[Objective] To investigate the effects of amino acid powder, fermented rapeseed meal and fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, amino acid absorption, body composition and liver function of allogynogenti...[Objective] To investigate the effects of amino acid powder, fermented rapeseed meal and fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, amino acid absorption, body composition and liver function of allogynogentic crucian carp. [ Method] The allogynogentic crucian carps with the average initial weight of 17.3 g were divided into control group and six experimental groups randomly. The allogynogentic crucian carps in the control group and experimental groups were fed a basal diet and the basal diets supplemented by amino acid powder, fermented rapeseed meal and fermented cottonseed meal, respectively. The growth rate and specific growth rate of allogynogentic crucian carps, the content of amino acids in serum and feeds, the composition indicators of body, muscle and liver, as well as the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （GPT） and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase （GOT） in liver and serum were determined, respectively. [ Result] The growth rate and specific growth rate （SGR） of allogynogentic crucian carps in the 3% amino acid powder group and the 6% fermented cottonseed meal group were increased greatly （ P 〈 0.05）, and no significant difference was found between experimental group and control group. The serum lysine content of the 3% amino acid powder group and the 6% fermented cottonseed meal group was higher than that of the control group. In the experimental groups, the absorption of four essential amino acids was up to a peak at 4 h after feeding, which was consistent with the control group. The body composition and liver function of allogynogentic crucian carps had no significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group. [ Conclusion] The 3% amino acid powder, 6% fermented cottonseed meal and 6% fermented rapeseed meal can substitute fish meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal to improve the clrowth performance, amino acid absorption of the allogynogentic crucian carps.展开更多
This study was carried out to determine the effect of the age of the leaves and fermentation on in vitro protein digestibility and biochemical properties of leaves powder of Moringa oleifera. A 6 × 2 × 2 fac...This study was carried out to determine the effect of the age of the leaves and fermentation on in vitro protein digestibility and biochemical properties of leaves powder of Moringa oleifera. A 6 × 2 × 2 factorial design with two ages of the leaves (one and seven-month-old leaves), six times of fermentation and two fermentation temperatures was used for this purpose. One and seven-month-old fresh leaves were dried at 45 ℃ for 24 h, crushed to 1000 μm then fermented at 30℃ and 37℃ for 120 hours with Lactobacillus plantarum A6 at 108 CFU/g. Samples were withdrawn every 24 hours for physico-chemical analyses. Results showed that 7 month-old leaves were richer in iron, proteins, polyphenols and phytates than one month old leaves. The phytates content dropped from 66.92% and 61.95% in the seven and one month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 37℃, and from 54.15% and 67.95% in the seven and one month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 30℃. Protein content increased by 26.34% and 24.48% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 37℃, and by 13.06% and 13.97% for the 1and 7month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 30℃. Iron availability increased from 35.97% to 40.57% and 20.74% to 30.98% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 37℃ and from 35.97% to 39.79% and 20.76% to 23.72% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 30℃. There was a negative correlation between pH, total and reducing sugar contents, time as well as fermentation temperature, whereas there was a positive correlation between total protein content and pepsic digestibility of protein and fermentation time. From these results, fermentation of M. oleifera leaf powder by Lactobacillus plantarum A6 increases protein content, pepsic digestibility of protein and availability of iron and reduces the phytates content of these powders.展开更多
以活菌数、水分含量、感官品质、消化特性、贮藏稳定性、干燥能耗和得率为指标,探究发酵豆乳粉的最佳干燥方式。结果表明:真空冷冻干燥处理的发酵豆乳粉具有较高的乳酸菌活菌数、抗性淀粉含量和贮藏稳定性,并具有较好的色泽、外观和冲调...以活菌数、水分含量、感官品质、消化特性、贮藏稳定性、干燥能耗和得率为指标,探究发酵豆乳粉的最佳干燥方式。结果表明:真空冷冻干燥处理的发酵豆乳粉具有较高的乳酸菌活菌数、抗性淀粉含量和贮藏稳定性,并具有较好的色泽、外观和冲调性,但其能耗高,生产效率较低;喷雾干燥处理的发酵豆乳粉具有较好的色泽、外观和冲调性,且水分含量低,其乳酸菌活菌数和贮藏稳定性略低于真空冷冻干燥,贮藏6个月后的活菌数仍能保持在7.31 lg CFU/g,且其干燥速度快,能耗小,适于发酵豆乳粉的规模化生产;与其他两种方式相比,45℃热风干燥处理的发酵豆乳粉冲调性和贮藏稳定性最差。综上,考虑到生产效率、能耗优势和产品质量,建议在发酵豆乳粉生产中运用喷雾干燥技术。展开更多
本试验旨在通过体外发酵法研究不同水平沙葱粉对牦牛瘤胃体外发酵参数、营养物质降解率和微生物区系的影响。采用体外发酵法,在发酵罐中分别加入1 g全混合日粮(TMR,发酵底物)(YZA组)、1 g TMR+1.2%沙葱粉(YLA组)、1 g TMR+2.4%沙葱粉(YM...本试验旨在通过体外发酵法研究不同水平沙葱粉对牦牛瘤胃体外发酵参数、营养物质降解率和微生物区系的影响。采用体外发酵法,在发酵罐中分别加入1 g全混合日粮(TMR,发酵底物)(YZA组)、1 g TMR+1.2%沙葱粉(YLA组)、1 g TMR+2.4%沙葱粉(YMA组)、1 g TMR+3.6%沙葱粉(YHA组),在发酵时间分别到达4、8、16、24、48和72 h时采集发酵液及底物残渣,测定发酵参数、营养物质降解率及微生物区系。结果表明:1)与YZA组相比,发酵从16 h开始,YMA组和YHA组氨态氮(NH3-N)含量均极显著降低(P<0.01),发酵16和72 h时,YMA组和YHA组菌体蛋白(MCP)含量极显著升高(P<0.01);发酵4和16 h时,YLA组和YMA组pH均显著降低(P<0.05),48 h时YMA组pH显著降低(P<0.05),72 h时YMA组pH极显著降低(P<0.01);除72 h外,其余各时间点YLA组和YMA组总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)和乙酸含量显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)升高;各发酵时间点YLA组和YMA组丙酸含量显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)升高。2)与YZA组相比,发酵时间4、24、72 h时,YMA组干物质降解率(DMD)显著升高(P<0.05);发酵4、24、48和72 h时,YMA组和YHA组中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)升高;各发酵时间点,YLA组和YMA组酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)升高。3)不同添加水平沙葱粉并未改变瘤胃主要微生物类群的占比,但可增加属水平普雷沃氏菌科UCG-001(YMA组)和F082(YMA组和YHA组)等有益微生物的相对丰度,提高底物营养物质降解率。4)毛螺菌科UCG-009相对丰度与丙酸含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.982;P<0.01),与DMD呈极显著负相关(r=-0.990;P<0.01),土圈菌DEV114相对丰度与异戊酸含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.998;P<0.01),不动杆菌属相对丰度与丙酸含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.994;P<0.01),与DMD呈极显著正相关(r=0.984;P<0.01)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加2.4%沙葱粉能改善牦牛瘤胃体外发酵参数和营养物质降解率,促进有益菌的增殖,且部分参数变化呈现剂量依赖效应。展开更多
基金supported by the Applied Basic Research Projects of Suzhou City (YJG0912)
文摘[Objective] To investigate the effects of amino acid powder, fermented rapeseed meal and fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, amino acid absorption, body composition and liver function of allogynogentic crucian carp. [ Method] The allogynogentic crucian carps with the average initial weight of 17.3 g were divided into control group and six experimental groups randomly. The allogynogentic crucian carps in the control group and experimental groups were fed a basal diet and the basal diets supplemented by amino acid powder, fermented rapeseed meal and fermented cottonseed meal, respectively. The growth rate and specific growth rate of allogynogentic crucian carps, the content of amino acids in serum and feeds, the composition indicators of body, muscle and liver, as well as the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （GPT） and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase （GOT） in liver and serum were determined, respectively. [ Result] The growth rate and specific growth rate （SGR） of allogynogentic crucian carps in the 3% amino acid powder group and the 6% fermented cottonseed meal group were increased greatly （ P 〈 0.05）, and no significant difference was found between experimental group and control group. The serum lysine content of the 3% amino acid powder group and the 6% fermented cottonseed meal group was higher than that of the control group. In the experimental groups, the absorption of four essential amino acids was up to a peak at 4 h after feeding, which was consistent with the control group. The body composition and liver function of allogynogentic crucian carps had no significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group. [ Conclusion] The 3% amino acid powder, 6% fermented cottonseed meal and 6% fermented rapeseed meal can substitute fish meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal to improve the clrowth performance, amino acid absorption of the allogynogentic crucian carps.
文摘This study was carried out to determine the effect of the age of the leaves and fermentation on in vitro protein digestibility and biochemical properties of leaves powder of Moringa oleifera. A 6 × 2 × 2 factorial design with two ages of the leaves (one and seven-month-old leaves), six times of fermentation and two fermentation temperatures was used for this purpose. One and seven-month-old fresh leaves were dried at 45 ℃ for 24 h, crushed to 1000 μm then fermented at 30℃ and 37℃ for 120 hours with Lactobacillus plantarum A6 at 108 CFU/g. Samples were withdrawn every 24 hours for physico-chemical analyses. Results showed that 7 month-old leaves were richer in iron, proteins, polyphenols and phytates than one month old leaves. The phytates content dropped from 66.92% and 61.95% in the seven and one month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 37℃, and from 54.15% and 67.95% in the seven and one month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 30℃. Protein content increased by 26.34% and 24.48% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively fermented at 37℃, and by 13.06% and 13.97% for the 1and 7month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 30℃. Iron availability increased from 35.97% to 40.57% and 20.74% to 30.98% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 37℃ and from 35.97% to 39.79% and 20.76% to 23.72% for the 1and 7-month-old leaves powders respectively, fermented at 30℃. There was a negative correlation between pH, total and reducing sugar contents, time as well as fermentation temperature, whereas there was a positive correlation between total protein content and pepsic digestibility of protein and fermentation time. From these results, fermentation of M. oleifera leaf powder by Lactobacillus plantarum A6 increases protein content, pepsic digestibility of protein and availability of iron and reduces the phytates content of these powders.
文摘以活菌数、水分含量、感官品质、消化特性、贮藏稳定性、干燥能耗和得率为指标,探究发酵豆乳粉的最佳干燥方式。结果表明:真空冷冻干燥处理的发酵豆乳粉具有较高的乳酸菌活菌数、抗性淀粉含量和贮藏稳定性,并具有较好的色泽、外观和冲调性,但其能耗高,生产效率较低;喷雾干燥处理的发酵豆乳粉具有较好的色泽、外观和冲调性,且水分含量低,其乳酸菌活菌数和贮藏稳定性略低于真空冷冻干燥,贮藏6个月后的活菌数仍能保持在7.31 lg CFU/g,且其干燥速度快,能耗小,适于发酵豆乳粉的规模化生产;与其他两种方式相比,45℃热风干燥处理的发酵豆乳粉冲调性和贮藏稳定性最差。综上,考虑到生产效率、能耗优势和产品质量,建议在发酵豆乳粉生产中运用喷雾干燥技术。
