxidase(LP),while the somatic cell counts(SCC) significantly decreased(P < 0.01).However,no significant difference was found in the milk fat,protein and lactose contents(P > 0.05).Although the probiotics supplementation did not change the fecal bacteria richness and diversity,significantly more rumen fermentative bacteria(Bacteroides,Roseburia,Ruminococcus,Clostridium,Coprococcus and Dorea) and beneficial bacteria(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) were found in the probiotics treatment group.Meanwhile,some opportunistic pathogens e.g.Bacillus cereus,Cronobacter sakazakii and Alkaliphilus oremlandii,were suppressed.Additionally,we found some correlations between the milk production,milk components and fecal bacteria.To sum up,our study demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics application in improving the quality and quantity of cow milk production.展开更多
目的:系统评价粪菌移植(FMT)治疗成人超重/肥胖病人的有效性与安全性。方法:对Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学数据库进行系统检索,检索时限为自建库起至2024年1月23日。按照纳入和...目的:系统评价粪菌移植(FMT)治疗成人超重/肥胖病人的有效性与安全性。方法:对Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学数据库进行系统检索,检索时限为自建库起至2024年1月23日。按照纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选和数据提取,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析及质量评价。结果:最终纳入8篇随机对照试验(RCT),共201名病人。Meta分析结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组能降低超重/肥胖成人病人的甘油三脂水平[MD=-0.25,95%CI:-0.44~-0.07,P <0.01],升高高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平[MD=0.09,95%CI:0.02~0.16,P=0.01]。但试验组和对照组身体质量指数(BMI)[MD=-0.77,95%CI:-1.56~0.03,P=0.06]、体质量[MD=1.24,95%CI:-5.43~7.91,P=0.71]、总胆固醇[MD=-0.2,95%CI:-0.55~0.15,P=0.26]、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)[MD=-0.05,95%CI:-0.51~0.41,P=0.83]、空腹血糖(FBG)[MD=0.01,95%CI:-0.14~0.16,P=0.91]及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)[MD=-0.05,95%CI:-0.23~0.13,P=0.58]比较,差异无统计学意义。FMT不良反应主要表现为胃肠道症状且均较轻。结论:FMT对成人超重/肥胖病人的BMI、体质量、总胆固醇、LDL、FBG及HbA1c水平无明显作用,仅对甘油三脂及HDL有一定改善,但在短期内相对安全。为阐明FMT在成人超重/肥胖中的作用,必须进行更多、样本量更大的研究。展开更多
Bacterial particle association has important consequences for water-quality monitoring and modeling. Particle association can change vertical and horizontal transport of bacterial cells, as well as patterns of persist...Bacterial particle association has important consequences for water-quality monitoring and modeling. Particle association can change vertical and horizontal transport of bacterial cells, as well as patterns of persistence and production. In this study, the abundance and particle association of total bacteria and the fecal-indicator, Enterococcus, were quantified between June and October 2008 in the lower Hudson River Estuary (HRE). Twelve sites were sampled, including mid-channel, near shore, and tributary habitats, plus a sewage outfall. Total bacterial cell counts averaged 9.2 × 109 ± 6.4 × 109 cell l–1 (1 standard deviation), comparable to previous sampling in the HRE. Unlike earlier studies, bacterial abundance did not change consistently along the north/south estuarine salinity gradient. Enterococcus concentrations were highly variable, but mid-channel stations had significantly lower values than other habitat categories. Counts of total bacteria and Enterococcus were both correlated with turbidity, which was also significantly lower at mid-channel stations. A larger fraction of Enterococci were associated with particles (52.9 ± 20.9%, 1 standard deviation) than in the pool of total bacteria (23.8 ± 15.0%). This high frequency of particle association, relative to total bacteria, could cause Enterococcus to be preferentially retained near input sources because of enhanced deposition to bottom sediments, where they would be available for later resuspension. In turn, retention and resuspension in nearshore environments may explain the observed cross-channel variability of turbidity and Enterococcus. Assessments and predictive models of estuarine water quality may be improved by incorporating cross-channel variability and the effects of particle association on key indicators.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is one of the most effective therapeutic options for patients with end-stage liver diseases, and gut microbiota is actively involved in potential infections in pretransplant and postt...BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is one of the most effective therapeutic options for patients with end-stage liver diseases, and gut microbiota is actively involved in potential infections in pretransplant and posttransplant patients. However, the diversity of gut microbiota and its relationship with the immune parameter of liver transplantation recipients are not well understood. METHODS: We collected fresh feces and blood samples from 190 participants in China from November 2004 to May 2008, including 28 healthy volunteers, 51 cirrhotic patients and 111 liver-transplanted patients. Six interesting gut bacteria, plasma endotoxin, serum cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6) and fecal secretory IgA (SIgA) were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR, chromogenic limulus amoebocyte assay, sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively. RESULTS: All Eubacteria, Bifidobacterium spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly lower in the liver transplantation recipients while Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus spp. were significantly higher (P<0.05). Except for Enterococcus spp., other bacteria showed a tendency to restore to normal level along with the time after liver transplantation. Plasma endotoxin, interleukin-6 and fecal SIgA in cirrhotic patients increased significantly, but not in liver transplantation recipients. Plasma endotoxin and interleukin-6 were negatively correlated with all Eubacteria and the Bacteroides-Prevotella group, while tumor necrosis factor alpha was not significantly correlated with these six gut bacteria in cirrhotic patients.CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that abundant gut bacteria were altered significantly in both cirrhotic and liver transplantation patients, while plasma endotoxin and interleukin-6 increased remarkably in cirrhotic patients, showing significant correlations with gut microbiota. Interestingly, our data show a tendency for these gut bacteria to restore to normal levels in liver transplantation recipients.展开更多
Fecal indicator bacteria, such as total coliforms and E. coli, are a challenge to control in urban and rural stormwater runoff. To assess the challenges of improving bacterial water quality standards in surface waters...Fecal indicator bacteria, such as total coliforms and E. coli, are a challenge to control in urban and rural stormwater runoff. To assess the challenges of improving bacterial water quality standards in surface waters, microcosm experiments were conducted to assess how decay rates of total coliforms and E. coli are affected by sediments and associated organic matter. Samples were collected at a lake embayment to create laboratory microcosms consisting of different combinations of unsterilized and sterilized water and sediment. Calculated first-order decay rate constants ranged from 0.021 to 0.047 h-1 for total coliforms and 0.017 and 0.037 h-1 for E. coli, depending on how each microcosm was prepared. It is evident that sediment in contact with the water column decreases bacteria decay rate, showing that care should be taken when designing stormwater treatment measures. In addition, high organic carbon content in the sediment temporarily increased bacteria concentrations in the water column. The results demonstrate that stormwater treatment measures, such as extended detention basins and constructed wetlands, must hold water for several days to allow for reduction of bacterial concentrations to acceptable levels. In addition, to troubleshoot detention basins and constructed wetlands for causes of high effluent bacterial concentrations, analyses of sediment, organic carbon, and water column depth should be conducted.展开更多
The Galveston Bay beach is a widely used recreational area that remains a concern in terms of water quality. There are many factors that contribute to its pollution such as fecal matter entering the bay due to overflo...The Galveston Bay beach is a widely used recreational area that remains a concern in terms of water quality. There are many factors that contribute to its pollution such as fecal matter entering the bay due to overflow of the sewage system and run offs. Thus, evaluating the water quality for fecal matter and other pollutants is continuously monitored by citizen scientists and research groups throughout the Galveston Bay. The investigation utilizes the colorimetric response of coliform at three test sites along the East Bay of Galveston. Each response is positive for coliform that may indicate the presence of fecal matter. Other scientists have denoted the presence of fecal matter in the Galveston Bay at two sites using enterococci indicator which may be more associated with human fecal matter. The analyses show that the recreational water is likely not a threat since its levels were low. However, the need for analyses based on EPA protocols and standards is necessary to better access water pollution due to fecal matter in the Galveston Bay area.展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-38)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2018YFD0502100)the Scientific Research Foundation of Hebei Agricultural University,China(YJ201825)。
文摘Early bacterial colonization and succession within the gastrointestinal tract have been suggested to be crucial in the development of host immunity.In this study,we have investigated the changes in live weight and concentrations of selected serum parameters in relation to their fecal bacterial communities as determined by high throughput sequencing of the 16S r RNA gene over the same period in lambs.The results showed that lambs’growth performance,the serum parameters,fecal bacterial community and fecal bacterial functions were all affected(P<0.05)by age of the lambs.Similarity within age groups of fecal microbiota was lower in the preweaning period and increased sharply(P<0.05)after weaning at 60 days.The similarity between the samples collected from birth to 90 days of age and those collected at 120 days of age,increased(P<0.05)sharply after 30 days of age.Some age-associated changes in microbial genera were correlated with the changes in concentrations of immune indicators,including negative(P<0.05)correlations between the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae UCG-010,Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group,Ruminococcaceae UCG-005,Ruminococcaceae UCG-009,Ruminococcaceae UCG-013,Ruminiclostridium 6,Ruminococcaceae UCG-008,and Oscillibacter with serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),D-lactate dehydrogenase(DLA),immunoglobulin(IgA,IgM,and IgG),and cytokines(interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,IL-12,and IL-17),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and the relative abundance of these genera increased from 45 days of age.In conclusion,these results suggested that the age-related abundances of particular genera were correlated with serum markers of immunity in lambs,and there might be a critical window in the period from birth to 45 days of age which provide an opportunity for potential manipulation of the fecal microbial ecosystems to enhance immune function.
基金The study was funded by PMI.Additional funding support was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture Evans-Allen project 1008985.
文摘Background:Previous studies have evaluated the metabolic status of animals fed direct-fed microbial(DFM)using enzyme-based assays which are time-consuming and limited to a few metabolites.In addition,little emphasis has been placed on investigating the effects of DFM on hindgut microbiota.We examined the effects of dietary supplementation of a blend of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based DFM and fermentation products on the plasma concentrations of carbonyl-containing metabolites via a metabolomics approach,and fecal bacterial community,via 16S rRNA gene sequencing,of beef steers during a 42-day receiving period.Forty newly weaned steers were randomly assigned to receive a basal diet with no additive(CON;n=20)or a basal diet supplemented with 19 g of Commence™(PROB;n=20)for a 42-day period.Commence™(PMI,Arden Hills,MN)is a blend of 6.2×1011 cfu/g of S.cerevisiae,3.5×1010 cfu/g of a mixture of Enterococcus lactis,Bacillus subtilis,Enterococcus faecium,and Lactobacillus casei,and the fermentation products of these aforementioned microorganisms and those of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger.On d 0 and 40,rectal fecal samples were collected randomly from 10 steers from each treatment group.On d 42,blood was collected for plasma preparation.Results:A total number of 812 plasma metabolites were detected.Up to 305 metabolites[fold change(FC)≥1.5,FDR≤0.01]including glucose,hippuric acid,and 5-hydroxykynurenamine were increased by PROB supplementation,whereas 199 metabolites(FC≤0.63,FDR≤0.01)including acetoacetate were reduced.Supplementation of PROB increased(P≤0.05)the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae UCG-003,Megasphaera,Dorea,Acetitomaculum,and Blautia.In contrast,the relative abundance of Elusimicrobium,Moheibacter,Stenotrophomonas,Comamonas,and uncultured bacterium belonging to family p-2534-18B5 gut group(phylum Bacteroidetes)were reduced(P≤0.05).Conclusions:The results of this study demonstrated that supplementation of PROB altered both the plasma carbonyl metabolome towards increased glucose concentration suggesting an improved energy status,and fecal bacterial community,suggesting an increased hindgut fermentation of the beef steers.
文摘Hospital wastewater represents an infectious and toxic risk to human health and the environment due to its contents. Most hospitals in developing countries, including Benin, do not have a wastewater treatment plant. In this study, the wastewater from two hospitals in northern Benin was characterized and then treated with Azadirachta indica leaves, Moringa oleifera and Luffa cylindrica seeds by coagulation/flocculation process. The wastewater characteristics showed that the collected samples are greatly polluted by organic matter and fecal bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus fecal and Total coliforms. Jar-test results revealed that 95.74%, 78%, 49.19% of turbidity, 51.35%, 38.32%, 22.19% of COD, 93.16%, 85.26%, 83.30% against Escherichia coli, 92.11%, 90.93%, 94.60% against total Coliforms and 99.37%, 91%, 99%, 55.07% against Enterococcus were removed from hospital wastewater using Moringa oleifera, Luffa cylindrica seed and Azadirachta indica leaves respectively at dose of 100 mg/L. The results highlighted that the natural coagulants could be successfully used for the removal of turbidity and fecal bacteria from hospital wastewater.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81703496)Hubei Medical College Fund Project(No.FDFR201615)Postgraduate Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hubei University of Medicine(No.YC2020027)。
文摘Objective:To select a common method of humanized mice and verify its feasibility with the aim to provide atheoretical basis for subsequent fecal bacteria transplantation research.Methods:1.Specific Pathogen Free(SPF)mice were fed with antibiotics mixed with sterilized drinking water for 3 weeks,during which the general situation of mice was recorded.After 3 weeks,the number of microbes in mice's feces was evaluated by Gram staining.2.After antibiotic treatment,mice were transplanted fecal bacteria by gavage for a week.Then,the contents of fecal bacteria in the donor and recipient feces was determined by RT-PCR,to evaluate the colonization effect of fecal bacteria.Results:(1)Antibiotic treatment had an effect on weight,feed and drinking water consumption of mice,and the fecal bacteria in mice decreased obviously.(2)After fecal bacteria transplantation,the Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes of the mice receiving Donor1 fecal bacteria accounted for 15.4%,112%and 13.7%of the mice receiving Donor2 fecal bacteria,respectively.The Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes of Donor1 fecal bacteria accounted for 33.7%,104%and 32%of Donor2,respectively.The recipient's gut microbes had the same trend as human donors.Conclusions:These results indicate that antibiotic treatment combined with fecal bacterial transplantation is feasible and safe for humanizing SPF mice.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31270638)
文摘In this study,cellulose and xylan were in vitro fermented by pig fecal bacteria.Rapid fermentation(40 h) and extended fermentation(eight weeks)were performed.The properties and ultra-structure changes of post-fermented solid residues were studied.In the end effluent,acetic acid,propionic acid,and butyric acid were observed to be the principal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) produced by anaerobic fermentation.Xylan was more accessible to bacteria than cellulose,leading to higher SCFA and lactic acid production.In addition,the crystalline structure of cellulose changed,leading to 16.3% and42.1% increases in crystallinity index for rapid and extended fermentation,respectively.Through this research,a systematic and advanced method to study the degradation chemistry of cellulose and xylan during fermentation was developed.
文摘The presence of Total coliform, Eschericha coli and enterococci were enumerated in the cattle farming areas of the Oconee Watershed using colilertTM and enterolertTM IDEXX plates, respectively. Microbial Source Tracking (MST) using Bacteroidales molecular markers for ruminant (RuBac) and human (HuBac) specific bacterial groups were used to determine the source of the fecal pollution in the watershed. In the cattle farming regions of the watershed higher levels of fecal bacteria were detected compared to the levels of fecal bacteria at the forested and residential sites. MST indicated that the cattle farming regions (except DC2) of the lake was impacted by fecal pollution from a ruminant source such as cattle. In addition, qPCR for the tuf gene of E. coli and the Stx2 gene that is commonly found in enterohemorragic E. coli O157:H7 were used to evaluate the presence of these bacteria in the study area. E. coli O157:H7 (Stx2 gene) was detected only in the beef cattle regions of the watershed. The presences of E. coli and Stx2 gene in the Oconee Watershed represent a potential public health risk because Lake Oconee and its tributaries are used for recreational activities as well as crop irrigation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101876)the Discipline ConstructionFood Science and Engineering(SPKX-202202)grants。
文摘Highland barley(HB)is a high-altitude cereal with rich nutritional components and potential health benefits.To clarify its hypoglycemic effect and mechanism,we investigated the effect of whole grain HB and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on glucose metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet and streptozotocin(HFD/STZ)-induced diabetic mice.The results showed that HB(40%)significantly decreased fasting blood glucose and the area under the glucose tolerance curve,significantly increased insulin secretion and improved insulin resistance in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice(P<0.05).Inflammatory factors and blood lipid indices were also significantly alleviated after 12 weeks of 40%HB intervention(P<0.05).Additionally,beneficial bacteria,such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia,were significantly enriched in the gut of diabetic mice after whole grain HB intervention.Meanwhile,the results of further FMT experiments verified that the fecal microbiota after the 40%HB intervention not only significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia but also effectively improved glucose metabolism and alleviated the inflammatory state in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice.Collectively,our study confirmed the bridge role of gut microbiota in improving glucose metabolism of whole grain HB,which could promote the development of precision nutrition.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-37)the Major Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region
文摘Probiotics administration can improve host health.This study aims to determine the effects of probiotics(Lactobacillus casei Zhang and Lactobacillus plantarum P-8) administration on milk production,milk functional components,milk composition,and fecal microbiota of dairy cows.Variations in the fecal bacteria microbiota between treatments were assessed based on 16 S rRNA profiles determined by Pac Bio single molecule real-time sequencing technology.The probiotics supplementation significantly increased the milk production and the contents of milk immunoglobulin G(IgG),lactoferrin(LTF),lysozyme(LYS)and lactoperoxidase(LP),while the somatic cell counts(SCC) significantly decreased(P < 0.01).However,no significant difference was found in the milk fat,protein and lactose contents(P > 0.05).Although the probiotics supplementation did not change the fecal bacteria richness and diversity,significantly more rumen fermentative bacteria(Bacteroides,Roseburia,Ruminococcus,Clostridium,Coprococcus and Dorea) and beneficial bacteria(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) were found in the probiotics treatment group.Meanwhile,some opportunistic pathogens e.g.Bacillus cereus,Cronobacter sakazakii and Alkaliphilus oremlandii,were suppressed.Additionally,we found some correlations between the milk production,milk components and fecal bacteria.To sum up,our study demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics application in improving the quality and quantity of cow milk production.
文摘Bacterial particle association has important consequences for water-quality monitoring and modeling. Particle association can change vertical and horizontal transport of bacterial cells, as well as patterns of persistence and production. In this study, the abundance and particle association of total bacteria and the fecal-indicator, Enterococcus, were quantified between June and October 2008 in the lower Hudson River Estuary (HRE). Twelve sites were sampled, including mid-channel, near shore, and tributary habitats, plus a sewage outfall. Total bacterial cell counts averaged 9.2 × 109 ± 6.4 × 109 cell l–1 (1 standard deviation), comparable to previous sampling in the HRE. Unlike earlier studies, bacterial abundance did not change consistently along the north/south estuarine salinity gradient. Enterococcus concentrations were highly variable, but mid-channel stations had significantly lower values than other habitat categories. Counts of total bacteria and Enterococcus were both correlated with turbidity, which was also significantly lower at mid-channel stations. A larger fraction of Enterococci were associated with particles (52.9 ± 20.9%, 1 standard deviation) than in the pool of total bacteria (23.8 ± 15.0%). This high frequency of particle association, relative to total bacteria, could cause Enterococcus to be preferentially retained near input sources because of enhanced deposition to bottom sediments, where they would be available for later resuspension. In turn, retention and resuspension in nearshore environments may explain the observed cross-channel variability of turbidity and Enterococcus. Assessments and predictive models of estuarine water quality may be improved by incorporating cross-channel variability and the effects of particle association on key indicators.
基金supported by the grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) (2007CB513003)Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology Bureau Project(2006C23017)
文摘BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is one of the most effective therapeutic options for patients with end-stage liver diseases, and gut microbiota is actively involved in potential infections in pretransplant and posttransplant patients. However, the diversity of gut microbiota and its relationship with the immune parameter of liver transplantation recipients are not well understood. METHODS: We collected fresh feces and blood samples from 190 participants in China from November 2004 to May 2008, including 28 healthy volunteers, 51 cirrhotic patients and 111 liver-transplanted patients. Six interesting gut bacteria, plasma endotoxin, serum cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6) and fecal secretory IgA (SIgA) were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR, chromogenic limulus amoebocyte assay, sandwich-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively. RESULTS: All Eubacteria, Bifidobacterium spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly lower in the liver transplantation recipients while Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus spp. were significantly higher (P<0.05). Except for Enterococcus spp., other bacteria showed a tendency to restore to normal level along with the time after liver transplantation. Plasma endotoxin, interleukin-6 and fecal SIgA in cirrhotic patients increased significantly, but not in liver transplantation recipients. Plasma endotoxin and interleukin-6 were negatively correlated with all Eubacteria and the Bacteroides-Prevotella group, while tumor necrosis factor alpha was not significantly correlated with these six gut bacteria in cirrhotic patients.CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that abundant gut bacteria were altered significantly in both cirrhotic and liver transplantation patients, while plasma endotoxin and interleukin-6 increased remarkably in cirrhotic patients, showing significant correlations with gut microbiota. Interestingly, our data show a tendency for these gut bacteria to restore to normal levels in liver transplantation recipients.
文摘Fecal indicator bacteria, such as total coliforms and E. coli, are a challenge to control in urban and rural stormwater runoff. To assess the challenges of improving bacterial water quality standards in surface waters, microcosm experiments were conducted to assess how decay rates of total coliforms and E. coli are affected by sediments and associated organic matter. Samples were collected at a lake embayment to create laboratory microcosms consisting of different combinations of unsterilized and sterilized water and sediment. Calculated first-order decay rate constants ranged from 0.021 to 0.047 h-1 for total coliforms and 0.017 and 0.037 h-1 for E. coli, depending on how each microcosm was prepared. It is evident that sediment in contact with the water column decreases bacteria decay rate, showing that care should be taken when designing stormwater treatment measures. In addition, high organic carbon content in the sediment temporarily increased bacteria concentrations in the water column. The results demonstrate that stormwater treatment measures, such as extended detention basins and constructed wetlands, must hold water for several days to allow for reduction of bacterial concentrations to acceptable levels. In addition, to troubleshoot detention basins and constructed wetlands for causes of high effluent bacterial concentrations, analyses of sediment, organic carbon, and water column depth should be conducted.
文摘The Galveston Bay beach is a widely used recreational area that remains a concern in terms of water quality. There are many factors that contribute to its pollution such as fecal matter entering the bay due to overflow of the sewage system and run offs. Thus, evaluating the water quality for fecal matter and other pollutants is continuously monitored by citizen scientists and research groups throughout the Galveston Bay. The investigation utilizes the colorimetric response of coliform at three test sites along the East Bay of Galveston. Each response is positive for coliform that may indicate the presence of fecal matter. Other scientists have denoted the presence of fecal matter in the Galveston Bay at two sites using enterococci indicator which may be more associated with human fecal matter. The analyses show that the recreational water is likely not a threat since its levels were low. However, the need for analyses based on EPA protocols and standards is necessary to better access water pollution due to fecal matter in the Galveston Bay area.
