Association of cancer prevention awareness with esophageal cancer screening participation rates: Results from a population-based cancer screening program in rural China

Objective: : China have implemented population-based esophageal cancer(EC) screening programs, however,the participant rates were relatively low. This study was conducted to examine the association between cancer prevention knowledge and EC screening participation rates(PRs).Methods: : Data in the analyses were obtained from a population-based cancer screening program in four provinces in China since 2007. In the course of 2007-2016, participants who were evaluated as high risk for EC and subsequently recommended for endoscopy examination were included in the final analysis. One-way analysis of variance test, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied.Results: : A total of 28,543 individuals assessed as high-risk population for EC were included in this study, with13,036 males(45.67%) and 15,507 females(54.33%). The prevalence rates of current smoking and alcohol drinking were higher in males(58.25% and 44.22%, respectively) than in females(5.35% and 4.05%, respectively).Participants of females, and those who had older age, lower income, as well as higher education level and cancer prevention knowledge level were more likely to undergo endoscopy. Multivariable analysis showed that higher cancer prevention knowledge was associated with higher PR for endoscopic screening [adjusted odd ratio(aORQ4/Q1) =1.511, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 1.398-1.632] among our study subjects. This association between cancer prevention knowledge and compliance with endoscopic screening also tends to be strong within subgroups of males, females, aged below 60 years, aged 60 years and above, and lower level of education(illiterate individuals and those with junior high education or less).Conclusions: : Our results displayed a positive relationship between cancer prevention knowledge and PRs for endoscopic screening, implying cancer prevention awareness being an independent influence factor for compliance with EC screening. Promoting public campaigns about comprehensive knowledge of cancer prevention seemed to be a reasonable and effective strategy to improve population PRs for EC screening.

National Lottery Participation and Expenditure： Evidence from Hainan Province in China

Lottery has already been broadly used by countries to raise funds to construct the public organizations, but its function is decided by the rate of participation and expenditure levels. Using the lottery investigation data from Hainan Province, this paper analyzes the factors affecting the rate of participation and expenditure in Hainan Province by applying Probit and Tobit Model. It shows that factors such as gender, marriage, education level, attitude and the social environment have distinct influence on the individual lottery participation and expenditure decisions. Therefore, lottery is a restricted rational behavior affected by psychological and social environment variables. Publicity may play an important role in our country＇s lottery policy. Moreover, lottery policy in China should implement a development strategy which requires adjustment in product pattem and promotion approach.

Comparative analysis of breast and lung cancer survival rates and clinical trial enrollments among rural and urban patients in Georgia

Objectives:Rural patients have poor cancer outcomes and clinical trial(CT)enrollment compared to urban patients due to attitudinal,awareness,and healthcare access differential.Knowledge of cancer survival disparities and CT enrollment is important for designing interventions and innovative approaches to address the stated barriers.The study explores the potential disparities in cancer survival rates and clinical trial enrollments in rural and urban breast and lung cancer patients.Our hypotheses are that for both cancer types,urban cancer patients will have longer 5-year survival rates and higher enrollment rates in clinical trials than those in rural counties.Methods:We compared breast and lung cancer patients’survival rates and enrollment ratios in clinical trials between rural(RUCC 4-9)and urban counties in Georgia at a Comprehensive Cancer Center(CCC).To assess these differences,we carried out a series of independent samples t-tests and Chi-Square tests.Results:The outcomes indicate comparable 5-year survival rates across rural and urban counties for breast and lung cancer patients,failing to substantiate our hypothesis.While clinical trial enrollment rates demonstrated a significant difference between breast and lung cancer patients at CCC,no significant variation was observed based on rural or urban classification.Conclusion:These findings underscore the need for further research into the representation of rural patients with diverse cancer types at CCC and other cancer centers.Further,the findings have considerable implications for the initiation of positive social change to improve CT participation and reduce cancer survival disparities.

Global Value Chain Participation and Firms'Responses to Exchange Rate Fluctuations

Greater participation in global value chains(GVCs)has highlighted the impact of exchange rate shocks on international trade.This paper examines how such participation influences firms'responses to exchange rate movements,focusing on the relationship between firms'pricing and value-added in exports.This study,using detailed Chinese firm-level data,demonstrates that firms with a high degree of GVC participation reacted to currency appreciation by lowering their export prices more substantially and reducing their export volumes less.This is mainly attributable to the"cost-hedging effect"within the marginal cost channel and the"pricing inhibition effect"within the markup channel.By categorizing export firms by trade models and product types,this study further demonstrates that processing trade firms at the low end of the value chain and those with low product differentiation were more inclined to absorb exchange rate shocks.This study adds to the existing theoretical framework and provides strong evidence for China in deepening GVC integration and supporting the development of high-quality export firms.

Transition from Demographic Dividend to Reform Dividend:——Simulation of China's Potential Growth Rate

Due to diminishing demographic dividend characterized by a falling workingage population and rising dependency ratio, China's long-term potential growth rates will keep declining, likely to be a mere 6.6% during the 13 th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020). China's economic growth sustainability hinges upon its transition from the previous dependence on demographic dividend to the future reform dividend. In the growth accounting equation, we have simulated various reform initiatives and arrived at the following findings. First, although both the labor participation rate and TFP can increase China's potential growth rate, the former will only achieve a short-term growth effect, which will diminish in the long run. By contrast, the growth effect of TFP demonstrates the tendency of continuous increase. This further indicates that China's economic growth will increasingly rely on TFP improvement instead of traditional factor input. Second, different from the diminishing growth effect of enrolment rate, training may play a pivotal role in human capital development to significantly enhance potential growth rates. Third, if all reform initiatives can achieve their expected effects, integrated reform dividends may reach one or two percentage points of China's potential growth rate.

新农保对老年人劳动供给及福利的影响

文章基于CHIP2013和CHIP2018新数据,利用模糊断点回归方法研究了新型农村社会养老保险制度(新农保)对农村老年居民的劳动参与率和劳动时间的影响。文章不同于以往研究仅关注新农保对农业劳动参与率或劳动时间的影响,而是全面考察了其对总的劳动参与率和不同类型劳动参与率以及劳动时间的影响,特别是关注了以往研究未曾分析的长期影响。文章发现,在当前新农保养老金水平仍较低的情境下,领取养老金仅是使得农村老年人在不同类型劳动间转换工作,而几乎不影响总劳动参与率,短期影响和长期影响具有异质性。农业劳动的参与率以及劳动时间的短期变化不显著,长期才显著。农业劳动参与率和劳动时间的下降源于土地经营面积的减少。社会养老对家庭养老由挤出变为挤入。领取养老金对老年人的健康保健支出、家庭储蓄以及主观幸福感的影响在统计上并不显著。应通过准确定位基本养老保险制度和改革退休年龄政策来应对人口老龄化对劳动力供给产生的影响。

生育水平与女性劳动参与率的动态关系研究

生育水平变动会影响未来劳动年龄人口供给,但生育水平与女性劳动参与率的相关性研究结论尚有争议。基于我国1970—2021年生育率水平和女性劳动参与率时间序列数据,通过平稳性检验、协整检验以及格兰杰因果检验后,建立向量自回归(VAR)模型对两者之间的变动关系进行实证分析和检验,从宏观角度揭示生育水平变动与女性劳动参与率变化的动态关联性。研究发现,我国生育水平与女性劳动参与率的相关性由1979—1990年的负相关转变为1991—2021年的正相关,生育水平与女性劳动参与率存在长期稳定的均衡关系,总和生育率与女性劳动参与率已总体呈现出一定的格兰杰因果关系;1991—2021年我国总和生育率与女性劳动参与率的互动响应关系显著,女性劳动参与率变动对总和生育率变动的冲击影响呈现滞后性,且影响程度没有总和生育率对女性劳动参与率的冲击影响大。因此,在生育政策调整背景下,我国应充分重视生育水平与女性劳动参与率的互动影响和冲击响应关系,有效保障女性生育和劳动权益,推进性别平等的生育支持体系建设,在提振社会生育水平的同时稳定女性劳动参与率。

纺织服装业全球价值链参与率的比较

为了测度全球主要经济体在纺织服装业全球价值链的参与程度及分析中国纺织服装业在其中所处的地位,利用亚洲开发银行多区域投入产出表数据,采用基于生产的和基于贸易的全球价值链参与率测度方法对2010-2020年间的54个主要经济体进行测算,并对结果进行国别比较分析。结果表明:中国纺织服装业全球价值链前向参与率排名落后于欧美发达经济体,后向参与率小于多数发展中经济体,但纺织服装业全球价值链前向参与率大于后向参与率,位于全球价值链相对上游位置。文章可为中国纺织服装业相关政策的制定提供参考。

教育对人口结构与经济增长的影响研究

以往研究往往忽略了教育对人口结构的作用。将这一因素引入经济增长分析框架,在估计理论模型中相关参数的基础上,用数值模拟分析了教育对人口结构和经济增长的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:第一,教育通过提升劳动力人力资本水平和经济体技术水平,促进劳动生产率的增长;第二,教育通过降低生育率和提升寿命,推动人口老龄化和提升人口抚养负担,并通过推迟毕业时间,降低劳动参与率;第三,教育对劳动生产率的促进作用强于对劳动参与率的抑制作用,从而促进人均收入的增长。总而言之,教育解释了人口结构的变动,但是并未加剧人口结构变动带来的经济压力。研究结果不仅扩展了教育经济影响的分析视角,也对完善我国公共教育和生育政策具有启示意义。

21世纪中国志愿服务发展趋势——基于多项全国性调查数据的实证分析

本文通过分析多项全国性调查数据,得出以下结论。一是目前我国正式志愿服务发展水平还很低,这不仅表现在国际比较中,还体现在志愿服务供给和潜在需求之间的巨大差距上;二是21世纪以来我国正式志愿服务经历了波动式增长,但增幅不大;三是当前我国志愿组织动员和组织志愿者参与的能力还很弱,具体反映在志愿者服务时长偏低以及参与意愿和参与机会之间巨大的落差两个方面;四是现阶段志愿服务活动/项目的组织者依然以各种类型的单位为主,组织方式以行政推动为主,而志愿服务组织的贡献很小。据此可以推断,现阶段我国志愿服务尚处于低度发展模式下,并未进入全面发展阶段。这意味着,近年来提出的志愿服务高质量发展在政策设计和学术研究两个层面应对的应该是现有的志愿服务低度发展模式问题,而不仅仅是针对志愿服务发展中的具体问题。

城乡居民基本医疗保险基金运行状况研究——基于覆盖、筹资、待遇的视角

城乡居民基本医疗保险基金(以下简称居民医保基金)的运行状况取决于基金收支大小,受覆盖面、筹资标准、医保待遇等因素影响。这些因素如何影响居民医保基金的可持续运行?本文运用精算模型发现,若维持2020年的覆盖面、医保待遇等条件不变,居民医保基金将于2036年出现累计赤字,不能实现长期持续运行,且至2050年累计赤字额为99535.25亿元,会出现较大幅度的基金亏空。扩大覆盖面会影响基金收支,但不会改变基金发生当期赤字和累计赤字的节点。无论是2035年还是2050年实现全民医保,基金开始发生当期赤字和累计赤字的节点都分别是2026年和2036年。2050年实现全民医保相较于参保率不变,累计赤字额多出4123.68亿元。由此可见,扩大覆盖面不利于居民医保基金的可持续运行。当基准情境下出现累计赤字时,若只用个人缴费额弥补赤字,2050年个人缴费金额将增加至3249.87元,政府补助金额与个人缴费金额的比例为0.89;若以财政补贴弥补赤字,财政累计额外补贴将达到99535.25亿元;若降低门诊保障待遇以减少基金支出,即使门诊费用报销比例降为0,居民医保基金仍会在2049年出现累计赤字;若降低住院保障待遇以减少基金支出,当住院费用实际报销比例最低降至49.4%时,可以使医保基金2050年不出现累计赤字;若同时降低门诊和住院保障待遇,则门诊和住院费用报销比例最低分别降至41.1%和51.1%的组合可以使2050年不出现累计赤字,实现医保基金的长期平稳运行。

Innovative Teaching Research on Literary Theory and Criticism

As a core compulsory course for English majors majoring in teacher education,Literary Theory and Criticism plays an important role in enhancing text understanding,cultivating critical thinking,and shaping correct values in the future development of students.Influenced by traditional teaching ideas,students have many difficulties when learning this course,such as insufficient theoretical understanding,inadequate ability improvement,and not enough investment in course learning.In response to the above issues,this course focuses closely on the fundamental task of“cultivating virtue and nurturing people”,relying on modern information technology and introducing research methods of digital humanities.This course uses“7C”teaching mode under the“three-level integration”,in which“teaching”and“education”are carried out synchronously,and“teacher”and“student”are developed together,in order to greatly enhance students’learning participation and course satisfaction.

中国企业年金发展中的问题及对策

随着人口老龄化问题的加剧,多支柱养老保险体系的建设愈显重要。企业年金作为第二支柱的重要组成部分,其发展程度备受关注。近年来,我国企业年金发展迅速,但企业员工参与企业年金的意愿较低。通过分析我国企业年金发展中存在的问题和影响因素,进而提出加大企业年金宣传力度、建设企业年金基金投资机制、完善企业年金的税收优惠政策、提高企业年金的转移接续能力以及完善法律法规建设的对策建议,以促进企业年金参与率的提高,推动企业年金不断发展。

农村居民基本医疗保险参保现状及参保意愿分析——以福建省N市为例

目的:调查N市农村居民参加城乡居民基本医疗保险的现状和参保意愿,分析其影响因素,为提升农村居民参保积极性提供参考及建议。方法:于2022年11-12月对福建省N市583名农村居民进行入户调查。运用描述性分析、卡方检验、Logistic回归进行数据分析。结果:共纳入485份有效样本,参保率为91.75%,参保意愿为80.00%;年龄、医保整体满意度对农村居民参保率和参保意愿产生显著正向影响(P<0.05);医保整体满意度受报销流程、报销金额、对医务人员满意度影响(P<0.05)。结论:农村居民参保意愿偏低,可通过调整个人缴费标准、落实全民参保、优化报销流程、提高门诊报销额度等方法提高农村居民参保意愿;基层医疗机构应加大人才培养力度,提升服务质量。

The Contribution of Vocal Music Education in Colleges and Universities to Cultural Inheritance and Innovation

The importance of education and cultural inheritance is becoming increasingly prominent.Through literature review and empirical research,combining quantitative data and qualitative analysis,this paper assesses the teaching methods,curriculum,and student interest and participation in vocal music education in colleges and universities.The study found that vocal music education played a positive role in increasing students’participation in cultural activities,enhancing their identification with traditional music and improving their skills,despite problems such as inadequate teaching systems and homogenized curricula.In particular,the participation rate of students in cultural activities before and after the educational changes increased significantly from 31–54.7%to 62.4–83.6%,indicating that vocal music education can effectively stimulate students’enthusiasm for cultural participation.In addition,the strengthening of the teaching staff and innovations in teaching methods,such as the application of multimedia and virtual reality technologies,provide students with richer learning experiences and personalized learning paths.

个人养老金发展的风险研判与对策分析

作为养老保险的第三支柱,个人养老金制度对于健全多层次、多支柱养老保险体系,提升养老金水平,促进再分配具有十分重要的现实意义。目前我国个人养老金面临社会参与积极性不足、制度普惠性有待加强、投资产品不足且风险结构单一、监管任务更多更复杂的风险和挑战。调研发现,很多国家十分注重各支柱保险的均衡发展,通过完善税惠制度、发放补贴等扩大个人养老金覆盖面,增加基金规模并进行市场化投资。未来我国应明确个人养老金的制度定位,做好制度衔接,建立与共同富裕目标相适应的税收优惠制度,从产品设计和投资管理入手扩大覆盖面,并做好配套性的制度安排。

改良的患者参与主观全面评定量表在大肠癌患者营养评定中的应用

目的:探讨大肠癌患者在营养评定中应用改良的患者参与的主观全面评定量表效果。方法:选取2022年10月—2023年10月贵州中医药大学第一附属医院收治的78例大肠癌患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法进行分组,对照组39例采用常规患者参与的主观全面评定量表进行营养评定,研究组39例中应用改良的患者参与的主观全面评定量表进行营养评定。根据营养评定结果,对患者采取针对性的营养干预措施,观察两组的干预效果。结果:研究组干预后的蛋白质以及能量摄入效果较对照组更高,各项营养状况指标较对照组更高,炎性因子水平较对照组更低,不良反应发生率较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对大肠癌患者在营养评定中应用改良的患者参与的主观全面评定量表,能够更为准确地评估患者的营养状态,具有推广价值。

体育在线教学“低参与率”的积极意涵与应对

长期以来,体育在线教学受到“低参与率”的困扰而备受学界质疑。究其因是教学设计囿于传统思维、教学交互困于浅层对话、教学评价限于形式单一等消极思维所致。以学习者投资理论为新的视角,探讨体育在线教学“低参与率”的积极意涵,认为体育在线教学“低参与率”是学习者为了实现想象认同、达成象征资本、成为想象共同体的个体主动投资行为。在此基础上,希冀以自组织的教学设计机制、对话性的教学交互机制与发展性的教学评价机制提高体育在线教学中学习者的学习效率。

高校教务管理中学生参与度与满意度提升策略探微

文章聚焦高校教务管理中的学生参与度与满意度提升这一核心议题,通过对学生需求及教务管理现状的深入剖析,揭示影响学生参与度与满意度的多重因素与面临的困境。指出高校应从转变管理思路、优化管理机制及建设“一站式”管理社区等维度出发,基于提升教务信息的可及性与互动性建立健全的学生反馈与响应机制,拓宽学生参与教务管理的渠道,构建以学生为中心、注重实效、焕发蓬勃生机的教务管理体系,为高校教务管理的稳步推进注入源源不断的活力与动力。

三级质控管理方法管理县级医院近三年病案首页质控医务人员工作水平的研究分析

目的通过三级质控管理方法管理县级医院病案管理人员,观察分析院内近三年病案首页质控情况,了解首页质控项目中所存在的缺陷以及缺陷产生原因,并提出改进对策措施。方法选取平邑县人民医院于2019年1月—2022年12月收集的302810份病案首页资料,实施三级质控管理方法,并选取2015年1月—2018年12月收集的301660份病案首页资料,实施传统质量控制管理方法,对比三级质控管理方法实施前后病案首页质控效果。结果三级质量质控管理方法实施后的病案首页信息、书写规范与原则、书写质量水平评分相较于实施前更高,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);三级质量控制管理方法实施后的病案首页编码正确率为99.99%,相较于实施前的99.89%更优,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=285.680,P<0.05)。结论基于信息系统的三级质控管理方法能够对医院病案首页质控水平提高提供支持,它在一定程度上降低了首页信息编码错误率,提高病案管理人员的病案首页质控质量评分水平。