The Channel Branches & Network Vessels on the Tianhui Lacquered Meridian Figurine——Taking the Heart-Regulated Channel as an Example

Along with the surge of unearthed medical literature and cultural relics in recent years,a network of channels in the system of medical conduit vessels(meridians) during the early Western Han dynasty has become much clearer gradually.In it,the increasing number of channel branches,network vessels and needle insertion holes(acupoints) is an important feature of the development of channel medicine during the Western Han dynasty.This is not only a reflection of the expanding requirements of the theoretical system of the main trunk channels and other vessels,but also an inevitable result of the continuous enrichment and accumulation of clinical experience.This article integrates the information about channel branches,network vessels,inscriptions,dots and further relics on the Tianhui(天回) Lacquered Meridian Figurine to compare the unearthed literature of the channel genre with the transmitted classical literature about acupuncture.The “Heart-Regulated Channel” in Medical Manuscripts on Bamboo Slips from Tianhui(《天回医简》) serves as an example to explain the occurrence,development and changes of the channel branches and network vessels in the early system of medical channels.

Thermal pretreatment of willow branches impacts yield and pore development of activated carbon in subsequent activation with ZnCl_(2) via modifying cellulose structure

Development of pore structures of activated carbon(AC)from activation of biomass with ZnCl_(2) relies on content and structure of cellulose/hemicellulose in the feedstock.Thermal pretreatment of biomass could induce dehydration and/or aromatization to change the structure of cellulose/hemicellulose.This might interfere with evolution of structures of AC,which was investigated herein via thermal pretreatment of willow branch(WB)from 200 to 360℃and the subsequent activation with ZnCl_(2) at 550℃.The results showed that thermal pretreatment at 360℃(WB-360)could lead to substantial pyrolysis to form biochar,with a yield of 31.9%,accompanying with nearly complete destruction of cellulose crystals and remarkably enhanced aromatic degree.However,cellulose residual in WB-360 could still be activated to form AC-360 with specific surface area of 1837.9 m~2·g^(-1),which was lower than that in AC from activation of untreated WB(AC-blank,2077.8 m~2·g^(-1)).Nonetheless,the AC-200 from activation of WB-200 had more developed pores(2113.9 m~2·g^(-1))and superior capability for adsorption of phenol,due to increased permeability of ZnCl_(2) to the largely intact cellulose structure in WB-200.The thermal pretreatment did increase diameters of micropores of AC but reduced the overall yield of AC(26.8%for AC-blank versus 18.0%for AC-360),resulting from accelerated cracking but reduced intensity of condensation.In-situ infrared characterization of the activation showed that ZnCl_(2) mainly catalyzed dehydration,dehydrogenation,condensation,and aromatization but not cracking,suppressing the formation of derivatives of cellulose and lignin in bio-oil.The thermal pretreatment formed phenolic-OH and C=O with higher chemical innerness,which changed the reaction network in activation,shifting morphology of fibrous structures in AC-blank to“melting surface”in AC-200 or AC-280.

Analysis on the Composition and Structure of Branches of Two Kinds of Tree Shapes in Korla Fragrant Pear

ObjectiveThe thesis aims at investigating the distribution and structural characteristics of various branches in canopy of Korla fragrant pear. MethodStatistic work and analysis were conducted on the numbers and distribution characteristics of various branches in each cubic lattice by using the canopy cellular method. ResultThe results showed that： The total number of scaffold branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 97, which mainly distributed in the lower layer and middle part of the canopy; the total number of scaffold branches of open-center tree shape was 94, which mainly distributed in the lower layer and middle part of the canopy. The total number of annual branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 3 920, which mainly distributed in the middle layer and outer part of the canopy; and the total number of annual branches of the open-center tree shape was 3 183, which mainly distributed in middle layer and outer part of the canopy. The total number of perennial branches of evacuation layered tree shape was 2 184, which mainly distributed in lower layer and outer part of the canopy; the total number of perennial branches of open-center tree shape was 1 444, which mainly distributed in middle layer and outer part of the canopy. ConclusionThe total number and the distribution positions of scaffold branches in the canopy of each tree shape were basically the same. The total numbers of annual branches of the two kinds of tree shapes were different, but the distribution positions were basically the same. The total numbers and the distribution positions of perennial branches in the canopy of the two kinds of tree shapes were different.

Study on the Cutting Rooting of Syriga Microphylla with Tender Branches

[Objective] The study was carried out in order to find out the best method of rapid cutting rooting of Syriga microphylla with tender branches.[Method] Effect of rooting reagent with different concentrations on the rapid cutting rooting of Syriga microphylla with tender branches was studied in our paper.[Result] There was great difference between cuttings with auxin and without auxin.[Conclusion] Tender branches treated by 90 mg/L indole butyric acid（IBA）had the best cutting rooting.

Anchorage properties at the interface between soil and roots with branches

Roots play an important role in stabilizing and strengthening soil. This article aims to study the mechanical properties of the interface between soil and roots with branches, using the pullout test method in the laboratory. The mechanical properties of the soil-root with branches interface is determined through the pullout-force and root-slippage curve （F-S curve）. The results of investigating 24 Pinus tabulaeformis single roots and 55 P. tabulaeformis roots with branches demonstrated three kinds of pullout test failures： breakage failure on branching root, breakage failure on branching node, and pullout failure. The branch angle had a remarkable effect on the failure mode of the roots with branches： the maximum pullout force increased with the sum of the branch diameters and the branch angle. The peak slippage and the initial force had a positive correlation with the sum of the branch diameter. The sig- nificance test of correlation between branch angle and the initial force, however, showed they had no correlation. Branch angle and branch root diameter affect the anchorage properties between root system and soil. Therefore, it is important to investigate the anchorage mechanics of the roots with branches to understand the mechanism of root reinforcement and anchorage.

Study on the Metallogenetism of Sub-mantle Plume and Mantle Branches in the Gold Mineralization Concentration Area of Northwest Jiaodong Peninsula

The northwest of Jiaodong peninsula is characterized by its greatest gold concentration area, enormous gold reserves and limited time interval （115±5Ma） of gold mineralization in China. Studies show that the east area of north China began its mantle plume evolution since the Yanshanian movement, and the Laiyang sub-mantle plume and its surrounding mantle branches such as those in Guojiadian, Aishan and Panshidian were formed in the mineralization concentration area of northwestern Jiaodong peninsula. With the development of mantle plume →sub-mantle plume → mantle branch→ favorable expending structures, the deep-derived hydrothermal fluid moved up to the favorable places, such as brittle-ductile or ductile-brittle shearing zones, the internal and external contact zones of intrusions, dense fracturing zones and the contact zones between dikes and countryrocks, and concentrated into deposits. Then the gold mineralization concentration zones that are centralized on mantle branches were formed. This study takes Guojiadian mantle branch as an example to discuss their metallogenetism and conclude the metallogenetic mode.

Sleeve bridging of the rhesus monkey ulnar nerve with muscular branches of the pronator teres: multiple amplification of axonal regeneration

Multiple-bud regeneration, i.e., multiple amplification, has been shown to exist in peripheral nerve regeneration. Multiple buds grow towards the distal nerve stump during proximal nerve fiber regeneration. Our previous studies have verified the limit and validity of multiple ampli- fication of peripheral nerve regeneration using small gap sleeve bridging of small donor nerves to repair large receptor nerves in rodents. The present study sought to observe multiple ampli- fication of myelinated nerve fiber regeneration in the primate peripheral nerve. Rhesus monkey models of distal ulnar nerve defects were established and repaired using muscular branches of the right forearm pronator teres. Proximal muscular branches of the pronator teres were su- tured into the distal ulnar nerve using the small gap sleeve bridging method. At 6 months after suture, two-finger flexion and mild wrist flexion were restored in the ulnar-sided injured limbs of rhesus monkey. Neurophysiological examination showed that motor nerve conduction veloc- ity reached 22.63 _＋ 6.34 m/s on the affected side of rhesus monkey. Osmium tetroxide staining demonstrated that the number of myelinated nerve fibers was 1,657 ＋ 652 in the branches of pronator teres of donor, and 2,661 ~ 843 in the repaired ulnar nerve. The rate of multiple amplification of regenerating myelinated nerve fibers was 1.61. These data showed that when muscular branches of the pronator teres were used to repair ulnar nerve in primates, effective regeneration was observed in regenerating nerve fibers, and functions of the injured ulnar nerve were restored to a certain extent. Moreover, multiple amplification was subsequently detected in ulnar nerve axons.

Yield, Leaf Senescence, and Cry1Ac Expression in Response to Removal of Early Fruiting Branches in Transgenic Bt Cotton

Two-year field experiments were conducted at Linqing, Yellow River valley of China, to study the plant response to the removal of early fruiting branches in transgenic Bt （Bacillus thuringiensis） cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） from 2003 to 2004. Plants were undamaged and treated by removing two basal fruiting branches （FB） at squaring to form the control and the removal treatment, respectively. The plant height, leaf area （LA）, dry weight of fruiting forms （DWFF）, the number of fruiting nodes （NFN）, photosynthetic （Pn） rate, and levels of leaf chlorophyll （Chl）, N, P, K, and Cry lAc protein in main- stem leaves were measured at a 10- or 20-d interval after FB removal, and the sink/source ratio as indicated by NFN/LA and DWFF/LA was determined. FB removal significantly increased the plant height, LA, and plant biomass in both years. Lint yields were increased 7.5 and 5.2% by removal compared with their controls in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Significant increases in boll size （5.7 and 5.1%） were also observed in removal than in control for both years. Either NFN/LA or DWFF/LA was significantly reduced by removal before 40 d after removal; however, both NFN/LA and DWFF/LA were significantly enhanced by FB removal at 80 d after removal compared to the untreated control. There was no significant difference in fiber quality in the first two harvests between removal and control, but fiber strength and micronarie in the third harvest were significantly improved by FB removal. In terms of leaf Chl, Pn rate, levels of total N, P, and K in late season, leaf senescence was considerably delayed by FB removal. Levels of CrylAc protein in the fully expanded young leaves were considerably higher in FB-excised plants than in control, indicating FB removal enhanced CrylAc expression. It is suggested that the yield and quality improvement with FB removal may be attributed to the increased NFN/LA or DWFF/LA in late season and delayed leaf senescence, respectively. FB removal can be a potential practice incorporated into the intensive cultivation system for enhancing transgenic Bt cotton production.

Large borehole with multi-lateral branches: A novel solution for exploitation of clayey silt hydrate

Raising the in situ decomposition rate of natural gas hydrate and increasing the decomposition contact area are two main ways to raise the productivity of hydrate. An exploitation technique based on large borehole with multi-lateral branches (LB & MB) was proposed in this paper. This technique is mainly intended for the clayey silt hydrate reservoir in the South China Sea, and its main purpose is to alleviate the sand output from formation for maintaining the stability of the reservoir and to greatly increase the gas productivity of the reservoir. In this paper, the following aspects were mainly expounded: definition of the basic geometric parameters for layout of multi-lateral branches in clayey silt hydrate reservoir, simulation of the stimulation effect of a typical well profile with two branches, and prediction and simulation of the reservoir failure risk in a well profile with eight branches. The results show that the LB & MB effectively improves the flow field in the formation, raises the productivity of the reservoir and may also help to decrease the produced water-gas ratio (WGR). When the lateral branches spacing is too small, the failure zones around adjacent lateral branches overlap each other, possibly causing reservoir failure in a larger range. Therefore, the geometric parameters of multi-lateral branches depend on the dual control of the productivity and geotechnical risk factor of reservoir. Further study is being carried out, so as to obtain the optimal combination of parameters of multi-lateral branches.

GENERATOR VIBRATION FAULT DIAGNOSIS METHOD BASED ON ROTOR VIBRATION AND STATOR WINDING PARALLEL BRANCHES CIRCULATING CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS

Rotor vibration characteristics are first analyzed, which are that the rotor vibration of fundamental frequency will increase due to rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault, air-gap dynamic eccentricity fault, or imbalance fault, and the vibration of the second frequency will increase when the air-gap static eccentricity fault occurs. Next, the characteristics of the stator winding parallel branches circulating current are analyzed, which are that the second harmonics circulating current will increase when the rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault occurs, and the fundamental circulating current will increase when the air-gap eccentricity fault occurs, neither being strongly affected by the imbalance fault. Considering the differences of the rotor vibration and circulating current characteristics caused by different rotor faults, a method of generator vibration fault diagnosis, based on rotor vibration and circulating current characteristics, is developed. Finally, the rotor vibration and circulating current of a type SDF-9 generator is measured in the laboratory to verify the theoretical analysis presented above.

Experiment on the Fattening Effects of Mixed Silage of Wolfberry Branches on Hybrid

[Objectives] This study was conducted to use the feeding value of wolfberry branches and to provide a basis for the rational use of its active ingredients and nutrients and the development of new feed resources. [Methods] Wolfberry branches and whole-plant corn were used to make mixed silage of wolfberry branches, which replaced different proportions of whole-plant corn silage for feeding hybrid mutton sheep, and the feeding effect of the mixed silage of wolfberry branches on hybrid mutton sheep was analyzed, which provides a technical basis for rational utilization of mulberry resources to ruminants. A single factor feeding comparison experiment was carried out. 32 hybrid mutton sheep of 8 months old with conform gender, age, body weight, physiological state and feeding management level were selected and divided into two groups, 16 in each group. [Results] The gross output value of weight gain of the experimental group was 18.06 yuan, which was higher than the CK(12.97 yuan) by 5.09 yuan. [Conclusions] The addition of the mixed silage of wolfberry branches to the diet had a positive effect on the increase of the weight gain of the hybrid mutton sheep and the reduction of the feed conversion ratio compared with the single whole-plant corn silage.

Experiment on the Fattening Effects of Mixed Silage of Mulberry Branches and Leaves on Hybrid Mutton Sheep

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mixed silage of mulberry branches and leaves on the production performance of Tan Han hybrid mutton sheep and explore the feasibility in production. [Methods] Twenty-six Tan Han hybrid mutton sheep were selected and divided into two groups, 13 in each group. The experimental group was fed with the mixed silage and the control group(CK) was fed with whole-plant corn silage. [Results] The average daily weight gain per sheep of the experimental group was 9.2% higher than that of the CK(P<0.05), and the feed conversion ratio was decreased by 6.98%(P<0.05). The average daily weight gain per sheep in the 30 d improved the gross profit by 7.75 yuan, which meant an increase of 16.32%. [Conclusions] The mulberry mixed silage is feasible in the production, and it could significantly improve the production performance of the hybrid mutton sheep.

Dual Branches of MHD Three-Dimensional Rotating Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid on Nonlinear Shrinking Sheet

In this study,magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)three-dimensional(3D)flow of alumina(Al2O3)and copper(Cu)nanoparticles of an electrically conducting incompressible fluid in a rotating frame has been investigated.The shrinking surface generates the flow that also has been examined.The single-phase(i.e.,Tiwari and Das)model is implemented for the hybrid nanofluid transport phenomena.Results for alumina and copper nanomaterials in the water base fluid are achieved.Boundary layer approximations are used to reduce governing partial differential(PDEs)system into the system of the ordinary differential equations(ODEs).The three-stage Lobatto IIIa method in bvp4c solver is applied for solutions of the governing model.Graphical results have been shown to examine how velocity and temperature fields are influenced by various applied parameters.It has been found that there are two branches for certain values of the suction/injection parameter b:The rise in copper volumetric concentration improved the velocity of hybrid nanofluid in the upper branch.The heat transfer rate improved for the case of hybrid nanofluid as compared to the viscous fluid and simple nanofluid.

Influence of different portal vein branches on hepatic encephalopathy during intrahepatic portal shunt via jugular vein

This letter is regarding the study titled‘Targeted puncture of left branch of intrahepatic portal vein in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)to reduce hepatic encephalopathy’.Prior to the approval of TIPS dedicated stents(Viatorr stents)in China in October 2015,Fluency covered stents were typically used.As Fluency covered stents have a strong support force and axial elastic tension,a‘cap’may form if the stent is located too low at the end of the hepatic vein or too short at the end of the portal vein during surgery,leading to stent dysfunction.Since the blood shunted by the stent is from the main trunk of the portal vein,the correlation between the incidence of postoperative hepatic encephalopathy and the location of the puncture target(left or right portal vein branch)is worth discussion.Notably,no studies in China or foreign countries have proven the occurrence of left and right blood stratification after the accumulation of splenic vein and mesenteric blood flow in the main trunk of the portal vein in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.

Asymmetric Variations in the Tropical Ascending Branches of Hadley Circulations and the Associated Mechanisms and Effects

This study investigates the variations in the tropical ascending branches （TABs） of Hadley circulations （HCs） during past decades, using a variety of reanalysis datasets. The northern tropical ascending branch （NTAB） and the southern tropical ascending branch （STAB）, which are defined as the ascending branches of the Northern Hemisphere HC and Southern Hemi- sphere HC, respectively, are identified and analyzed regarding their trends and variability. The reanalysis datasets consistently show a persistent increase in STAB during past decades, whereas they show less consistency in NTAB regarding its decadal- to multidecadal variability, which generally features a decreasing trend. These asymmetric trends in STAB and NTAB are attributed to asymmetric trends in the tropical SSTs. The relationship between STAB/NTAB and tropical SSTs is further examined regarding their interannual and decadal- to multidecadal variability. On the interannual time scale, the STAB and NTAB are essentially modulated by the eastern-Pacific type of ENSO, with a strengthened （weakened） STAB （NTAB） under an E1 Nifio condition. On the decadal- to multidecadal time scale, the variability of STAB and NTAB is closely related to the southern tropical SSTs and the meridional asymmetry of global tropical SSTs, respectively. The tropical eastern Pacific SSTs （southern tropical SSTs） dominate the tropical SST-NTAB/STAB relationship on the interannual （decadal- to multidecadal） scale, whereas the NTAB is a passive factor in this relationship. Moreover, a cross-hemispheric relationship between the NTAB/STAB and the HC upper-level meridional winds is revealed.

Magnetic field induced phase branches of the superconducting transition in two-dimensional square π-loop arrays

Based on the results of explicit forms of free energy density for each possible arrangement of magnetization fluxes in large-scale two-dimensional （2D） square π-loop arrays given by Li et al [2007 Chin. Phys. 16 1450], the field-cooled superconducting phase transition is further investigated by analysing the free energy of the arrays with a simplified symmetrical model. Our analytical result is exactly the same as that obtained in Li＇s paper by means of numerical calculations. It is shown that the phase transition splits into two branches with either ferromagnetic or anti-ferromagnetic flux ordering, which depends periodically on the strength of external magnetic flux φe through each loop and monotonically on the screen parameter β of the loops in the arrays. In principle, the diagram of the phase branches is similar to that of its one-dimensional counterpart. The influence of thermal fluctuation on the flux ordering during the transition from normal to superconducting states of the π-loop arrays is also discussed.

Isolation,Mutagenesis,Identification and Cellulase Properties of a Mulberry Branches Decomposing Fungus from Insect

In order to utilize mulberry branches efficiently and reduce environment pollution, a strain named A1 was isolated from the intestinal tract of Acr/da Chinensis using Congo red staining method on the plate of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium （CMC-Na） medium and mulberry branch powder culture medium. The strain A1 was mutagenized by uhraviolet radiation and the strain Z3 with a significantly improved specific activity of filter paper enzyme was screened. Enzymatic characteristics, degradation ability of cellulose and taxonomic status of A1 and Z3 were also studied in this paper. The results showed that filter paper enzyme specific activity of Z3 increased 74.47% than that of A1 and the property of enzyme production was steady. The optimum pH values of filter paper enzyme produced by A1 and Z3 were 4. 6 and 3.8 respectively and the optimum temperatures were 45 and 50 ℃, respectively. When CMC-Na was used as substrate, Vmax of the two strains was similar while Km of Z3 was lower than that of A1 , which indicated that Z3 had a strong affinity for the substrate. Enzymes produced by Z3 were more resistant to high temperature. Strains A1 and Z3 could grow well on the culture mediums with mulberry branch powder as carbon source, but Z3 grew better than A1. A1 and Z3 were preliminarily identified as AspergiUus according to the morphological identification.

Vibration Absorption Efficiency and Higher Branches Elimination of Variable-Stiffness Nonlinear Energy Sink

Vibration absorption efficiency of a variable⁃stiffness nonlinear energy sink(NES)was investigated when the main oscillator was subjected to harmonic and impulse excitations.The slow flow equations of the coupled system were derived by using the complexification⁃averaging method,and the nonlinear equations which describe the steady⁃state response were obtained.As the harmonic excitation force increased,the system which comprises constant⁃stiffness NES generated higher branch responses,greatly reducing the vibration absorption efficiency.The influence of nonlinear stiffness on the responses of the system was investigated.Results show that,with the increase of harmonic exciting force,a reduction of NES stiffness can eliminate the higher branch responses and even the frequency band of strongly modulated responses.The vibration absorption efficiency of variable⁃stiffness NES attached to the linear oscillator for different amplitudes of impulse excitation was investigated.Results show that the proper reduction of nonlinear stiffness under increasing impulse excitation can greatly increase the vibration absorption efficiency of NES,and the variable⁃stiffness design can effectively mitigate the negative influences of the increase of the excitation amplitude on the efficiency of constant⁃stiffness NES.

Branches of the Summer Asian Lower-Level Jet Stream and Its Influence on the Rain Belt in China

Based on the analysis of the Asian lower-level jet stream, this paper indicates that having shifted to the Bay of Bengal, this large-scale lower-level jet(LLJ) develops into two branches: the northern branch (NB) which is a strong southwest flow moving into the inland of China along the southeast side of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and then moving eastward to Japan along the north side of the subtropical high, and the southern branch (SB) which continues to be a west flow and travels into the West Pacific across the Indo-China Peninsula along the south side of the monsoon trough. Above the two branches are two synoptic-scale transient tubular monsoon circulation systems, the northern branch being a subtropical monsoon stream tube (SMST) and the southern branch a tropical monsoon stream tube (TMST). Their ascending branches, corresponding to a subtropical monsoon rain belt and a tropical monsoon rain belt respectively, bear considerable influence on the weather over China.

Localized regulation of the axon shaft during the emergence of collateral branches

The ability of the axon to form de novo collateral branches along its length is fundamental to the establishment of complex patterns of connectivity during development and is also a major response of many axonal populations following injury.The emergence of branches is under both positive and negative control by extracellular signals.