46,XX卵睾型性发育障碍1例及文献复习

46,XX性发育障碍病因复杂,临床表现多样,诊断较为困难,本文通过对1例男性表型的46,XX的临床特点进行分析,并对该病的发病机制、临床表现、诊断及治疗等进行文献复习,以期提高临床医生对该类疾病的诊疗水平。

同形异构的“该XX”构式的差异性

现代汉语由于缺少形态变化,存在大量的同形异构现象,现代汉语构式“该XX”就是其中的典型代表。基于构式的认知语法分析,可将“该XX”结构分为A、B两式。从句法形式看,同形异构的A、B两式在添加状语、所带宾语、能否充当定状语等方面有明显差异;从语义看,A式常常为实指或泛指,而B式则为遍指或定指;从语用表达功能看,A式体现了委婉语气和礼貌性,而B式则体现了强硬语气和要求性。构件“X”的多样性、语言经济性原则和构式压制促成了“该XX”同形异构现象的形成。厘清“该XX”A、B两式的差异及成因,对言语交际和汉语教学具有积极意义。

Generation of mitochondrial replacement monkeys by female pronucleus transfer

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)are maternally inherited and have the potential to cause severe disorders.Mitochondrial replacement therapies,including spindle,polar body,and pronuclear transfers,are promising strategies for preventing the hereditary transmission of mtDNA diseases.While pronuclear transfer has been used to generate mitochondrial replacement mouse models and human embryos,its application in non-human primates has not been previously reported.In this study,we successfully generated four healthy cynomolgus monkeys(Macaca fascicularis)via female pronuclear transfer.These individuals all survived for more than two years and exhibited minimal mtDNA carryover(3.8%–6.7%),as well as relatively stable mtDNA heteroplasmy dynamics during development.The successful establishment of this nonhuman primate model highlights the considerable potential of pronuclear transfer in reducing the risk of inherited mtDNA diseases and provides a valuable preclinical research model for advancing mitochondrial replacement therapies in humans.

The Tragedy on Females in V.S.Naipaul’s Miguel Street

The tragic features of V.S.Naipaul’s short story collection Miguel Street are more typical in the female characters.This paper attempts to analyze the typical female tragic characters in the book.Starting from their stories and experiences,it deeply explores the survival pressure and challenges faced by females on the post-colonial land under the influence of colonial rule.Through in-depth analysis of typical female tragedies,the author tries to provide more possibilities for the survival of post-colonial females,and further illustrates that the tragedy of post-colonial females is caused by marginal males and imperial colonial hegemony in Miguel Street.

Breeding of XX Females( XX ♀),YY Physiological Females( YY♀),YY Super-males( YY♂ ) of Pure-line Yellow Catfish( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson)

Mature wild-type yellow catfish( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson) individuals with excellent traits have been screened from the Yangtze River as broodstock to establish the germplasm bank of pure-line yellow catfish by artificial gynogenesis technique and hormonal sex reversal method. Based on pure lines of yellow catfish,super-males and physiological females of yellow catfish were selected by GMT technique,hormonal sex reversal method and test-crossing to establish the germplasm bank of YY physiological females( YY♀). The propagation system of male yellow catfish( XY♂) was established based on the combination of super-males( YY♂) and pure-line female( XX♀) for large-scale production of pure-line yellow catfish males,which effectively overcome the disadvantages in the production of common fingerlings and male fingerlings using low-grade fish with slow growth and small size at the bottom of the fish grader as broodfish,such as progeny germplasm degeneration,loss of growth vigor and reduction of breeding benefits. The technical route of breeding pure-line YY physiological females( YY♀) and YY super-males( YY♂) laid the foundation for large-scale production of environmentally friendly yellow catfish males with pure germplasm and strong stress resistance,and provided an efficient,stable,healthy,environmentally friendly,energy-saving and income-increasing approach for sustainable development of yellow catfish breeding industry.

Business Clothing For Females: Suitability For Effective Workplace Job Performance in Nigeria

The study investigated business clothing for females that are suitable for effective workplace job performance in Nigeria.It identified fabric characteristics of females’business clothing already used;fabric characteristics needed and deign style preference suitable for females’business clothing for workplace job performance.The study was guided by four research questions and two hypotheses.Population was 4,806 female civil servants in Delta state,Nigeria.Multi-stage sampling technique was utilized to select 136 females.Structured questionnaire was employed to collect data and descriptive statistics and t-test were used for data analysis.Finding showed that cotton,nylon,lacra fabrics,light and medium fabric weight,blue,black,gray,colors,cool texture,rough,smooth surface plain,stripe and flowered design among others were fabric characteristics of business clothing are being used in workplace.But prefer and need cotton,nylon,lacra,light weight,black,blue,gray,brown colours,cool,plain,surface fabrics.Net,organza,heavy weight,white,yellow,toweling fabrics were not preferred.Findings further showed that straight gown,waist flared and gathered gowns,skirt,blouse and suit/jacket,straight,shirt,long sleeves,garment with or without collar,below knee length,peter and convertible collars,among others were highly preferred design styles of clothes.In conclusion,office workers determine what they wear to perform workplace daily jobs promotes self-confidence,comfort,professional worth and productivity.It was recommended that female employees should not downplay appropriate work attires for comfort and organizational productivity to satisfy fashion trends.

Gut microbiota and female health

The gut microbiota is recognized as an endocrine organ with the capacity to influence distant organs and associated biological pathways.Recent advan-cements underscore the critical role of gut microbial homeostasis in female health;with dysbiosis potentially leading to diseases among women such as polycystic ovarian syndrome,endometriosis,breast cancer,cervical cancer,and ovarian cancer etc.Despite this,there has been limited discussion on the underlying mechanisms.This editorial explores the three potential mechanisms through which gut microbiota dysbiosis may impact the development of diseases among women,namely,the immune system,the gut microbiota-estrogen axis,and the metabolite pathway.We focused on approaches for treating diseases in women by addressing gut microbiota imbalances through probiotics,prebiotics supple-mentation,and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).Future studies should focus on determining the molecular mechanisms underlying associations between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and female diseases to realize precision medicine,with FMT emerging as a promising intervention.

产前诊断46,XX睾丸型性发育异常胎儿1例并文献复习

目的 分析46,XX睾丸型性发育异常胎儿的基因型与表型,并进行文献复习。方法 1例超声提示胎儿颈后透明层增厚的孕妇来我院产前诊断中心咨询。因其符合产前诊断指征,遂行胎儿染色体核型检测、胎儿染色体基因芯片检测。以“46,XX男性综合征”、“产前诊断”、“46,XX睾丸型性发育异常”、“prenatal diagnosis”、“46,XX male syndrome”、“46,XX testicular disorder of sex development”为检索词,检索中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed数据库(建库至2023年2月底),选取产前诊断为46,XX睾丸型性发育异常胎儿且临床资料完整的文献进行复习并总结胎儿表型。结果 胎儿染色体核型正常(46,XX),基因芯片提示Yp11.31-p11.2区域拷贝数为1,大小为3299 kb,存在SRY基因,胎儿被诊断为46,XX睾丸型性发育异常。文献检索发现仅报道9例产前诊断为46,XX睾丸型发育异常(SRY基因阳性)胎儿,大部分(70%, 7/10)胎儿孕期无明显异常,其中3/10的胎儿存在结构异常或超声提示NT增厚,其中5/10孕妇存在高龄风险。结论 在产前诊断中,发现46,XX睾丸型性发育异常胎儿是极为罕见的。孕期46,XX睾丸型性发育异常胎儿无明显异常;由于CMA检测的局限性,部分46,XX睾丸型DSD胎儿(SRY基因阴性)会被漏诊,这些因素给产前诊断和遗传咨询带来极大的挑战。

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated risk factors among adult females infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Ogun State,Nigeria

Background:Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa,including Nigeria,and is frequently observed in individuals co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).Objective:This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis B virus and identify the associated risk factors among women with HIV undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)in Ogun State,Nigeria.Methods:Ethical approval was obtained from the Babcock University Health Research Ethics Committee(BUHREC)to recruit a total of 110 adult women infected with HIV,receiving treatment at the HIV clinics of Babcock University Teaching Hospital(BUTH)in Ilishan-Remo and General Hospital in Ijebu-Ode,both located in Ogun State,Nigeria.The participants’HIV status were confirmed using three rapid diagnostic kits:Determine(Abbott Laboratories,Tokyo,Japan),Unigold HIV(Trinity Biotech Plc Bray,Co.Wicklow,Ireland),and 1/2 Stat Pak(Abbott Laboratories,Tokyo,Japan)(Chembio Diagnostic Systems,New York,USA).Additionally,an HBV 5 in 1 Panel manufactured by Innovation Biotechnology Co.,Ltd in Beijing,China,was employed to detect HBV markers qualitatively in serum samples.Results:Out of the 110 subjects that voluntarily participated in the study,4(3.6%)tested positive for HBsAg,2(1.8%)tested positive for HBsAb,81(73.6%)tested positive for HBeAg,3(2.7%)tested positive for HBeAb,and 65(59.1%)tested positive for HBcAb.There was no significant correlation between the occurrence of HBsAg and the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants(P>0.05).Various risk factors were identified,including lack of knowledge about HBV,absence of HBV vaccination history,history of blood transfusion,organ transplant,and engaging in unprotected sex,among others.Conclusion:The findings highlight the presence of HBV infection among HIV-positive women undergoing HAART in Ogun State,Nigeria,particularly within the age groups of 18–25 years and 26–30 years.These results emphasize the necessity for continuous and targeted public health interventions among this specific population.

Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair in the treatment of adult female patients with inguinal hernia

BACKGROUND Women have a 3%lifetime chance of developing an inguinal hernia,which is not as common in men.Due to its cosmetic benefits,single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal(SIL-TAPP)inguinal hernia repair is becoming in-creasingly popular in the management of inguinal hernia in women.However,there are no studies comparing the safety and applicability of SIL-TAPP repair with conventional laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal(CL-TAPP)inguinal hernia repair for the treatment of inguinal hernia in women.AIM To compare the outcomes of SIL-TAPP and CL-TAPP repair in adult female patients with inguinal hernia and to estimate the safety and applicability of SIL-TAPP repair in adult female inguinal hernia patients.METHODS We retrospectively compared the clinical information and follow-up data of fe-male inguinal hernia patients who underwent SIL-TAPP inguinal hernia repair and those who underwent CL-TAPP inguinal hernia repair at the Affiliated Hos-pital of Nantong University from February 2018 to December 2020 and assessed the long-term and short-term outcomes of both cohorts.RESULTS This study included 123 patients,with 71 undergoing SIL-TAPP repair and 52 un-dergoing CL-TAPP repair.The two cohorts of patients and inguinal hernia charac-teristics were similar,with no statistically meaningful difference.The rate of intraoperative inferior epigastric vessel injury was lower in patients in the SIL-TAPP cohort(0,0%)than in patients in the CL-TAPP cohort(4,7.7%)and was significantly different(P<0.05).In addition,the median[interquartile range(IQR)]total hospitalization costs were significantly lower in patients in the SIL-TAPP cohort[$3287(3218-3325)]than in patients in the CL-TAPP cohort[$3511(3491-3599)].Postoperatively,the occurrence rate of trocar site hernia was lower in the SIL-TAPP cohort(0,0%)than in the CL-TAPP cohort(4,7.7%),and the median(IQR)cosmetic score was significantly higher in the SIL-TAPP cohort[10(10-10)]than in the CL-TAPP cohort[9(9-10)].CONCLUSION SIL-TAPP repair did not increase the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications in female in-guinal hernia patients.Moreover,female inguinal hernia patients who underwent SIL-TAPP repair had a lower probability of trocar site hernia and inferior epigastric vessel injury than female inguinal hernia patients who un-derwent CL-TAPP repair.In addition,female inguinal hernia patients who underwent SIL-TAPP repair reported a more aesthetically pleasing postoperative abdominal incision.Therefore,SIL-TAPP repair is a better option for the treatment of inguinal hernias in women.

“云XX”结构中类词缀“云”的语法化探析

从最初的“云计算”到普及的“云生活”,“云XX”构式中的类词缀“云”增加了[ 互联网] [ 虚拟性] [ 共享性]等语义特征,其语法化受到语言接触、语义泛化、认知隐喻和类推机制的影响。探究类词缀“云”形成的认知机制,对新兴网络词的发展研究具有重要意义。

翻译模因论视域下流行语“云XX”的英译

伴随着5G时代的到来,万物变得皆可“云”,大众的生活也进入了“云”化,网络流行语“云XX”应运而生且层出不穷,成了反映社会文化状况的一面镜子,满足了当下的人际交往需求。“云XX”结构的迅速发展符合强势模因的快速复制和传播模式。本文在充分理解模因、语言模因及网络流行语模因的基础上,以翻译模因论为指导,对“云XX”结构的翻译进行研究,以促进人们对此类同构异义网络流行语的认识理解和规范运用。

Female Warriors in the MCU and Wuxia Films:A Comparative Study

This essay offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of female warriors in the Marvel Cinematic Universe(MCU)and Wuxia films.Both genres portray powerful and empowered female characters who defy societal expectations and embody resilience,effectively challenging gender norms and promoting female empowerment.However,despite their strength,many of these women warriors face certain narrative factors,such as the male gaze and a predetermined fate,which can restrict their agency and curtail their full potential.And it is within the realm of Wuxia films that the captivating element of cross-dressing among female warriors emerges,providing a nuanced exploration of identity and the constraints imposed by society.

Research on Work-Life Balance of Female Employees

Nowadays,the pace of work and life is accelerating rapidly,accompanied by significant changes in work content and family structure.Enterprises and employees are encountering various pressures and conflicts.Female employees,in particular,are experiencing increasing pressure in both social labor and family affairs,resulting in ongoing conflicts between work and life.Achieving a balance between these two domains is crucial for female employees.This article aims to analyze the influencing factors of work-life balance for female employees and to propose useful strategies to help them improve it.

A Study on the Impact of Cheerleading on the Psychological Health of Female College Students

This study investigates the effects of technical cheerleading and dance cheerleading on the psychological health of female college students by utilizing the Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90),the Comprehensive Diagnostic Scale for Interpersonal Relationships,and the Social Adaptability Diagnostic Scale.The findings indicate the following:(1)Technical cheerleading has a highly significant impact on sensitivity in interpersonal relationships,paranoia,and psychoticism,and a significant effect on anxiety and hostility;dance cheerleading has a highly significant effect on paranoia;(2)Both technical and dance cheerleading have minimal impact on the overall score distribution of interpersonal relationships among female college students,but the dimensions of their effects differ;(3)The impact of technical cheerleading on the social adaptability of female college students is more pronounced than that of dance cheerleading.

探析网络流行构式“XX刺客”的形成与发展

“XX刺客”,当代网络新兴构式,其基本用法作名词短语使用,同时可充当句子主语、宾语以及定语,经过词义引申与功能扩展,“XX刺客”中的“XX”已经由简单的名词向动词、形容词扩展。“刺客”常常具有[+刺痛][+意想不到][+突袭性]的语义特征,由此产生了一系列的“XX刺客”,该构式用隐喻的方式将其隐秘性、突袭性的特征投射到其目标域上,表达一种对高物价的斥责态度。经过高频类推,产生了许多种类的刺客,由于“XX刺客”高频化使用词义经过不断地泛化,它的主观化程度很高,受社会、文化因素的影响,有些典型成员的形式和语义更加趋向词汇化。

网络流行语“XX刺客”的生成机制与流行动因探析

“雪糕刺客”于2022年夏季出现,一度占据百度热搜,它引发了“XX刺客”的流行,“XX刺客”还入选了当年的“十大网络流行语”。基于语言认知心理与流行文化视角,对“XX刺客”的生成机制、流行动因进行探究。“XX刺客”的生成源自概念隐喻、概念整合与词语模类推机制。它的迅速流行则与当前的商业消费、娱乐文化有着密切关联,是武侠文化、强势模因共同驱动所致。

Involvement of GnRH and Gonadotropin Genes in Oocyte Development of Blue Gourami Females (<i>Trichogaster trichopterus</i>)

The goal of this study was to gain a fundamental understanding of RnRH 1 and 3, as well as FSH and LH action, in ovarian follicles during oocyte growth by examining changes in ovarian gene transcription in blue gourami females (Trichogaster trichopterus). The levels of target ovarian mRNAs were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. GnRH1 mRNA levels were higher in oocytes at the previtellogenic stage compared to the vitellogenic and follicular oocytes maturation (FOM) stages. No significant differences in GnRH3 mRNA levels were detected among oocytes during the different stages of development. βLH and βFSH mRNA levels were lower in oocytes at the vitellogenic stage compared to the previtellogenic stage. The high transcription of GnRH 1 and 3 in the brain and of FSH and LH in the pituitary of blue gourami as was found in previous studies in our laboratory, compared to mRNA levels changed in ovary during oogenesis, supporting the hypothesis that differences exist between the function of endocrine and autocrine/paracrine of these hormones.

Effect of past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition on calcaneal quantitative osteo-sono index in pre- and post-menopausal females

This study is examined the effect of past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition on the os-teo-sono assessment index (OSI) in pre- and post-menopausal females. The subjects were 200 premenopausal females (38.8±10.3years) and 156 postmenopausal females (59.2±5.9 ye- ars). BMD (Body mineral density) was estimated by right-calcaneal OSI using an ultrasonic transmission method with an AOS-100 device (ALOKA). The number of postmenopau- sal fe-males in the close examination and guidance required groups (80 cases: 51.3 %) (OSI < 2.428) was significantly higher than that of premeno-pausal females (44 cases: 22.0 %) (χ2=33.105: P<0.000). In premenopausal females, the proportion of subjects that had not taken vitamin D in the past (in junior high school and high school) was significantly higher in the close examination- guidance required group (OSI < 2.428) than in the normal group (OSI ≧ 2.428). However, in postmenopausal females, there was no signifi-cant difference in past and present lifestyle habits and nutrition between the close exami-nation-guidance required group and the normal group. In premenopausal females, it was deter-mined that the intake of vitamin D during pu-berty increased the absorption of calcium sig-nificantly.

Epidemiological Pattern of Breast Diseases among Females in the South-Western Region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Breast diseases cover several conditions. The majority of breast diseases are noncancerous. Some of these lesions are clinically unremarkable, which needed minimal intervention. However, some symptoms may be of clinical value and attract the attention of both the patient and the attending physician, especially when they become persistent. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, pattern, types, and clinical profile of breast diseases among females in the South-western region, during the period from 2018-2020. Methods: A retrospective record-based descriptive approach was used through reviewing medical records of all cases with breast disease attended King Khalid Hospital during the period from January 2018 to January 2020. Data extracted throng pre-structured questionnaire. Results: The study included 211 cases whose ages ranged from 18 to 58 years old with a mean age of 28.9 ± 12.8 years. Breast mass was the most recorded complaint (95.1%) followed with breast pain (32%), skin changes. Benign findings based on the final pathology report were recorded for more than two thirds of the cases, with the most common finding were fibroadenoma. Excisional biopsy and modified radical mastectomy were the most reported surgical interventions. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study revealed that the majority of the cases had benign breast disease (BBD), where fibroadenoma was the most frequent.