Analysis of Esophageal Cancer Death at Different Educational Levels in Inner Mongolia from 2009 to 2015

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the death characteristics of esophageal cancer in Inner Mongolia and the population distribution with various education levels. Methods: The mortality rate of esophageal cancer was calculated using the monitoring point of Death Registry System in Inner Mongolia from 2009 to 2015. The gender, age, region, ethnicity at two education levels of percentage were calculated and the χ2 test was executed. Result: The mortality rate of esophageal cancer was 10.10/105, China Adjustment Mortality was 10.97/105, World Adjustment Mortality was 9.08/105 in Inner Mongolia. The death of esophageal cancer showed statistical significance at two educational levels (P < 0.05). High school and below accounted for 93.9% at the education level, and above high school accounted for 3.5%. In addition, there were significant differences in the percentage of death by gender, age and region at two educational levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Education level has a certain relation with the death of esophageal cancer. To improve the health level, health education plans can be formulated according to esophageal cancer prevention relevant policy with different education levels.

The Study of the Effect of Educational Level of Students and English Language Teachers＇ Awareness on True and False Cognates in Iran

The ability to speak two languages in the non-English-speaking countries is a remarkable achievement. There is a good reason to believe that bilingualism is the norm for the majority of people in the world, because 70% of the earth＇s population are supposed to be bilingual or multilingual. Our purpose of the study was to determine the participants＇ awareness of using true and false cognate words of L 1 （the first language） ＆ L2 （the second language） in learning English. Three hundred and eighty-five selected people from 3,789 statistical population participated in 2014--2015 at three levels of A.D., B.A., and M.A. of Islamic Azad University as well as teachers of English in English educational institutions in Zanjan （Iran）. Each educational level was considered as one category with the total sample calculated by using Kokran Formula, and the amount of each category was determined by using appropriate proportion and randomized categorical sampling method. The participants＇ age was between from 18 to 52, with a mean age of 29 years. The materials were 45 words of true and false cognate＇s words from 500 words by doing CVR （content validity ratio） and CVI （content validity index） （Lawshe＇s table with the index of 88% and 82% respectively） for being reliable and valid. ANOVA （Analysis of variance） was used for studying the effect of educational level on the rate of awareness. In other words, the awareness level has been compared in different educational levels. The results of Dankan test show that： There is no significant difference between the awareness of A.D., B.A., and M.A. levels, but there is a significant difference between the level of awareness of teachers group and the other groups （in true cognate words） and for false cognate words, there is no significant difference between the level of awareness of the four groups in this regard.

An Evaluation of STD/AIDS Health Education among Female Sex Workers in Entertainment Establishments in Jingjiang City

Objective: To explore effective ways of conducting STD/AIDS health education among female commercial sex workers in entertainment establishments and to promote implementation of an 100% condom use programme. Methods: In-depth interviews were carried out to collect qualitative information about demographic characteristics, STD/AIDS knowledge, attitude and risk behaviors of female sex workers. Female sex workers were selected by sampling and were given baseline survey and assessment after intervention. Based on the results of the interviews, a questionnaire was developed, and intervention measures were determined. These measures included face-to-face interviewing, counseling, and distribution of STD/AIDS information and condoms. Results: 196 and 182 female sex workers of the same population were interviewed separately before and after intervention. STDs/AIDS knowledge had significantly increased after one year's intervention (P <0.01). Knowledge increased in both the intervention group and the non-intervention group but the increase was more significant among sex workers who received the intervention. Risk behaviors remained at baseline levels in both groups. Conclusion: STD/AIDS health education among female sex workers in entertainment establishments was effective and may benefit society, but the strategies need to be adjusted to the female sex workers' lifestyles, particularly their high rates of mobility and high-risk behaviors.

普职融通视域下英国T Level行动计划探究

T Level行动计划较为全面地体现出英国近年来提升职业技术教育地位、普通教育与职业教育并重的理念。此次英国推出T Level行动计划的动因在于英国劳动力市场需要更多中高级职业人才、职业技术教育需要提高社会认可度、义务教育阶段毕业生需要体验职业教育。T Level行动计划主要由T Level项目、T Level过渡项目和T Level专业发展项目组成。T Level项目由各方共同设计,兼顾义务教育阶段毕业生的就业与升学;T Level过渡项目满足了义务教育阶段毕业生体验职业教育的需求;T Level专业发展项目为T Level项目实施提供保障。英国T Level行动计划的实施呈现出多元共治、删芜就简和问题导向等特点。借鉴英国T Level行动计划的经验,我国可通过引导雇主参与育人环节、基于项目式学习培养职业技能人才以及兼顾学生就业与升学等方式促进我国的普通教育与职业教育相互融通。

基于职普融通的英国T-Level资格考试制度及启示

职普融通是当前全球教育改革的潮流,职业教育高等化和高等教育职业化是21世纪国际教育发展的共同趋势。为推动职普融通,英国建立了T-Level资格考试制度,并于2022年开启了第一轮考试。围绕“谁来考、考什么、怎么考”等核心问题,T-Level资格考试制度形成了多元主体协同参与的考评主体、知识与技能并重的考评内容、纸笔考试与操作考试并行的考评方式。党和政府高度重视职业教育,提出要推进职普融通,加快构建现代职业教育体系。构建职教高考制度是我国推进职普融通、加快构建现代职业教育体系的重要举措。英国T-Level资格考试制度的经验,对于我国建立和完善职教高考制度、促进职普融通具有启示意义。当前,健全我国职教高考制度体系,需着力打破“横向融通”的体制性障碍,构建职普融通的有效通道;引导行业企业参与职教高考,提高职业教育社会认可度;完善职教高考内容与方式,构建职普融通考评体系。

Measurement invariance and latent mean differences of the Chinese version physical activity self-efficacy scale across gender and education levels

Background: Self-efficacy has been identified as an important determinant of youth's behavior change including physical activity(PA) participation. However, the dimensionality check of a PA self-efficacy scale has rarely been conducted in China. The current study aims to examine(1) the unidimensionality of a shortened Chinese version of PA self-efficacy scale(S-PASESC);(2) the measurement invariance of S-PASESC across gender and levels of education;(3) the latent factor mean difference between gender and levels of education;(4) the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA by different gender and education levels; and(5) the comparisons of the direct effects of self-efficacy on PA across gender and education levels.Methods: The participants were 5 th through 11 th grade public school students recruited from 7 cities located in different geographic regions of China. The final data include a total of 3003 participants(49.7% boys) who have completed the scales.Results: Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) test supported the unidimensionality of S-PASESC. The S-PASESC is invariant across gender and 3 levels of education at both configural, full metric, and full scalar levels. Findings from latent mean comparisons showed that boys reported higher PA self-efficacy than girls. Students' perceived PA self-efficacy tend to decrease from elementary to high school. Finally, self-efficacy positively related to PA by groups of different gender and education levels and the relationship between self-efficacy and PA is stronger among middle school boys than girls.Conclusion: Findings suggest S-PASESC is a valid scale for measuring Chinese students' PA self-efficacy.

Preconception Care Health Education for Female Workers of Reproductive Age in Japan Evaluation up to 6 Months after the Program

Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement a health education program for education of preconception care (PCC) for female workers of reproductive age through a seminar and to evaluate the program based on PCC knowledge and awareness and behaviors before the seminar and at 3 and 6 months after the seminar. Methods: A small group health education seminar was implemented using leaflets for 84 female workers of reproductive age, age 20 to 35 years old, and an intervention by group discussion and feedback was provided. Of these participants, 60 (71%) who provided valid survey responses were included in the analysis. The primary outcome indicators were PCC knowledge, PCC awareness and behaviors, and a food frequency questionnaire, and the secondary outcome indicators were self-efficacy and the health awareness and stress management subscales of the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile scale. The survey was conducted three times, before the seminar and at 3 and 6 months after the seminar, and the results were compared. Results: The percentage of individuals with PCC knowledge was significantly increased at 3 months after the seminar as compared with before the seminar, and it remained at this level even at 6 months after the seminar. The percentage of individuals with PCC awareness and behaviors was significantly increased for the items actively eat foods containing folic acid, prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and conduct self-examinations for breast cancer at 3 months after the seminar and for the items eat well-balanced meals, make the mind active, prevent sexually transmitted diseases, and conduct self-examinations for breast cancer at 6 months after the seminar. Furthermore, the score for the health awareness subscale of the Health-Promotion Lifestyle Profile scale was significantly increased at 6 months after the seminar. Conclusion: The health education program established PCC knowledge at 6 months after the seminar and improved some PCC awareness and behaviors. Therefore, it was suggested that the program would be effective for education of PCC for female workers of reproductive age.

Surgical and non-surgical education practices in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery fellowships within the United States

Data are scarce regarding surgical and non-surgical education in accredited Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS) fellowships in theUnited States. We compared surgical and non-surgical and education among training programs and expected surgical comfort level with pelvic reconstructive procedures from the perspective of the fellow and program director. An online survey was distributed to program directors and fellows from the 39 accredited FPMRS fellowships at the time (2010). Domains evaluated in the survey were academic education requirements;surgical approaches to prolapse and to incontinence;other surgical procedures;and research and publication expectations. In total, forty fellows from 21 programs and directors from 27 programs. The most common surgical procedures performed for apical, anterior, and posterior prolapse were uterosacral ligament suspension, native tissue anterior colporrhaphy, and posterior colporrhaphy, respectively. Differences in perceived surgical comfort level were seen for coccygeus suspension, graftreinforced posterior colporrhaphy, rectus fascial sling, urethral bulking agent, cystoscopic ureteral stent placement and bowel repair. A greater proportion of program directors reported that fellows would be comfortable performing these procedures upon graduation than the proportion reported by the fellows themselves. Differences exist in FPMRS training nationwide, however, responding fellows appeared to be trained in multiple approaches to prolapse repair. Differences were seen in surgical comfort level as perceived by fellows and program directors.

Correlation between Geographical Regional Economy and Construction of County-level Vocational Education Centers

In the period of Eleventh Five-Year Plan,the construction of county-level vocational education centers in Shanxi Province made great contribution to local social and economic development. Due to influence of special geography,population environment and regional economic development situation,it forms the pattern of strong in southeast and weak in northwest. Thus,scientific making plan for construction of vocational education centers in northwestern counties( cities) and establishing long-term mechanism for construction of vocational education centers will be helpful for serving regional economic construction.

STD/AIDS Education and Behavioral Intervention Among Shenzhen Female Barbers

Objective: To understand female barbers' current awareness of STD/AIDS and evaluate the effect of healtheducation and behavioral interventions. Methods: 53 barbershops in Shenzhen were selected bysampling, and their 382 female barbers were given abase-line survey and assessment of intervention followingthe intervention. Results: The survey showed that female barbersgenerally have little education and knew little aboutSTDs/AIDS. They also had some misunderstanding aboutSTDs/AIDS. Most of them knew the main transmission ofSTDs/AIDS' through sexual contact, but didn't knowwhether AIDS could be transmitted through casual contactin daily life. Their knowledge of STDs/AIDS was limited,but they had lower condom use rates and correct ideasabout when to see the doctor. Conclusion: Health education and behavioralintervention related to STD/AIDS on special populationwere effective and or good social consequence.

Mental Health Education for Students from Junior Colleges Moving into Undergraduate Level in Private Colleges from the Perspective of Three- Dimensional Education

Good psychological quality is the basic requirement for college students in the new era.Students from junior colleges moving into xmdergraduate level in private colleges are a special group as they are already an important part of students in private colleges.Based on the mental health status of these students,private colleges have analyzed the issues of mental health education which include weak teaching staffs,lack attention,and traditional education methods.From the perspective of three-dimensional education,the psychological education work model in private colleges is explored to build an education team to promote the participation of all employees in the work of psychological education,strengthen the attention of college students who are moving into the undergraduate level,and to pay full attention to these students.Private colleges should try to innovate education methods and improve psychological education in all aspects.

Impact of Levels of Education on Perceived Academic Stress and Mental Wellbeing: An Investigation into Online Mode of Learning during Pandemic

A sudden outbreak of the current pandemic COVID-19 has switches the learning to online mode which leads to an increase in perceived academic stress and a serious threat to the mental well-being of the students across the globe.The aim of the current study was therefore,to examine the impact of online learning on perceived academic stress and mental well being of the students with moderating effects of levels of education,during the current pandemic.Measures of the constructs were obtained by the online Google form which consists of the Perceptions of Academic Stress Scale(PASS)by Dalia Bedewy and Adel Gabriel(2015)and War­wick-Edinburg Mental Well-being Scale(2008),from a sample of 150 undergraduate students aged 19-25 years studying in different colleges of Bengaluru,India.Mental well-being constituted the criterion variable whilst academic stress and levels of education were treated as predictor variables.Two-way ANOVA were employed.Results show that academic stress is a significant negative predictor of mental wellbeing(r=-.083;p<0.05),there is a significant difference in the perceived academic stress(df=2;F=2.72;p<0.05)which increase in hierarchy(Third year&first year MD=-3.7;Third year&second year MD=-3.2)and mental well being(df=2,F=5.314 p<0.05)which decreases in hierarchy(Third year&first year MD=-5.8;Third year&second year MD=-5.860)of the students at different educational levels and a combination perceived aca­demic stress and educational levels predicts variance in mental well being of the students(R2=0.052;p>0.05).It was concluded that combined aca­demic stress and educational levels have an impact on mental wellbeing of students in online mode of learning during the current pandemic,but this impact is low(only 5.2%).

A Theoretical Study on Health Quotient Promotion-based Physical Education Reform at the University Level

This study maintains that university-level physical education does not currently include or implement health education.? As a consequence of this, college and university students have a very weak theoretical understanding of health.? This study maintains that university-level physical education should focus on the state of students’ health, using the principles of the health quotient.? Of particular importance are problems related to mental health, social adaptive ability, and lifestyle.? Physical education should incorporate instruction based on health quotient-related theories and techniques;doing so will lay a strong foundation for students’ lifelong physical education.? In addition to opening up new paths and methods in research related to the all-around health education of college students, this can also enrich and perfect the theoretical system of modern sports science, as well as provide a new line of thinking and perspective to university-level physical education reform.

The Effect of a Psycho-Educational Program on Psychiatric Symptoms, Drug Attitude and Treatment Satisfaction of Patients with Schizophrenia

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a Comprehensive Psycho-Educational Approach and Scheme Set (COMPASS) for patients with schizophrenia who were treated with risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI), on their psychiatric symptoms, drug attitudes, and treatment satisfaction levels. Participants were sixty-five patients at thirteen hospitals in Japan who met ICD-10 F2 criteria for schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder and were treated with RLAI. A correlational study design was used to measure the effect of the COMPASS on the psychiatric symptoms, drug attitudes, and treatment satisfaction levels of patients treated with RLAI. Using the following evaluation indicators: The Subjective Satisfaction to Treatment Scale (SSTS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS), and Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10), measurements were taken at the beginning of the program (baseline), at the end of the program, and six months after (endpoint). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Significant differences were observed in BPRS total (p < 0.001), sub-scales of BPRS positive (p < 0.001), BPRS negative (p < 0.01), BPRS affective (p < 0.01), and GAF (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant change in subscale of BPRS manic, DAI-10, DIEPSS, or SSTS but significant positive correlations were found between SSTS and DAI-10 and GAF at baseline;a negative correlation was found between SSTS and BPRS. The findings of the study suggested the benefit of using the COMPASS in conjunction with RLAI to decrease patients’ psychiatric symptomatology and improve treatment satisfaction. In addition, patient satisfaction was found to be an important factor to be considered by the psychiatrist.

高等教育强国建设的中国道路

高等教育强国建设是科技强国建设的基础性保障,是人才强国建设的关键性支撑,对中国式现代化建设具有突出的战略意义。推进高等教育强国高质量建设需要厘清中国式现代化引领高等教育强国建设的逻辑谱系,探明符合中国国情与现代化共同特征的强国建设路径;梳理高等教育强国建设的发展机理,增强高等教育强国建设的使命感和紧迫感;深化高等教育改革,回应新时代高等教育强国建设对新质生产力的迫切需要;明晰高水平科技自立自强支撑高等教育强国建设的核心要义,实现科技创新层级与能级的双跃升;以“两个大局”的时代理念作为高等教育高质量发展的时空坐标,厘清高等教育强国建设的行动逻辑。此外,在高等教育强国建设的关键阶段,我国必须以教育评价改革为抓手,破除制约高等教育强国建设的障碍,进而推动高等教育体系实现结构性变革、系统性重塑。

Quantitative Study of Clothing Expenditure of Families with Different Education Level in shanghai

300 families were investigated,which belong to theFamily Investigation Net of Government Policy-makingInvestigating System of Shanghai Statistical Bureau.Thedata were analysed with SPSSWIN6.0 software.The re-gression models showed that families with different edu-cation level have different clothing expenditure models,that is,different affecting factors of clothing consumingin the second quarter.High education families’clothingexpenditure is mainly affected by the family living spaceand husband’s income,while middle education familiesby wife’s occupation and low education farmilies by hus-band’s income.The descriptive statistics showed:fromApril to June,families with different education levelwere quite different on the following aspects:(1)theclothing expenditure of the whole family and its mem-bers;(2)the structure of clothing consuming;(3)thepurchasing price of clothing;(4)the selection of clothingpurchase places.

青少年心境障碍患者自杀未遂的影响因素分析

目的探讨青少年心境障碍(mood disorder,MD)患者伴有自杀未遂(suicide attempt,SA)的影响因素。方法采取横断面调查方式,招募2022年8月3日至2023年9月25日在首都医科大学附属北京安定医院儿童青少年病房住院的105例青少年MD患者纳入研究,并根据是否存在SA,分为SA组(n=41)和非SA组(n=64)。收集患者的一般人口学资料,采用抑郁症筛查量表(Patient Health Questionnare 9-item Scale,PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑问卷(Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale,GAD-7)、儿童期创伤问卷(Childhood Trauma Questinnaire,CTQ)、Barratt冲动性量表(Barratt Impulsiveness Scale,BIS-11)中文版进行临床症状评估,并采用χ2/t检验对上述因素进行差异性分析,随后对差异有统计学意义的因素采用多因素Logistic回归对SA的相关因素进行分析。结果SA的发生率为39%(41/105),其中女性为42.5%(37/87),男性为22.2%(4/18)。单因素分析结果显示,女性、母亲受教育程度低更容易出现SA(P均<0.05),SA组患者在PHQ-9总分、GAD-7总分、情感忽视及躯体忽视的比例均高于非SA组(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,焦虑(OR=1.246,95%CI:1.048~1.480,P=0.013)、母亲受教育程度低(OR=1.522,95%CI:1.040~2.229,P=0.031)是青少年MD患者伴有SA的危险因素。结论青少年MD患者SA发生率较高,伴有焦虑症状和母亲受教育程度低是发生SA的危险因素。

研究生自主学习、交际沟通能力与学业表现的影响研究

硕士研究生阶段十分强调学生的自主学习,要求学习者保持积极的学习心态,做到学习自律,以达到预期的学习目标。然而,硕士研究生的学习意愿、学习自律容易受到各种因素的影响。该文主要研究硕士研究生交际沟通能力、自主学习共同对学业的影响。研究发现,硕士研究生的交际沟通能力对自主学习具有促进作用,强化硕士研究生的努力程度,进而提升学业成就,特别是在学习团队中发挥重要作用。此外,研究还发现,研究生参与社会实践有助于强化自主学习意愿。因此,研究生教育应当培养学生的交际沟通能力、增加学生社会实践和优化研究生学业评价,从而提高研究生教育的质量。

中高本职业教育贯通衔接的成效、问题及实践策略

有效推进中高本不同层次职业教育的贯通衔接是构建现代职教体系的关键。经过多年的“贯通衔接”实践,中高本职业教育贯通衔接的顶层设计已基本形成,实践探索也在向纵深开展,积累了不少宝贵的实践经验。但是在具体实践中依然存在着关系协调通畅不够、内涵衔接缝隙较多、教学质量差强人意和社会认可依然偏低等突出问题。破解“贯通衔接”实践难,实现中高本职业教育高质量贯通衔接须对标对表疏“堵点”,强化政府主导下的协调机制;对点对卯连“断点”,健全上下一体化管理的运行机制;上下同行“聚焦点”,优化提升教学质量的激励机制;跨界合作“攻难点”,全力推进“类型化”发展的办学机制。