Effects of Bacterial Manure from Cassava Alcohol Fermentation Mash on Yield and Starch Content of Cassava

In order to provide a scientific basis for the utilization of cassava alcohol fermentation mash and the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of cassava,compound microbial inoculum was inoculated into the cassava alcohol fermentation mash to prepare bacterial manure,which was then applied to two cassava varieties,Nanzhi 199 and SC 205 to explore the optimum application amount,application method and application concentration. The results showed that when the inoculation amount of the compound microbial inoculum was 2‰ of the mass of the mash,the requirements of industrial production of liquid bacterial manure and agricultural application can be met,saving costs. After the emergence of cassava seedlings,if they were drenched with the bacterial manure of cassava alcohol fermentation mash through roots once according to the amount of 67. 5 t/ha and irrigated with the bacterial manure once every 15 d under drought conditions,both the yield and quality of cassava can be improved significantly. The yield and starch content of Nanzhi 199 reached 26 196. 23 kg/ha and 30. 32%,36. 57% and4. 75 percentage points higher than those of CK. The yield and starch content of SC 205 reached 41 126. 06 kg/ha and 23. 74%,99. 25% and3. 19 percentage points higher than those of CK. Under the application modes of foliar spray,root irrigation and foliar spray + root irrigation,the fertilization effect was more obvious. When undiluted bacterial manure of cassava alcohol fermentation mash was applied according to the amount of 52. 5 t/( ha·time),the fertilization effect of the application mode of foliar spray + root irrigation was the best. The bacterial manure from cassava alcohol fermentation mash can be directly applied without dilution,and the fertilizer efficiency will be reduced significantly after dilution.

Effects of Application of Cassava Alcohol Anaerobic Fermentation Liquid and Mulching of Film on Overwintering and Next Year's Growth and Yield of Banana

The effects of application of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid and mulching of film on overwintering and next year's growth and yield of banana were investigated in this study.The results showed that the application of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid with COD concentration of 1 200-2 000 mg/L(900 m^3/hm^2) and mulching of film significantly increased the soil organic matter and available potassium contents in banana orchard,improved the cold resistance of banana seedlings,increased the pseudostem height,pseudostem circumference,green leaf number and chlorophyll content of next year's banana seedlings,brought the flower bud emergence period and harvest period forward,and significantly increased the yield per plant.

Effect of Nitric Oxide on Alcoholic Fermentation and Qualities of Chinese Winter Jujube During Storage

This article investigates the effects of nitric oxide （NO） on alcoholic fermentation and the qualities of Chinese Winter Jujube during storage, and explores the action mechanisms of browning and softening of fruits to provide theoretical proofs for using NO in the storage of Chinese Winter Jujube. Chinese Winter Jujube fruits were fumigated with different concentrations of NO gas （0, 10, 20, 30 μL L^-1） under anaerobic conditions and stored at 22±1℃ and 4± 1℃. The changes in appearance qualities, the contents of pyruvate, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） were investigated. The contents of pyruvate, ethanol, and acetaldehyde were significantly reduced, and the peak of pyruvate content was delayed by 20 μL L^-1 NO. The activities of ADH and LDH in 20 μL L^-1 NO treated fruits were also significantly inhibited. However, the alcoholic fermentation and softening of Chinese Winter Jujube fruits were promoted by 30 μL L^-1 NO during storage. The results indicated that 20 μL L^-1 NO could mitigate the injury of ethanol on Chinese Winter Jujube and effectively delay the browning and softening of fruits during storage.

Optimization of clear liquid fermentation condition for ethanol production from Canna edulis Kerl

In this paper, clear liquid fermentation condition for ethanol production from Canna edulis Kerl with orthogonal design was studied. We have studied five factors that influenced clear liquid fermentation condition for ethanol production from Canna edulis Kerl by the single-factor test. The five factors were α-amylase amount, glu-coamylase amount, pH, nitrogen and auxiliary materials amount. Selected the best amounts of α-amylase, glucoamylase, pH, nitrogen source and auxiliary materials by means of the singe- factors test. And then, we used the Orthogonal test to optimize the fermentation process. The study showed that the best fermentation condi-tions were α-amylase amount 7 u/g C.eduli, glu-coamylase amount 145u/g C. edulis, pH 4.4 and the amount of urea 0.08%, 1% of rice bran as auxiliary materials. The rate of alcohol which was produced by the best fermentation conditions is 21.5% that increased by 1.3% than the rate of alcohol by the single-factor test.

Fermented papaya preparation halts the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Oxidative stress is implicated in NASH progression. Fermented papaya preparation (FPP) has oxygen radical scavenging activity and is effective in oxidative stress-related diseases. We investigated the effects of FPP on NASH progression using a rat NASH model. Plasma biochemical parameters and lipid peroxidation in the liver were elevated in NASH rats. Histologically, the liver of NASH rats showed liver fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and over-expression of microsomal CYP2E1. Myeloperoxidase activity and nuclear factor-kappaB activation were also markedly increased in NASH. Oral administration of FPP ameliorated these changes in NASH rats. These results suggest that FPP halts NASH progression through its anti-oxidative and antiinflammatory properties.

ORP阶段性控制提高葡萄酒中链脂肪酸乙酯和高级醇含量研究

氧化还原电位(Oxidation-reduction potential,ORP)反映了发酵系统的氧化还原状态,与酵母代谢以及香气化合物合成密切相关,其水平在各酒精发酵阶段存在差异。为了实现ORP在不同发酵阶段的科学控制,通过气相色谱-质谱(Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)和感官量化分析法在葡萄酒酒精发酵的不同阶段控制不同水平的ORP,观察酵母生长、香气化合物合成以及感官品质的变化。结果表明,在0~48 h阶段ORP的变化对酵母活菌数和香气化合物含量的影响远高于其他阶段。提高此阶段ORP有利于酵母生长和糖消耗,而较低ORP有利于香气化合物合成。与对照相比,0 mV(0~48 h)-自然条件(48~96 h)-自然条件(96 h至发酵结束)处理组可显著提高中链脂肪酸乙酯中的己酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯含量;0 mV-0 mV-60 mV处理组可显著提高乙酸酯含量;60 mV-0 mV-60 mV处理组可显著提高高级醇含量。0 mV-自然条件-自然条件处理增强了赤霞珠葡萄酒中红色水果香气和爱格丽葡萄酒花果类香气,并减弱了爱格丽葡萄酒的动物类气味。ORP的阶段性控制为葡萄酒发酵过程的精准调控提供了依据,为提高葡萄酒香气化合物含量以改善葡萄酒的香气质量提供了基础。

酸枣果酒发酵的工艺优化

以酒精度和感官评价为指标,研究发酵温度、酵母菌接种量、发酵液pH值、发酵液初始糖量对酸枣果酒品质的影响,在此基础上进行正交试验,确定酸枣果酒的最佳发酵工艺参数。正交试验得到的最佳发酵条件为发酵温度26℃,酵母菌接种量4%,发酵初始糖量18%,pH值4.0。采用最佳工艺参数进行发酵,使得酸枣果酒的酒精度达到7.9%Vol,感官评分为90分,制得的果酒颜色为红棕色,澄清透明有光泽,果香酒香、浓郁协调,品尝后口留余香。

杏鲍菇发酵苦荞提取物对小鼠酒精性肝、胃损伤的保护作用

目的:研究杏鲍菇发酵苦荞提取物的体外抗氧化活性及体内对酒精性肝脏、胃黏膜损伤的保护作用。方法:本实验检测杏鲍菇发酵苦荞提取物中功能成分的含量,并分析提取物的抗氧化能力;以Lieber-DeCarli酒精液体饲料建立小鼠慢性酒精性肝脏、胃黏膜损伤模型,考察发酵后的苦荞提取物在低、高剂量(1.5 g/kg B.W.、3.0 g/kg B.W.)对肝脏和胃粘膜损伤的保护作用。结果:杏鲍菇发酵苦荞提取液中含有较多的抗氧化成分,其中多酚、黄酮、三萜含量分别为11.40±0.32 mg GAE/g DW、17.19±0.30 mg RE/g DW、7.59±0.24 mg/g,黄酮类物质:芦丁和槲皮素含量分别为13.55±0.05、0.665±0.01 mg/g;杏鲍菇发酵苦荞提取液的铁离子还原抗氧化能力及其对DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除率分别为:16.66±0.65、33.49±1.26、15.68±1.17μmol Trolox/g DW;与模型组相比,高、低剂量组均能显著降低丙二醛(P<0.05)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(P<0.01)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(P<0.01)、乳酸脱氢酶(P<0.05)、白细胞介素1β(P<0.05)水平,并显著提高超氧化物歧化酶(P<0.01)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(P<0.01)水平,下调了活性氧(P<0.01)、鼠肉瘤蛋白(P<0.01)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(P<0.01)、细胞外信号调节激酶(P<0.05)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶(P<0.05)的蛋白表达量。结论:杏鲍菇发酵苦荞提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性,并对小鼠慢性酒精性肝脏、胃黏膜损伤具有明显的保护作用。

低产杂醇高产酯酵母菌株的选育和共酵对黄酒品质的影响及机制分析

杂醇和酯是影响黄酒品质的关键化合物,寻找发酵性能优良的酵母菌株,开发低产杂醇高产酯的发酵工艺具有重要的理论价值和应用前景。以酿酒酵母jiangnan1#作为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变、常压室温等离子体诱变技术,以实验室模拟发酵制得的黄酒中杂醇、酯类化合物质量浓度为评价指标,筛选出1株优良的突变菌株,命名为YAR28。对YAR28进行了生孢纯化筛选,获得1株产醇酯较佳的酿酒酵母,命名为酿酒酵母Y28-23。将酿酒酵母Y28-23连续5次传代培养,进行稳定性验证,结果显示,该酿酒酵母的酒精产量没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但产杂醇的质量浓度[(378.16±28.76)mg/L]比出发菌株降低了21.41%,且产酯的质量浓度[(152.86±19.73)mg/L]增加了35.57%。将酿酒酵母Y28-23与52株具备潜在产酯性能的非酿酒酵母共酵,以低产杂醇高产酯为评价指标,最终确定了异常威克汉姆酵母Y34为较佳的非酿酒酵母。进一步优化酿酒酵母Y28-23与异常威克汉姆酵母Y34的共酵条件,发现在主发酵阶段的温度为20℃的条件下以1∶10的添加比例共酵黄酒,对于黄酒醇酯比的优化效果较佳,杂醇的质量浓度为(281.20±5.73)mg/L,酯类的质量浓度为(240.02±2.47)mg/L。相比于单菌发酵,黄酒中杂醇的质量浓度降低了25.63%,而酯类的质量浓度增加了57.13%。基于代谢组学分析,获得多条与黄酒发酵过程中底物利用及风味形成密切相关的差异代谢物和代谢通路,阐明了黄酒共酵过程中异常威克汉姆酵母Y34对酿酒酵母Y28-23的代谢调节作用。研究可为利用发酵菌株控制黄酒酿造过程中的醇酯含量提供技术支持,对黄酒发酵菌种资源的开发利用以及黄酒品质的提升具有参考价值。

多菌种混合发酵神农架猕猴桃果醋的工艺优化及风味分析

以神农架猕猴桃为原料,通过多菌种混合发酵制备猕猴桃果醋。通过单因素及正交试验优化其酒精、醋酸发酵工艺条件,采用氨基酸分析仪及气质联用(GC-MS)技术分别分析果醋的氨基酸、挥发性风味物质组成。结果表明,最佳酒精发酵工艺为:酵母菌接种量0.9%,乳酸菌接种量7%,初始可溶性固形物19°Bx,发酵温度27℃。在此优化条件下,酒精度为(8.82±0.57)%vol,乳酸含量为(12.15±0.73)mg/mL。最佳醋酸发酵工艺为:发酵时间8 d,醋酸菌接种量12%,初始酒精度7%vol,发酵温度32℃。在此优化条件下,醋酸含量为(4.34±0.17)g/100 mL,感官评分为80分。多菌种混合发酵猕猴桃果醋共检出15种氨基酸,包含7种必需氨基酸;共检出37种挥发性风味物质,包括酯类17种,酸类5种,醛类2种,酮类5种,苯类2种,醇类4种,酚类1种,其他类1种。综上,多菌种混合发酵有利于促进氨基酸和挥发性风味物质的形成,从而提升果醋的品质。

液态发酵法酿造豆渣食醋工艺研究

为增加豆渣的利用率和附加值,以豆渣为主要原料,通过液态发酵法酿造一款豆渣食醋,并探索其酒精发酵、醋酸发酵的最佳工艺条件。首先以酒精度为评价指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验对酒精发酵工艺进行优化。其次,以最佳酒精发酵工艺为基础,以食醋的感官评分和总酸含量为评价指标,通过单因素试验和响应面试验对醋酸发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明,以180 mL纯净水为基准,最佳酒精发酵工艺为豆渣干粉添加量14 g、蔗糖添加量6 g、酵母菌接种量0.4%、酒精发酵温度32℃、酒精发酵时间6 d;以100 mL酒精滤液为基准,最佳醋酸发酵工艺为醋酸菌接种量3.85%、醋酸发酵温度29.5℃、醋酸发酵时间5 d。此工艺条件下豆渣食醋的感官评分为83.2分,总酸含量为5.05 g/dL,可溶性无盐固形物含量为3.5 g/dL,氨基酸态氮含量为122.4 mg/dL,菌落总数和大肠菌群均符合国家标准。豆渣食醋成品呈琥珀色,澄清透亮,质地均匀,酸味适中,带有浓郁的醋香和豆渣特有的豆香味,营养价值较高。

响应面法优化荞麦食醋酒精发酵工艺

为了提高荞麦食醋发酵过程中酒精发酵阶段的乙醇产量,以发酵醪酒精度为响应值,以固液比、酵母接种量、接种温度、发酵温度、发酵时间等因素为自变量,利用单因素结合响应面试验,优化荞麦醋酒精发酵工艺条件。结果表明,最佳酒精发酵工艺为固液比1∶4(g∶mL)、酵母接种量30%、酵母接种温度30℃,发酵温度28℃,发酵时间7 d。在此优化条件下,酒精度为9.52%vol,比优化前(8.51%vol)提高了11.9%。

马克斯克鲁维酵母菌调控酒精饮料风味物质代谢机制的研究进展

马克斯克鲁维酵母菌(Kluyveromyces marxianus)是一种发酵性能优良的食品级产香酵母,可利用多种碳源,能提高酒样风味品质,并具有良好耐热性能,已成为酒精饮料行业的新宠。该文重点对马克斯克鲁维酵母菌促进酒精饮料生成苯乙醇和乙酸酯等重要风味物质的代谢机制进行总结,并从接种工艺、发酵温度、营养需求三个方面介绍其在发酵酒精饮料的风味调控技术,综述了该菌在奶啤、果酒、龙舌兰酒、乳清酒和米酸酒风味增强的研究与应用,并对马克斯克鲁维酵母菌在酒精饮料领域中的实际应用前景提出展望,以期为相关领域增强风味品质进行深入的研究和应用提供参考。

酒中高级醇调控的研究进展

酒作为大众喜爱的饮品,人们对其需求量和品质的要求在不断提高。高级醇是酒中最主要的呈味物质之一,适量的高级醇可赋予酒体醇香的口感、增加酒体协调性,而高级醇含量过高或过低均会影响酒体的口感,当高级醇含量超过一定限度时还会对饮用者的身体健康造成损害。因此,调控酒中高级醇的含量及比例对有效提高酒体品质、促进酒产业健康发展具有重要意义。该文系统阐述酒中高级醇的形成机制,总结发酵工艺、酿酒酵母菌株以及菌株选育对高级醇的影响,旨在为酒工业化生产中高级醇精细化调控提供参考。

陈皮酵素对小鼠酒精性肝损伤及肠道菌群的调节作用

目的探讨陈皮酵素(Pericarpium citri reticulatae fermentation liquor,PF)对小鼠酒精性肝损伤和肠道的调节作用。方法将40只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性药物组[100mg/(kg·d)水飞蓟宾(silibinin,Sly)]和陈皮酵素组[500 mg/(kg·d)PF],每组10只,持续给药干预2周。通过分子生物学检测生物化学和病理学指标;16S rDNA高通量测序技术检测分析粪便微生物群。结果组织切片结果显示陈皮酵素可以显著改善酒精性肝损伤小鼠的肝脏和回肠组织损伤,减少酒精诱导的肝脏脂质积累。此外,陈皮酵素显著降低肝脏组织促炎因子[白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)]的水平,缓解酒精引起的氧化应激。同时,陈皮酵素可修复酒精引起的肠道菌群紊乱,维持肠道菌群数量,修复肠道黏膜屏障损伤。结论陈皮酵素可改善酒精性肝损伤,其机制与抗氧化、抗炎和调节肠道菌群紊乱有关,值得推广应用与开发。

葡萄酒酿造过程CO_(2)的生成规律及回收探究

为密封回收葡萄酒酿造过程中产生的CO_(2),分析赤霞珠和霞多丽葡萄酒精发酵过程中CO_(2)的生成量和浓度变化规律,探究不同开放程度酒精发酵对葡萄酒常规理化指标、颜色、酚类物质及挥发性风味物质的影响。结果表明,CO_(2)生成量可用“S”型模型拟合,CO_(2)浓度变化规律符合Logistic函数。不同开放程度酒精发酵对干白葡萄酒品质的影响,只有总酚含量随开放程度减小而显著降低(P<0.05)。密封式发酵干红葡萄酒还原糖、可滴定酸和挥发酸较高,分别为3.9 g/L、6.79 g/L、0.92 g/L,酒精度、总酚、总花色苷、单宁含量较低,分别为13.1%vol、3.34 g/L、0.32 g/L、2.46 g/L。密封式发酵干白和干红葡萄酒的b*值和色度(Cab值)有所降低,能够有效减少挥发性风味物质的损失,显著提升葡萄酒的果香和花香。因此,在干白葡萄酒整体品质受发酵开放程度的影响小,可尝试在密封式发酵时回收CO_(2);干红葡萄酒发酵过程CO_(2)的密封回收还需要进一步探讨。

红茶菌发酵对天麻活性成分及感官品质的影响

利用传统红茶菌菌群液态发酵天麻,研究发酵过程中其主要活性成分含量变化,并进一步分析红茶菌发酵天麻液的感官品质。结果表明,经红茶菌发酵5 d,天麻发酵液的总酸质量浓度显著上升,导致pH值下降,其中乙酸、琥珀酸有机酸质量浓度增加最为明显。红茶菌发酵也显著提高天麻多酚、总黄酮以及对羟基苯甲醇等活性成分的含量。通过电子鼻结合固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法对天麻发酵液的挥发性成分进行分析,结果表明红茶菌发酵产生多种风味物质;经感官评价得出,红茶菌发酵能够明显减少天麻不愉快气味并赋予其果香味。研究结果可为天麻食品深度开发和利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。

板栗醋发酵工艺优化及挥发性成分分析

为提高板栗资源利用率,开发板栗深加工产品,以板栗为原料,通过酒精和醋酸发酵,研究开发一款新型板栗醋。以感官评价和酸度的综合评分为评价指标,采用单因素和正交试验对板栗醋进行工艺优化。结果表明,酒精发酵优化后工艺条件为酒精发酵温度22℃、酵母菌添加量0.04%、初始糖度17°Brix、酒精发酵时间5 d;醋酸发酵优化后工艺条件为醋酸发酵温度31℃、果醋菌添加量0.04%、装液量40%、转速170 r/min、醋酸发酵时间8 d,优化后板栗醋总酸20.18 g/L,具有黄色透明质感、板栗果香,味道醇厚。采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid phase microextraction,HS-SPME)结合气质联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)测定板栗醋3个发酵阶段的挥发性成分并探究其变化,结果表明,板栗醋3个发酵阶段挥发性成分的含量及种类有明显差异,在板栗浆、酒精发酵和醋酸发酵阶段时,挥发性成分含量最高的分别为乙酸(15.36%)、乙醇(30.26%)和乙酸(41.13%)。

甜酒曲发酵小米酒精饮料工艺优化及其品质分析

为增加小米资源利用率,本文以小米为原料用甜酒曲发酵成小米酒精饮料,采用可溶性固形物、总酸及感官评分为综合评价指标,通过单因素实验和响应面试验研究小米酒精饮料的最佳工艺,并对其营养品质、抗氧化能力和挥发性风味物质进行测定。结果表明:甜酒曲添加量1%、发酵时间3 d、发酵温度32℃为最佳。所得产品可溶性固形物为22.05%,总酸为19.33 g/L,感官评分为89.37分,酒精度0.7%vol,黄酮含量66.78 mg/L,多酚含量65.13 mg/L。所测矿物质中钾含量最高,所测维生素中烟酰胺含量最高,DPPH自由基清除率73.19%,ABTS+自由基清除率34.29%,羟自由基清除率53.72%。此外,共检测到46种挥发性风味物质,种类最多的为酯类和醇类,它们共同赋予小米酒精饮料特有的香气。该产品营养丰富且滋味浓郁、酸甜适中,可为开发以小米为原料的功能性食品提供理论参考。