Electric vehicle(EV)is an ideal solution to resolve the carbon emission issue and the fossil fuels scarcity problem in the future.However,a large number of EVs will be concentrated on charging during the valley hours ...Electric vehicle(EV)is an ideal solution to resolve the carbon emission issue and the fossil fuels scarcity problem in the future.However,a large number of EVs will be concentrated on charging during the valley hours leading to new load peaks under the guidance of static time-of-use tariff.Therefore,this paper proposes a dynamic time-of-use tariff mechanism,which redefines the peak and valley time periods according to the predicted loads using the fuzzy C-mean(FCM)clustering algorithm,and then dynamically adjusts the peak and valley tariffs according to the actual load of each time period.Based on the proposed tariff mechanism,an EV charging optimization model with the lowest cost to the users and the lowest variance of the grid-side load as the objective function is established.Then,a weight selection principle with an equal loss rate of the two objectives is proposed to transform the multi-objective optimization problem into a single-objective optimization problem.Finally,the EV charging load optimization model under three tariff strategies is set up and solved with the mathematical solver GROUBI.The results show that the EV charging load optimization strategy based on the dynamic time-of-use tariff can better balance the benefits between charging stations and users under different numbers and proportions of EVs connected to the grid,and can effectively reduce the grid load variance and improve the grid load curve.展开更多
为系统梳理碳关税领域研究特征、研究热点与演进,弥补欧盟碳边境调节机制正式实施背景下该领域文献综述的空缺,使用CiteSpace可视化分析软件从中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science核心合集中筛选1998−2023年碳关税领域文献进行计量分析。结...为系统梳理碳关税领域研究特征、研究热点与演进,弥补欧盟碳边境调节机制正式实施背景下该领域文献综述的空缺,使用CiteSpace可视化分析软件从中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science核心合集中筛选1998−2023年碳关税领域文献进行计量分析。结果表明:①探讨的主要内容包括碳关税的属性与实质、合法性与可行性、经济与环境影响和应对措施,呈现学科交叉的特点,不同研究者从各自的立场出发做出了差异化评价与论述,但使用的主要方法相对一致,包括可计算一般均衡模型、全球贸易分析模型和博弈分析。②该领域受到了官方政府和权威期刊的较高关注,机构间研究合作较为频繁,而国家间合作总体较少,国内研究的影响力较弱。③碳关税领域的发展演变分为萌芽、波动和复兴三个阶段。④领域内热点更迭较快,其中,碳边境调节机制突现强度最高,是整个学科知识转化与焦点转移的重要桥梁;碳中和、世贸组织规则和欧洲绿色新政等关键词是当前研究的前沿热点。后续研究可从关注政策最新设计和国际谈判动态、聚焦发展中国家利益和公平正义指标、以全球化视角综合考虑碳关税政策多维度影响以及从微观层面研究企业行为反应机制、加强国际合作与交流、创新多元化研究方法等方面展开。展开更多
基金Key R&D Program of Tianjin,China(No.20YFYSGX00060).
文摘Electric vehicle(EV)is an ideal solution to resolve the carbon emission issue and the fossil fuels scarcity problem in the future.However,a large number of EVs will be concentrated on charging during the valley hours leading to new load peaks under the guidance of static time-of-use tariff.Therefore,this paper proposes a dynamic time-of-use tariff mechanism,which redefines the peak and valley time periods according to the predicted loads using the fuzzy C-mean(FCM)clustering algorithm,and then dynamically adjusts the peak and valley tariffs according to the actual load of each time period.Based on the proposed tariff mechanism,an EV charging optimization model with the lowest cost to the users and the lowest variance of the grid-side load as the objective function is established.Then,a weight selection principle with an equal loss rate of the two objectives is proposed to transform the multi-objective optimization problem into a single-objective optimization problem.Finally,the EV charging load optimization model under three tariff strategies is set up and solved with the mathematical solver GROUBI.The results show that the EV charging load optimization strategy based on the dynamic time-of-use tariff can better balance the benefits between charging stations and users under different numbers and proportions of EVs connected to the grid,and can effectively reduce the grid load variance and improve the grid load curve.
文摘为系统梳理碳关税领域研究特征、研究热点与演进,弥补欧盟碳边境调节机制正式实施背景下该领域文献综述的空缺,使用CiteSpace可视化分析软件从中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science核心合集中筛选1998−2023年碳关税领域文献进行计量分析。结果表明:①探讨的主要内容包括碳关税的属性与实质、合法性与可行性、经济与环境影响和应对措施,呈现学科交叉的特点,不同研究者从各自的立场出发做出了差异化评价与论述,但使用的主要方法相对一致,包括可计算一般均衡模型、全球贸易分析模型和博弈分析。②该领域受到了官方政府和权威期刊的较高关注,机构间研究合作较为频繁,而国家间合作总体较少,国内研究的影响力较弱。③碳关税领域的发展演变分为萌芽、波动和复兴三个阶段。④领域内热点更迭较快,其中,碳边境调节机制突现强度最高,是整个学科知识转化与焦点转移的重要桥梁;碳中和、世贸组织规则和欧洲绿色新政等关键词是当前研究的前沿热点。后续研究可从关注政策最新设计和国际谈判动态、聚焦发展中国家利益和公平正义指标、以全球化视角综合考虑碳关税政策多维度影响以及从微观层面研究企业行为反应机制、加强国际合作与交流、创新多元化研究方法等方面展开。