Morphodynamics and sediment connectivity index in an unmanaged,debris-flow prone catchment:a through time perspective

Torrential processes are among the main actors responsible for sediment production and mobility in mountain catchments.For this reason,the understanding of preferential pathways for sediment routing has become a priority in hazard assessment and mitigation.In this context,the sediment Connectivity Index(IC)enables to analyse the existing linkage between sediment sources and the selected target(channel network or catchment outlet).The IC is a grid-based index that allows fast computation of sediment connectivity based on landscape information derived from a single Digital Terrain Model(DTM).The index computation is based on the log-ratio between an upslope and a downslope component,including information about drainage area,slope,terrain roughness,and distance to the analysis target(e.g.outlet).The output is a map that highlights the degree of structural connectivity of sediment pathways over analysed catchments.Until now,these maps are however rarely used to help defining debris-flow hazard maps,notably due to a lack of guidelines to interpret the IC spatial distribution.This paper proposes an exploitation procedure along profiles to extract more information from the analysis of mapped IC values.The methodology relies on the analysis of the IC and its component variables along the main channel profile,integrated with information about sediment budgeting derived from Difference of DEMs(DoD).The study of connectivity was applied in the unmanaged sub-catchment(without torrent control works)of the Rio Soial(Autonomous Province of Trento–NE Italy)to understanding the geomorphic evolution of the area after five debris flows(in ten years)and the related changes of sediment connectivity.Using a recent DTM as validation,we demonstrated how an IC analysis over the older DTM can help predicting geomorphic changes and associated hazards.The results show an IC aptitude to capture geomorphic trajectories,anticipate debris flow deposits in a specific channel location,and depict preferential routing pathways.

The atom-bond connectivity index of chemical bicyclic graphs

The atom-bond connectivity（ABC） index provides a good model for the stability of linear and branched alkanes as well as the strain energy of cycloalkanes,which is defined as ABC（G） =∑ uv∈E（G） √d u＋dv-2 dudv,where du denotes the degree of a vertex u in G.A chemical graph is a graph in which no vertex has degree greater than 4.In this paper,we obtain the sharp upper and lower bounds on ABC index of chemical bicyclic graphs.

Quantitative Correlation between Group Connectivity Index and Property of Flotation Reagent

Topological method is applied firstly to calculate the group connectivity indexes of some flotation reagents for sulfide minerals and oxide minerals. The study reveals that some properties of flotation reagents, such as group electronegativity, energy criterion, solubility product of chemicals and maximum wavelength of ultraviolet absorbency, have linear correlation with the first order group connectivity index (GCI) of polar group, and the related coefficients are all larger than 0.900. The GCI can be used to characterize the structure of groups, and is a sort of new effective structural parameter to study the quantitative structure activity relationship of flotation reagents.

Definition and Application of Topological Index Based on Bond Connectivity

Bond connectivity topological index S i based on chemical bonds was defined by using a matrix method.And S i is formed by atomic parameters such as the number of valence electrons,the number of the highest main quantum of atoms and the bonding electrons and bond parameters such as the length of bonds,the electronegativity difference of bonding atoms.The molecular bond connectivity topological index S is composed of S i.The thermodynamic properties of saturated hydrocarbons,unsaturated hydrocarbons,oxygen organic,methane halide and transitional element compounds and the molecular bond connectivity topological index S have an optimal correlative relationship.

On Eccentric Connectivity Index and Polynomial of Thorn Graph

The eccentric connectivity index based on degree and eccentricity of the vertices of a graph is a widely used graph invariant in mathematics. In this paper we present the explicit generalized expressions for the eccentric connectivity index and polynomial of the thorn graphs, and then consider some particular cases.

Calculation of topological connectivity index for minerals

Topological method was applied firstly to calculate the topological connectivity index of minerals (TCIM). The reciprocal of effective atomic refractivity of metal element in minerals was chosen as its valence. The reasonability of TCIM as an activity criterion was tested through comparison of TCIM with two kinds of electronegativity parameter, i.e. ionic percentage and energy criteria of Yang’s electronegativity, solubility product, energy criterion according to the generalized perturbation theory and adsorption of flotation reagents on the surface of minerals. The results indicated that TCIM is an effective structural parameter of minerals to study the structure activity relationship. In addition, different mineral is of different TCIM value, so TCIM brings about convenience in comparison of flotation activity for minerals.

Study on Landscape Pattern Index-based Connectivity Analysis of the Primary Farmland Protection Zones

Farmland and primary farmland protection are important contents of land management and land use planning of China. In the new round of land use planning and database construction, primary farmland protection zones are required to have high integrity and connectivity. Using landscape pattern indexes, the integrity and connectivity of primary farmland protection zones was studied in Licheng District of Jinan City. The results showed that, except patch area standard deviation, the other indexes including average patch area, patch area variation coefficient, patch edge density, largest patch index, and mean euclidean nearest-neighbor, all indicate high connectivity of primary farmland protection zones after layout adjustment. A simple and convenient method for identifying the integrity and connectivity of primary farmland protection zones was supplied.

ANALYSIS OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS FIVE CONNECTIVITY INDEX

Located at the crossroads to Belt and Road connecting the continent and the sea, Southeast Asian countries are at the junction of some of the world’s most important sea routes. As the first countries to rally around the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative, Southeast Asian countries have been key partners and top priorities in construction of the Belt and Road promoted by China. After years of steady progress, China and Southeast Asian countries have secured great achievements in Belt and Road construction to enhance connectivity. According to a census conducted by a subject group, the overall performance of Southeast Asian countries ranked first compared to the other regions along the Belt and Road in 2017. Some countries in ASEAN region are seeing major improvements.

图的Sum-connectivity指标与其无符号拉普拉斯谱半径

设G=(V,E)为简单连通图.图G的Sum-connectivity指标被定义为χ(G)=Σuv∈E(G)2/√d_(u)+d_(v),其中d_(u)表示顶点u的度.用q(G)表示图G的无符号拉普拉斯谱半径.本文研究了χ(G)与q(G)之间的关系,证明了对于所有顶点数n≥3的简单连通图G,都有q(G)/χ^(2)(G)≤n^(2)/(n-1)^(2)等式成立当且仅当G■S_(n).

Spatial connectivity and distribution of landscape type in the natural secondary forests of eastern mountainous region,northeast China——a case study of Mao'ershan region in Heilongjiang Province

Mao'ershan region is representative in the natural secondary forested region of the eastern mountainous region, northeast China. The landscape nearest neighbor index and landscape connectivity index were calculated with ARC/INFO software for Mao'ershan region. The spatial distribution of the landscape of the region was analyzed. The results showed that the landscape connectivity index of non-woodland was significantly higher than that of woodland. The landscape connectivity index of natural forest was nearly equal to zero, which means its fragmentation degree is high. The nearest neighbor index of plantation was lower than that of natural forest and non-forestland. Among the man-made forests, the distance index of the coniferous mixed plantation is the lowest, and its pattern is nearly glomeration. The landscape pattern of natural forest presented nearly random distribution. Among non-forest land, the distance index of cut blank was the lowest, and its pattern was also nearly glomeration. Keywords Landscape type - Landscape pattern - Nearest neighbor index - Landscape connectivity index - Natural secondary forest - Northeast China CLC number S759.92 Document code A Foundation item: This paper was supported by the Key Project of State Department of Science Technology (2002BA515B040).Biography: LI SHu-juan (1977), female. Lecture in Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

Optimal Deployment Patterns for k-Coverage and k-Connectivity 3D WSNs in Underground Tunnel

In this paper,we first model the mining structure as a arched shape in terms of the tunnel geometry.Based on the regularly placement of nodes in that model,a set of deployment patterns for seamless coverage and k-connectivity is proposed,i.e.1-and 2-connectivity.Further,we figure out the maximum horizontal distance of tangent plane to determine the placement of nodes for k-coverage（k=1,2）.Besides,the mathematical relations between the communication radius and the sensing radius are derived,when the network keeps k-coverage（k=1,2） and k-connectivity（k=2,3） under certain regularity constrains for various patterns.Finally,we demonstrate the optimality of several approaches that we have proposed in the aspect of energy consumption and network lifetime.

Abnormal Basal Ganglia Functional Connectivity in Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

The basal ganglia have been implicated in a modulation role in idiopathic generalized epilepsy （IGE） by an invasive electrophysioigic means. This paper investigates the basal ganglia functional connectivity by using the region-wise functional connection analysis in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） in IGE. The increased functional connectivity within basal ganglia, and between the basal ganglia and the thalamus, and decreased functional connectivity between basal ganglia and motor cortex are found in IGE compared with the controls. These findings not only implicate dysfunctional integration in the motor loop in IGE and the enhanced interaction in the modulated loop, but also suggest that the basal ganglia modulate the generalized epileptic discharges with the influence over thalamus in the corticothalamus network.

On the maximal eccentric connectivity indices of graphs

For a connected simple graph G, the eccentricity ec（v） of a vertex v in G is the distance from v to a vertex farthest from v, and d（v） denotes the degree of a vertex v. The eccentric connectivity index of G, denoted by ξC（G）, is defined as ∑vЕV（G） d（v）ec（v）. In this paper, we will determine the graphs with maximal eccentric connectivity index among the connected graphs with n vertices and m edges（n ≤ m ≤ n ＋ 4）, and propose a conjecture on the graphs with maximal eccentric connectivity index and m edges （m ≥ n ＋ 5）. among the connected graphs with n vertices

Topological Aspects of Dendrimers via Connection-Based Descriptors

Topological indices(TIs)have been practiced for distinct wide-ranging physicochemical applications,especially used to characterize and model the chemical structures of various molecular compounds such as dendrimers,nanotubes and neural networks with respect to their certain properties such as solubility,chemical stability and low cytotoxicity.Dendrimers are prolonged artificially synthesized or amalgamated natural macromolecules with a sequential layer of branches enclosing a central core.A present-day trend in mathematical and computational chemistry is the characterization of molecular structure by applying topological approaches,including numerical graph invariants.Among topological descriptors,Zagreb connection indices(ZCIs)have much importance.This manuscript involves the establishment of general results to calculate ZCIs,namely first ZCI(FZCI),second ZCI(SZCI),third ZCI(TZCI),modified FZCI,modified SZCI and modified TZCI of two special types of dendrimers nanostars,namely,poly propylene imine octamin(PPIO)dendrimer and poly(propyl)ether imine(PPEtIm)dendrimer.Furthermore,we provide the numerical and graphical comparative analysis of our calculated results for both types of dendrimers with each other.

An Adaptive Parameter-Free Optimal Number of Market Segments Estimation Algorithm Based on a New Internal Validity Index

An appropriate optimal number of market segments(ONS)estimation is essential for an enterprise to achieve successful market segmentation,but at present,there is a serious lack of attention to this issue in market segmentation.In our study,an independent adaptive ONS estimation method BWCON-NSDK-means++is proposed by integrating a newinternal validity index(IVI)Between-Within-Connectivity(BWCON)and a newstable clustering algorithmNatural-SDK-means++(NSDK-means++)in a novel way.First,to complete the evaluation dimensions of the existing IVIs,we designed a connectivity formula based on the neighbor relationship and proposed the BWCON by integrating the connectivity with other two commonly considered measures of compactness and separation.Then,considering the stability,number of parameters and clustering performance,we proposed the NSDK-means++to participate in the integrationwhere the natural neighbor was used to optimize the initial cluster centers(ICCs)determination strategy in the SDK-means++.At last,to ensure the objectivity of the estimatedONS,we designed a BWCON-based ONS estimation framework that does not require the user to set any parameters in advance and integrated the NSDK-means++into this framework forming a practical ONS estimation tool BWCON-NSDK-means++.The final experimental results showthat the proposed BWCONand NSDK-means++are significantlymore suitable than their respective existing models to participate in the integration for determining theONS,and the proposed BWCON-NSDK-means++is demonstrably superior to the BWCON-KMA,BWCONMBK,BWCON-KM++,BWCON-RKM++,BWCON-SDKM++,BWCON-Single linkage,BWCON-Complete linkage,BWCON-Average linkage and BWCON-Ward linkage in terms of the ONS estimation.Moreover,as an independentmarket segmentation tool,the BWCON-NSDK-means++also outperforms the existing models with respect to the inter-market differentiation and sub-market size.

基于电成像的孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层连通性评价

碳酸盐岩储层非均质性强,孔隙结构复杂,相较于常规碎屑岩储层,其孔隙度、渗透率关系的规律及特征不明显。碳酸盐岩储层的连通性与孔洞特征具有强相关性,且连通性是影响储层渗透率的重要因素,因此,对碳酸盐岩孔洞连通性的评价是孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层评价的关键问题。以伊拉克东南部B油田FQ-1井M组MB21亚油组孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层为例,基于地层微电阻率扫描成像(FMI)测井的高分辨率动态图像,利用最大类间方差算法(OTSU)进行二次迭代分割,识别电成像图像孔洞;根据8连通域标记法标记连通孔洞;提取每个连通孔洞的特征孔径、内部最长通道距离、内部最长通道与水平方向夹角、平均通道宽度这4个几何参数,最终构建孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层连通指数。连通指数在伊拉克东南部B油田FQ-1井M组MB21亚油组孔洞型碳酸盐岩储层的应用表明,利用此方法建立的连通指数与FQ-1井碳酸盐岩储层岩心渗透率相关系数达0.8437,并且连通指数曲线的趋势符合岩心渗透率在储层不同深度的分布情况,证明了连通指数可以指示储层孔隙结构较好、溶蚀孔洞发育的深度段,并可以划分储层中连通性较好的深度区间,该参数对于寻找碳酸盐岩储层渗透层具有重要意义。

基于相对联系数的区域水利高质量发展评价指标体系筛选方法

为综合判断在区域水利高质量发展目标、发展途径、发展条件相互作用下区域水资源-经济社会-生态环境复合系统不断协同优化的系统高质量发展水平状态,构建了由发展目标、发展途径和发展条件3个子系统组成的区域水利高质量发展初步评价指标体系。为定量分析初步评价指标体系的专家咨询信息,根据专家指标排序合理性模糊关系的取值区间特点提出了相对联系数,用相对联系数的平均集对势估计各专家指标排序合理性的权重,进而可得各指标重要性的专家综合排序值,据此筛选初步评价指标体系,构建了基于相对联系数的区域水利高质量发展评价指标体系筛选方法(SM-RCN)。SM-RCN在陕西省的应用结果表明:筛选后的指标体系汇聚了各专家对区域水利高质量发展主要影响指标的综合评判;SM-RCN可克服评价指标体系构建过程缺乏定量分析依据的不足,可识别不同专家、同一专家对不同评价方面的指标排序合理性的程度。该筛选方法在区域水利现代化、水资源空间均衡、水资源承载力等评价指标体系构建过程中具有应用前景。

基于强乘积运算下图的广义和连通度指标上下界

对于图G,令E(G)表示G的边集,令V(G)表示G的点集,d_(G)(v)表示v的度。对于边e=uv,定义广义和连通度指标χ_(α)(e)=(d_(G)(u)+d_(G)(v))^(α),其中α为任一实数。本文先介绍了图的S,R,Q,T四种运算,然后给出了四种运算下的强乘积,并利用最大度最小度确定了其四种图的广义和连通度指标的上下界。

组合八邻域跟踪算法监测全闪电雷暴活动时空演变过程及特征

雷暴是威胁电力系统安全可靠运行的重要因素,监测雷暴活动可以为电力系统雷电防护提供雷暴活动路径及预警信息。该文提出一种组合八邻域雷暴跟踪算法及跟踪结果评估指标,并采用该算法对珠三角地区九次雷暴活动进行时空演变特征分析和定量评估。结果表明,九个雷暴活动共识别出大于18 min的轨迹1490条,其中简单轨迹和含分裂合并过程的复杂轨迹各占一半。雷暴活动平均速度为51.4 km/h,速度中值为43.0 km/h,简单轨迹平均速度比复杂轨迹慢。评估指标命中率(POD)、虚假警报率(FAR)和临界成功指数(CSI)分别为64.3%、40.4%和42.7%,轨迹时长中值、平均轨迹偏差、非连贯性和平均合并分裂次数分别为24 min、2.80 km、0.0327 s^(-1)和2.51次。该方法可以很好地描述雷暴活动时空演变过程和评估跟踪结果,为雷电预警提供了有效手段。

攻击方式动态不确定条件下网络连接性能分析

在给定的网络中,由于用户接入的随机性,容易造成网络设备的损毁或网络性能下降。首先分析合法用户与非法用户在给定网络中的接入机制,接着提出了基于非法用户随机出现和随机消亡条件下的用户接入模型。经过迭代计算用户的接入数目与设备的损毁数目,计算得到网络的连接指数。最后通过仿真验证,给出不同影响因素下用户的接入性能和连接指数变化情况。仿真结果表明,非法用户的最终接入直接影响网络连接指数,网络设备的可连接数目对连接性能的影响程度较大。