Extruded soybean meal(ESBM) was evaluated as a protein source for partial replacement of fish meal(FM) in diets of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. In the control diet(Diet 1), FM protein was replaced with increasing di...Extruded soybean meal(ESBM) was evaluated as a protein source for partial replacement of fish meal(FM) in diets of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. In the control diet(Diet 1), FM protein was replaced with increasing dietary levels of ESBM(4.28%, 8.40%, 12.62%, 16.82%, and 25.26%) at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 60% levels(Diets 2 to 6, respectively). An eight-week feeding trial was conducted on 720 juvenile shrimp(0.67 g ± 0.01 g mean initial weight), and nutrient digestibility of the six diets was determined. ESBM could replace 20% of FM without causing a significant reduction in growth of shrimp, but other dietary treatments strongly affected whole body composition. Crude protein content of the whole body fed Diet 6 was significantly lower than that fed Diet 2(P < 0.05), while crude lipid content of the whole body fed Diet 5 or 6 was significantly higher than that fed Diet 2(P < 0.05). Protein digestibilities of Diets 5 and 6 were significantly lower than that of Diet 1(P < 0.05). Digestibility of lipids ranged from 96.97% in Diet 6 to 98.34% in Diet 3, whereas dry matter digestibility decreased with increasing replacement level. This study indicates that 20% FM replacement with ESBM in the basic diet containing 40% protein and 30% FM is optimal for juvenile L. vannamei.展开更多
A pilot scale modified step-feed process was improved to increase nutrient(N and P)and organic removal operations from municipal wastewater.It combined the step-feed process and a method named "University of Cape...A pilot scale modified step-feed process was improved to increase nutrient(N and P)and organic removal operations from municipal wastewater.It combined the step-feed process and a method named "University of Cape Town(UCT)".The effect of nutrient ratios and inflow distribution ratios were studied.The highest uptake efficiency of 95% for chemical oxygen demand(COD)has been achieved at the inflow distribution ratio of 40/35/25.However,maximum removal efficiency obtained for total nitrogen(TN)and phosphorus at 93% and 78%,respectively.The average mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)was 5500 mg·L^(-1).In addition,convenient values for dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration,and p H were obtained throughout different stages.The proposed system was identified to be an appropriate enhanced biological nutrient removal process for wastewater treatment plants owing to relatively high nutrient removal,sturdy sludge settle ability and COD removal.展开更多
In order to enhance phosphorus removal in traditional step-feed anoxic/oxic nitrogen removal process,a modified pilot-scale step-feed anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(SFA 2/O) system was developed,which combined a reactor simila...In order to enhance phosphorus removal in traditional step-feed anoxic/oxic nitrogen removal process,a modified pilot-scale step-feed anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(SFA 2/O) system was developed,which combined a reactor similar to UCT-type configuration and two-stage anoxic/oxic process.The simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacities and the potential of denitrifying phosphorus removal,in particular,were investigated with four different feeding patterns using real municipal wastewater.The results showed that the feeding ratios(Q1)in the first stage determined the nutrient removal performance in the SFA 2/O system.The average phosphorus removal efficiency increased from 19.17% to 96.25% as Q1 was gradually increased from run 1 to run 4,but the nitrogen removal efficiency exhibited a different tendency,which attained a maximum 73.61%in run 3 and then decreased to 59.62%in run 4.As a compromise between nitrogen and phosphorus removal,run 3 (Q1=0.45Qtotal) was identified as the optimal and stable case with the maximum anoxic phosphorus uptake rate of 1.58 mg·(g MLSS)-1 ·h-1.The results of batch tests showed that ratio of the anoxic phosphate uptake capacity to the aerobic phosphate uptake capacity increased from 11.96% to 36.85% with the optimal influent feeding ratio to the system in run 3,which demonstrated that the denitrifying polyP accumulating organisms could be accumulated and contributed more to the total phosphorus removal by optimizing the inflow ratio distribution.However,the nitrate recirculation to anoxic zone and influent feeding ratios should be carefully controlled for carbon source saving.展开更多
为早产儿尤其是极/超早产儿提供充足和均衡的营养是促进其正常生长发育和改善远期预后的物质基础,肠内营养是最佳的营养方式。既往系统回顾性分析显示使用基于循证医学的标准化喂养管理策略可有效促进全肠内喂养的建立,缩短肠外营养时间...为早产儿尤其是极/超早产儿提供充足和均衡的营养是促进其正常生长发育和改善远期预后的物质基础,肠内营养是最佳的营养方式。既往系统回顾性分析显示使用基于循证医学的标准化喂养管理策略可有效促进全肠内喂养的建立,缩短肠外营养时间,改善早产儿的营养结局,而不增加坏死性小肠结肠炎或死亡的发生风险。基于国内外相关研究,该共识制订组采用证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价方法(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation),从早产儿肠内营养的目标、过渡期的肠内营养、稳定生长期的肠内营养、肠内特殊营养素的补充及肠内营养的监测等5个方面提出20条推荐意见,旨在为相关从业人员提供早产儿肠内营养管理的建议,以改善早产儿的临床结局。展开更多
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201003020)the Guangdong University Innovation Talents Cultivating Project of China(1009324)+1 种基金the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation of China(S2012 040007863)by the Guangdong Province Universities and College Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme(GD UPS-2011)
文摘Extruded soybean meal(ESBM) was evaluated as a protein source for partial replacement of fish meal(FM) in diets of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. In the control diet(Diet 1), FM protein was replaced with increasing dietary levels of ESBM(4.28%, 8.40%, 12.62%, 16.82%, and 25.26%) at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 60% levels(Diets 2 to 6, respectively). An eight-week feeding trial was conducted on 720 juvenile shrimp(0.67 g ± 0.01 g mean initial weight), and nutrient digestibility of the six diets was determined. ESBM could replace 20% of FM without causing a significant reduction in growth of shrimp, but other dietary treatments strongly affected whole body composition. Crude protein content of the whole body fed Diet 6 was significantly lower than that fed Diet 2(P < 0.05), while crude lipid content of the whole body fed Diet 5 or 6 was significantly higher than that fed Diet 2(P < 0.05). Protein digestibilities of Diets 5 and 6 were significantly lower than that of Diet 1(P < 0.05). Digestibility of lipids ranged from 96.97% in Diet 6 to 98.34% in Diet 3, whereas dry matter digestibility decreased with increasing replacement level. This study indicates that 20% FM replacement with ESBM in the basic diet containing 40% protein and 30% FM is optimal for juvenile L. vannamei.
文摘A pilot scale modified step-feed process was improved to increase nutrient(N and P)and organic removal operations from municipal wastewater.It combined the step-feed process and a method named "University of Cape Town(UCT)".The effect of nutrient ratios and inflow distribution ratios were studied.The highest uptake efficiency of 95% for chemical oxygen demand(COD)has been achieved at the inflow distribution ratio of 40/35/25.However,maximum removal efficiency obtained for total nitrogen(TN)and phosphorus at 93% and 78%,respectively.The average mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS)was 5500 mg·L^(-1).In addition,convenient values for dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration,and p H were obtained throughout different stages.The proposed system was identified to be an appropriate enhanced biological nutrient removal process for wastewater treatment plants owing to relatively high nutrient removal,sturdy sludge settle ability and COD removal.
基金Supported by the Project of Beijing Science and Technology Committee (D07050601500000)the National Key Science and Technology Special Projects (2008ZX07317-007-105)
文摘In order to enhance phosphorus removal in traditional step-feed anoxic/oxic nitrogen removal process,a modified pilot-scale step-feed anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(SFA 2/O) system was developed,which combined a reactor similar to UCT-type configuration and two-stage anoxic/oxic process.The simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacities and the potential of denitrifying phosphorus removal,in particular,were investigated with four different feeding patterns using real municipal wastewater.The results showed that the feeding ratios(Q1)in the first stage determined the nutrient removal performance in the SFA 2/O system.The average phosphorus removal efficiency increased from 19.17% to 96.25% as Q1 was gradually increased from run 1 to run 4,but the nitrogen removal efficiency exhibited a different tendency,which attained a maximum 73.61%in run 3 and then decreased to 59.62%in run 4.As a compromise between nitrogen and phosphorus removal,run 3 (Q1=0.45Qtotal) was identified as the optimal and stable case with the maximum anoxic phosphorus uptake rate of 1.58 mg·(g MLSS)-1 ·h-1.The results of batch tests showed that ratio of the anoxic phosphate uptake capacity to the aerobic phosphate uptake capacity increased from 11.96% to 36.85% with the optimal influent feeding ratio to the system in run 3,which demonstrated that the denitrifying polyP accumulating organisms could be accumulated and contributed more to the total phosphorus removal by optimizing the inflow ratio distribution.However,the nitrate recirculation to anoxic zone and influent feeding ratios should be carefully controlled for carbon source saving.
文摘为早产儿尤其是极/超早产儿提供充足和均衡的营养是促进其正常生长发育和改善远期预后的物质基础,肠内营养是最佳的营养方式。既往系统回顾性分析显示使用基于循证医学的标准化喂养管理策略可有效促进全肠内喂养的建立,缩短肠外营养时间,改善早产儿的营养结局,而不增加坏死性小肠结肠炎或死亡的发生风险。基于国内外相关研究,该共识制订组采用证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价方法(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation),从早产儿肠内营养的目标、过渡期的肠内营养、稳定生长期的肠内营养、肠内特殊营养素的补充及肠内营养的监测等5个方面提出20条推荐意见,旨在为相关从业人员提供早产儿肠内营养管理的建议,以改善早产儿的临床结局。
