Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Risks in Female Sex Workers in the China-vietnam Border County of Hekou

Objective To survey the prevalence and risk factors of HSV-2 among Chinese and Vietnamese female sex workers (FSW) in the border county of Hekou, Yunnan Province, China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on demographics, sexual behavior, medical history, and drug use among FSWs. Laboratory samples were obtained to test for HSV-2 and other STIs such as HIV, Syphilis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Bacterial vaginosis, and Yeast infections. Cervicitis and genital warts were also diagnosed. Results Of the 345 FSWs who participated in this study, 112 (32.5%) were ethnic Chinese and 233 (67.5) were Vietnamese. Among FSWs in Hekou, the prevalence rates were 58.3% for HSV-2, 5.5% for HIV, and 4.1% for bacterial vaginosis (BV). Age <21 (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8), duration of commercial sex work ≤3 months (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.8), oral and vaginal sex with the last client (as opposed to only vaginal sex) (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.7), HIV (OR: 11.4; 95% CI: 1.5, 87.2), and bacterial vaginosis (BV) (OR: 5.6; 95% CI: 1.2, 26.9) were significantly correlated with HSV-2 infection. Conclusion Multivariate analysis showed that several factors were significantly correlated with the high prevalence of HSV-2 in FSWs in the border area between China and Vietnam. Further studies and interventions are needed for HSV-2 epidemiology in the border area.

HIV-infected Female Sex Workers High Risk Behavior and Attitude Changes in Kaiyuan City, Yunnan Province, China

Objective To investigate the attitude and sexual behavior status and change among HIV positive female workers in entertainment sites in Kaiyuan city, Yunnan province, China. The key information should be applied in the integrated intervention program in future. Methods A cohort survey among HIV positive female workers was conducted during 12 months, between 2010 and 2012. All the risk sexual behavior and attitude were collected for assessment for the potential secondary transmission to sexual partners. Results Of 99 HIV positive women who sell sex in Kaiyuan city, 99 participated in the survey at baseline, 80, 80, 75, and 75 at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-ups. The percentage of participants who reported consistently used condoms in the last one month ranged between 94.5% and 95.5%. The client volume in the last one month, income per sex and age group were significant related with non-insistent condom use with their clients. Conclusion It was suggested that integrated intervention program package should include 100 percent condom use promotion for the HIV positive FSW with all sexual partners, and also, include socially support involved.

Reported Willingness and Associated Factors Related to Utilization of Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services by Female Sex Workers in Shandong Province,China

Objective To explore reported willingness and factors associated with utilization of voluntary counseling and testing services by female sex workers (FSWs) in China and to offer recommendations to optimize use of such services.Methods A questionnaire to explore willingness to use VCT was designed based on social ecological theory and formative qualitative research.A cross-sectional survey was conducted among FSWs from entertainment venues.Single and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to examine factors associated with reported willingness to utilize VCT.Results A total of 970 FSWs provided valid questionnaires,with 69% (669) expressing willingness to utilize VCT.Factors at the interpersonal level associated with reported willingness included knowledge about VCT,desire to get help if diagnosed as HIV positive,ability to imagine life after an HIV positive diagnosis,and perceived support for VCT from peers,managers,and family members.Availability of free antiretroviral (ARV) treatment represented a factor at policy level.Other factors included intention to leave sex work in the near future,having had a previous HIV test,and lack of a suspected STD history.Conclusions The rate of reported willingness to use VCT among FSWs was substantially higher than that of actual VCT utilization (11%).The next step is to explore the connection between reported willingness and actual use.Based on these findings,peer education,VCT knowledge dissemination,and free ARV treatment should be emphasized to increase FSWs' willingness to use VCT.

Female Sex Workers and Their Association with Self-Help Groups in Thane, Maharashtra, India: A Comparative Analysis in the Context of HIV Program Outcome

Objectives: Understanding the role of Self-Help Group (SHG) in light of the evolving dynamics of sex work needs to be delved into to strategize HIV interventions among FSWs in India. This paper aims to study the HIV program outcome among the FSWs associated with SHGs and FSWs not associated with SHGs in Thane, Maharashtra. Study Design: This cross-sectional study was undertaken from the Behavioral Tracking Survey (BTS) conducted among 503 FSWs in Thane in 2015. Two-stage probability based conventional sampling was done for selection of brothel and bar based FSWs, while Time Location Cluster (TLC) sampling was done for home, lodge and street based sex workers. Methods: Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to compare and contrast between FSWs associated with SHG and those not associated with SHG with respect to the utilization of HIV related services by them. “Condom use”, “consistent condom use”, “contact with peer-educators”, “counseling sessions” and “HIV testing” were chosen as indicators on HIV service utilization. Results: 8% (38) of FSWs are registered with SHG;92% aged ≥25 years, 47% illiterate, and 71% are currently married. The likelihood of utilizing HIV services including, knowledge on HIV/AIDS and its mode of transmission (OR: 5.54;CI: 1.87 - 16.60;p Conclusions: Considering the improved HIV program outcomes among FSWs associated with SHG, HIV interventions among FSWs could consider facilitating the formation of SHGs with FSWs as one of the key strategies to empower the community for ensuring better program outcomes.

Impact of an HIV Prevention Intervention on HIV Risk Behavior and Sexually Transmitted Infection among Female Sex Workers in Tamil Nadu, India

Background: In 2003 a large-scale HIV prevention program was launched for key populations in six high HIV prevalence states of India. This paper assesses the effect of exposure to the intervention on condom use with commercial clients and experiences of sexually transmitted infection (STI) among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tamilnadu, a southern Indian state, between 2006 and 2009. Methods: Data were drawn from two rounds of cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2006 (N = 2010) and 2009 (N = 2500) among FSWs in Tamilnadu, recruited through probability-based sampling. A series of multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between exposure to the intervention and change over time with condom use and self-reported STI. All the analyses were performed using STATA 11.1. Results: Overall, 48% of FSWs in 2006 and 90% in 2009 reported exposure to the intervention. Compared to 2006, there was a considerable increase in the proportion of FSWs reporting consistent condom use with regular and occasional clients at follow-up (2009). Further, the increase in consistent condom use over time with occasional (adjusted OR = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.47 - 5.05) and regular clients (adjusted OR = 4.97, 95% CI: 3.43 - 7.16) was significantly higher among FSWs exposed to the intervention than those not exposed. Additionally, a significant decline was observed in self-reported STI overtime among FSWs exposed to the intervention compared to their counterparts (adjusted OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.26 - 0.59). Conclusion: The HIV prevention program in Tamilnadu resulted in increased consistent condom use and a decrease in self-reported STI among FSWs exposed to intervention. These findings suggest that HIV prevention programs should aim to saturate coverage among key populations to sustain the gains achieved.

Prevalence of HBsAg and Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus among Female Sex Workers in Bangui

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a public health problem. Sex workers remain a vulnerable group. Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBsAg and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody transport among female sex workers (FSW) in Bangui. Patients and Methods: All FSW carriers of HBsAg and/or anti-HCV Antibodies were collected in a 6-month cross-sectional analytical study. The HBsAg research used the Monolisa HBsAg® (BioMérieux®) technique, sandwich ELISA. HCV serology consisted of the search for anti HCV antibodies by monolisa HCV (BioMérieux®), Elisa of the sandwich type. HIV serology used two Elisa tests (Genscreen® and Vironostika®). Data analysis was done using Epi Info 3.5.1 software. The Chi2 test was used for comparison with a significance level p < 0.05. Results: Among the 345 FSW enrolled, 41 (11.9%) were carriers of HBsAg and 3 (0.8%) had anti HCV antibodies. The mean age was 21.3 years in HBsAg-positive FSW and 25 years in FSW with anti-HCV antibodies. FSW with HBsAg engaged in informal trade (n = 17), prostitution in bars or on the street (n = 15) and prostitution in the city (n = 9). On the other hand, the 3 FSW carrying anti-HCV antibodies were engaged in prostitution in the city. The 41 FSW HBsAg positive and 304 FSW HBsAg negative had at least 3 sexual partners. Anal penetration during sexual intercourse was acknowledged by 20 FSW carrying HBsAg and 101 FSW HBsAg negative (p = 0.0518). Among the 3 FSW (0.8%) carrying anti-HCV antibodies, 2 were carrying HBsAg. HIV serology was positive in 66FSW (19.13%) including 15 FSW coinfected with HIV/HBV (p = 0.0025). Conclusion: The prevalence of hepatitis B is high among FSW. Awareness and prevention action must be taken in favor of this key population.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and HTLV-1 &2 among Female Sex Workers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Background: Herpes Simplex Virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection is one of the most common worldwide sexually transmitted and female sex workers are most at risk for these infections. Beside HSV-2, Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is one of these infections with a high risk of sexual transmission. HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukaemia and myelopathy. Little is known about the HSV-2, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections among female sex workers in West Africa in general, and particularly in Burkina Faso. The aim of this study aimed to estimate HSV-2 and HTLV-1/2 seroprevalence among female sex workers, in Ouagadougou in order to inform HIV prevention programs. Methods: Archived sera samples of a biological and behavioral cross-sectional study among female sex workers (FSWs) in Ouagadougou were tested for HSV-2 and HTLV-1/2. Sera samples collected from February to May 2013 were previously tested for HIV and syphilis and stored with participants’ additional consent for further infection testing. Antibodies against HSV-2 and HTLV-1/2 detection tests were performed using Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) methods. Results: HSV-2 seroprevalence was approximately 75.7% (95% CI: 70.8-79.9) among FSWs. It ranged from 69.3% among FSWs under 24 years of age, to 88.5% among those who were at least 30 years old. Furthermore, HSV-2 seroprevalence was high among FSW with no formal education (87.7%) and decreased significantly among those with at least primary education (76.0%) and others with secondary education and above (64.9%). Regarding HTLV-1/2, 11.2% (95% CI: 8.3 - 15.1) of FSWs were positive. By age group, 11.8% were positive among FSWs under 25 years of age;15.2% among those 25 to 29 years of age, and 5.8% among those over 30 years of age. Conclusion: HSV-2 and HTLV-1&2 infections are common among FSWs, which confirms the need for effective and preventive interventions such as sex education and early screening.

Impact of TI Programmes Intervention under National AIDS Control Programme among Female Sex Workers in India: Evidence from Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey, 2014-15

Background: A better understanding of the impact of Targeted Interventions (TI) services on Female Sex Worker (FSW) behaviours can help in informing and strengthening future TI efforts under National AIDS Control Programme (NACP). Methods: National Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey (IBBS) 2014-15 has been analysed in the paper. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to understand factors affecting condom use. Propensity score matching (PSM) was done to understand the impact of the TI services on condom use at the last act and consistent condom use in the last three months among FSWs. Results: Younger FSWs aged 15 - 25 years were 1.4 times (95% CI: 1.04 - 1.77) more likely to use consistent condoms in the last three months compared to older over 45 years after controlling for other socio-economic and programme variables. The matched samples estimate ATET i.e. the average treatment effect on treated for consistent condom use in the last three months shows that a 6.0% (CI: 4.7 - 7.3) increase in consistent condom use in the last three months in the FSWs who received information on STI/HIV from peer educator and outreach worker. There is also a 6.0% (4.7 - 7.2) increase in condom use in the last act for FSWs who received the referral services at STI clinics, HIV testing, and detox centres. Conclusions: It is evident that the TI programme has a positive impact on behavior change among FSWs which can prove beneficial to curtail the spread of HIV to the partners and onward transmission to the general population.

STUDY ON HIV/STDS KNOWLEDGE AND RISK BEHAVIORS RELATED FACTORS AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN SHANGHAI,CHINA

Objective To assess the HIV/STDs knowledge and risk behaviors related factors among female sex workers(FSWs)in Shanghai,China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 districts(including 3 suburbs and 2 urban districts).A total of 324 FSWs from 88 massage parlors and hair-beauty salons participated in the survey.An interviewer-administrated questionnaire was used to collect information.Results The average score of HIV/STDs knowledge was 15.2±3.9.Multivariate analyses indicated that limited education [odds ratio(OR):8.6,95% confidence interval(CI):2.9-25.6],coming from suburbs [odds ratio(OR):3.7,95% confidence interval(CI):2.0-6.8],monthly income less than 1500 RMB(220 US$)[odds ratio(OR):3.9,95% confidence interval(CI):1.9-8.1],without HIV/STDs-related education experience(OR:5.2,95% CI:2.8-9.5),and coming from provinces of low epidemic(OR:2.7,95% CI:1.1-6.6)were significant predictors of lower HIV/STDs knowledge.And 29.5% FSWs had sex without a condom when clients paid much more money,and 46.3% had the experience of condom broke or slipped during commercial sexual intercourse.Conclusion Health promotion should be conducted to enhance HIV/STDs knowledge and reduce risk behaviors among FSWs from suburbs with limited education in Shanghai especially.

HIV/AIDs Risk Perception and Sexual Behavior among Commercial Female Sex Worker in Thailand

Background: Commercial female sex workers (CFSWs) are considered a high-risk group for HIV/AIDs. The prevalence of HIV/AIDs trends to increase among those groups also in Thailand. An adequate perception of the degree to which one is at risk of having HIV is necessary for behavioral change and of safe behaviors. HIV/AIDs risk perception among CFSWs was needed to reduce HIV/AIDs infection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 141 CFSWs in Bangkok, Thailand. Participants were selected using convenient and purposive sampling methods for January to October 2019. Self-access questionnaire was used for collecting data with the reliability testing of 0.82. Logistic regression employed to identify adjusted odd ratio between demographic data, sexual behaviors and HIV/AIDs risk perception, p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 51.77% of CFSWs perceived themselves at high risk for HIV/AIDs infection. Most CFSWs reported that they did not consistently use condom (57.45%), factors associated with perception risk of HIV/AIDs including education level (adjusted OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.07 - 4.54), knowledge of HIV and STDs (adjusted OR = 3.65 and 3.22. 95% CI = 1.89 - 3.91), Condom use (adjusted OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.05 - 2.90) years engaged in sex work, age of initiating in sex work, frequency of sex work in the last month and unplanned sex work were significant with risk perception of HIV/AIDs (adjusted OR = 3.33, 2.71, 2.67, 2.56 and 95% CI = 1.99 - 3.84, 1.72 - 3.32, 1.29 - 3.12, 1.05 - 2.78 respectively), and had HIV/STDs test (adjusted OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.11 - 3.95). Other used illicit drugs by injection, smoking and alcohol consumption had a strong association with the high perception of HIV/AIDs among CFSWs. Conclusion: Majority of CFSWs with risky sexual behaviors had a high HIV/AIDs risk perception. Effective educational programmes are necessary to enable CFSWs to correctly assess their own HIV/AIDs risk and change risk behaviors based on self-assessment of actual risk.

A community-based comprehensive intervention to reduce syphilis infection—among low-fee female sex workers in China:a matched-pair,community-based randomized study

Background:Low-fee female sex workers(FSWs)are at high risk of acquiring and spreading human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)in China.There is an urgent need to develop comprehensive intervention measures targeted towards low-fee FSWs to reduce HIV/STD infections.Thus,this study aimed to reduce HIV/STD infections among low-fee FSW through a matched-pair,comiDunity-based randomized intervention trial carried out in 12 cities in three provinces in China.Methods:Four cities from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,four from Yunnan Province,and four from Hunan Province were paired and participants received either the intervention package(including condom promotion,HIV and syphilis testing,reimbursement for syphilis treatment costs,and free anti-retroviral therapy or the current standard of care.Venue-based,convenience sampling was used to recruit FSWs.A face-to-face interview and HIV and syphilis blood testing was conducted at baseline and follow-up intervals of 24 months.Generalized linear mixed models(GLMM)were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention package on reducing HIV/STD infection in the FSWs.Results:A total of 1024 eligible FSWs were enrolled in the baseline survey and 843 in the follow-up.GLMM results showed that syphilis infeaion was reduced by 49%in the intervention group compared to the current standard of care group(P=0.0378,OR=0.51;95%CI:0.27-0.96).FSWs aged 35 years or older were 2.38 times more likely to get syphilis infection compared to those younger than 35 years old(P<0.0001,OR=2.38,95%CI:1.55-3.65).The risk of syphilis infection among more educated FSWs was 0.43 times less than those with lower levels of education(P<0.05,OR=0.43,95%CI:0.63-0.93).Conclusions:This study demonstrates that comprehensive interventions can lead to significant declines in syphilis infection amongst low-tier FSWs.Integrating both behavioral and biomedical intervention measures should be considered when developing programs for low-fee FSWs.Trial registration:CHiCTR-TRC-12002655.

Correlates of HIV self-testing among female sex workers in China: implications for expanding HIV screening

Background:Human immunodefciency virus(HIV)self-testing may help improve test uptake among female sex workers.China has implemented many HIV self-testing programs among men who have sex with men,creating an opportunity for promotion among female sex workers.However,there is a limited literature on examining HIV selftesting among female sex workers.This study aimed to examine HIV self-testing experiences and its determinants among female sex workers in China.Methods:A venue-based,cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese female sex workers in 2019.Participants completed a survey including social-demographic characteristics,sexual behaviors,and HIV self-testing history,the distribution of which were analyzed using descriptive analysis.Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify associations with HIV self-testing.Results:Among 1287 Chinese female sex workers,1072(83.3%,95%confdence interval[CI]81.2-85.3%)had ever tested for HIV,and 103(8.0%,95%CI 6.6-9.6%)had ever used HIV self-testing.More than half reported that the selftest was their frst HIV test(59.2%,61/103),around one-ffth reported HIV self-testing results infuenced the price of sex(21.4%,22/103).A minority of individuals reported ever experiencing pressure to undertake HIV self-testing(6.8%,7/103).After adjusting for covariates,HIV self-testing was positively associated with receiving anal sex in the past month(adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=2.2,95%CI 1.4-3.5),using drugs before or during sex(aOR=2.8,95%CI 1.8-4.5),injecting drugs in the past 6 months(aOR=2.6,95%CI 1.2-6.0),being diagnosed with other sexually transmitted infections(aOR=1.6,95%CI 1.0-2.5),tested for other sexually transmitted infections in the past six months(aOR=3.4,95%CI 2.1-5.5),ever tested in the hospital(aOR=3.4,95%CI 2.0-5.6),and ever tested in the community(aOR=1.5,95%CI 1.2-1.9).Conclusions:Our fndings suggest that HIV self-testing could expand overall HIV testing uptake,increase HIV testing frequency,reach sub-groups of high-risk female sex workers and has limited potential harms among female sex workers.HIV self-testing should be incorporated among Chinese female sex workers as a complement to facility-based HIV testing services.

2016—2021年广西某市女性性工作者梅毒感染情况及影响因素分析

目的分析广西某市2016—2021年女性性工作者(Female sex workers,FSWs)梅毒感染情况及其影响因素,为防控策略提供依据。方法使用《国家艾滋病哨点监测FSW调查问卷》开展调查,用ELISA和RPR/TRUST检测梅毒感染情况,运用二元Logistic回归分析梅毒感染的影响因素。结果本次共调查3564人,总体梅毒感染率为5.61%。2016年梅毒检出率为8.85%,小学及以下文化程度的梅毒感染率为8.49%,低档性交易场所工作的FSWs梅毒感染率为11.75%,前一个工作地点位于外地的FSWs梅毒检出率为8.81%,HIV阳性感染者的梅毒感染率为13.85%。多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥35岁(AOR=1.989,95%CI:1.276~3.102)的FSWs相比于年龄<35岁更有可能感染梅毒;相比于中/高档次的性交易场所,在低档次场所工作(AOR=3.477,95%CI:2.444~4.945)的FSWs更具有感染梅毒的风险(P<0.05)。结论广西某市FSWs人群的梅毒感染率与年龄、文化程度、性交易场所的档次等因素有关。相关部门须加强对年龄大于35岁、低文化程度、低档次场所工作的FSWs人群的性病干预,降低广西某市FSWs人群的梅毒感染率。

Risk factors of sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Republic of Korea

Background:Female sex workers(FSW)who live in urban areas in Republic of Korea have a particularly high risk of sexually transmitted diseases(STD).We investigated the prevalence of s STDs in FSWs in order to determine the factors associated with sexually transmitted infections in Korea.Methods:Study data were collected from 832 FSWs through a 2014 survey on the prevalence of STDs in high risk populations in Republic of Korea.We assessed the associations between sexually transmitted infections and demographic and risk behaviour variables through logistic regression analysis.Results:The risk probability of sexually transmitted infection was higher for those who drank alcohol often as well as those who had their first sexual experience at an early age.However,the effects of these factors were attenuated by working conditions.The risk probability of sexually transmitted infections was higher for those who engaged in sex with several customers per day as well as for those who did not practice regular condom use.Conclusions:The risk factors for sexually transmitted infections among FSWs in Republic of Korea are related to and affected by working conditions.Thus,multifaceted health interventions to protect FSWs and their sexual health are deemed necessary.

Sexual Behavior and Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Street-Based Female Sex Workers in the Florence Area, Central Italy

Objective:Street-based female sex workers are more likely to practice unprotected sex with multiple partners increases their risk of infection with sexually transmitted diseases.This study was performed to evaluate the understanding of and risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases among street-based female sex workers.Methods:A survey consisted of a sociodemographic section and a health section was conducted from June to August in two consecutive years(2012-2013)using an anonymous questionnaire compiled by street-based female sex workers in the area of Florence(Central Italy).A descriptive analysis of sociodemographic,epidemiological,and anamnestic variables was performed using common methods for proportions;associations between variables were assessed using univariate and bivariate logistic regression.Results:Totally 122 street-based female sex workers(mean age,24.1 years;age range,17-45 years)were enrolled,and were from Europe(63.1%)(mainly from Romania[48.4%]and Albania[13.1%]),Africa(31.2%)(specifically Nigeria),and South America(5.7%).Of the 122 street-based female sex workers,63%were married/engaged and 37%were single.More than half had been living in Italy and Florence for more than 1 year;72.8%stated that they possessed a residence permit and the others were illegal migrants.Eighteen(15%)street-based female sex workers also worked in the industry in neighboring European countries.Their level of education was generally high:58.1%had completed secondary school(lower secondary school and upper secondary school).A total of 81.4%stated that they perceived an actual fear of contracting human immunodeficiency virus;in fact,43.3%had never been tested for any sexually transmitted diseases except for human immunodeficiency virus.Conclusion:Despite the long-time involvement of street-based female sex workers in the commercial sex industry,the large numbers of clients and a strong perception of concerns about sexually transmitted diseases.This study confirms a low rate of condom use and blood screening,and corresponding science education and health screening efforts need to be strengthened in this high risk population.

Heightened risk of unintended pregnancy among sex workers and sex worker organizations’response during the stringent COVID-19 containment measures in East and Southern Africa

The UNFPA 2022 State of the World Population(SWOP)report recognises that certain populations of young women and girls are at a higher risk of unintended pregnancy,but did not adequately address the grave situation of female sex work­ers(FSWs),who experience the worst sexual and reproductive health outcomes,especially during humanitarian crises.This study assesses the risks of unintend­ed pregnancy among FSWs and sex worker organizations?response during the stringent COVID-19 containment measures in East and Southern Africa(ESA).A mixed-methods approach consisting of a desk review,key informant interviews and an online survey was used for data collection.Key informants and survey re­spondents included representatives of sex worker-led organisations and networks,organisations providing services to sex workers,development partners,advocacy organisations and donors,with priority given to key informants who had direct experience of providing services to sex workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.In total,21 key informants were interviewed and 69 respondents participated in the online survey,with representation from 14 out of 23 countries in the ESA region.The study findings show that the disruption to livelihoods and threats to human rights occasioned by the stringent COVID-19 containment measures intersected with sex workers’access to contraception and risk of unintended pregnancy.Look­ing to the uncertain future of humanitarian crises,the study concludes by outlining critical issues that need to be addressed to ensure resilience of SRHR services for populations in vulnerable positions,such as sex workers.

北京市东城区娱乐场所女性性工作者艾滋病和丙肝防治知识知晓率及其影响因素

目的了解北京市东城区娱乐场所女性性工作者(FSW)艾滋病和丙肝防治知识知晓情况,探讨其影响因素,为艾滋病和丙肝知识宣教工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,调查收集FSW艾滋病知晓情况、丙肝晓情况、高危行为等信息,采集静脉血检测人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)。结果共调查271人,艾滋病知识知晓率为92.98%,低档场所FSW艾滋病知晓率(88.37%)低于中档场所FSW艾滋病知晓率(95.13%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);丙肝知识知晓率54.61%,低档场所FSW丙肝知晓率(44.18%)低于中档场所FSW艾滋病知晓率(59.45%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);最近1个月与客人发生性行为,低档场所坚持每次使用安全套率(70.93%)低于中档场所坚持每次使用安全套率(88.11%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。检出HIV阳性率为0.00%,HCV阳性率为0.74%。结论北京市东城区低中档娱乐场所FSW艾滋病、丙肝相关知识知晓率较低,尤其低档场所防治艾滋病、丙肝知识水平偏低,安全意识薄弱,安全套使用率低,应继续加强高危人群健康教育,提高其自我保护意识。

云南省暗娼人群生殖道沙眼衣原体基因型分析

目的 了解云南省暗娼人群中生殖道沙眼衣原体(chlamydia trachomatis,CT)的亚型分布情况及流行病学特征。方法 2020年结合艾滋病哨点监测开展生殖道沙眼衣原体调查,收集生殖道沙眼衣原体核酸阳性样本374例,使用巢式PCR扩增CT的OmpA基因区并进行分析。结果 在173个成功获得序列的样本中,共检测出7种基因型,其中以E型、F型、J型和D型为主要基因型,分别占24.9%(43/173)、21.4%(37/173)、19.1%(33/173)、17.9%(31/173),其他包括G型(9.3%,16/173)、K型(4.6%,8/173)和H型(2.9%,5/173)。不同型别之间在调查地区、户籍、是否为边境州(市)、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、样本来源和场所档次等特征上差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 云南省暗娼人群中存在多种的CT亚型,其分布在主要的人口学特征上无差异,可为进一步控制CT的传播提供指导,也可为将来治疗和疫苗研究提供基础信息。