Identification and fine mapping of a fertility restorer gene for wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility in the elite indica rice non-restorer line 9311

The wild abortive(WA)-type cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS)derived from the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon Griff.is used widely in three-line indica hybrids.The identification and mapping of restorer of fertility(Rf)genes aided in the development of WA-type hybrids.Here we report that testcross F1 plants from the WA-type CMS line and 9311 exhibited stainable pollen grains with no seed set,indicating that 9311 carries minor-effect Rfs for WA-type CMS.We developed an advanced backcross population consisting of plants harboring small regions of donor chromosomal segments from 9311 in the WATianfeng A genetic background with moderate seed setting rates.Genetic analysis showed that the pollen fertility levels of the backcross individuals are governed by a single gene from 9311 that we named Rf19(t).By use of the RICE 40 K gene chip,three introduced segments were identified in the fertile lines,and a candidate region spanning 4.37–8.29 Mb on chromosome 1 was identified for Rf19(t).Finally,Rf19(t)was fine-mapped to a region of 90 kb between the DNA marker loci STS1-163 and STS1-183,in which eight ORFs were predicted.Also,using relative expression analyses,comparative sequence analyses and functional domain analyses,we identified LOC_Os01g10530 as the most likely candidate gene for Rf19(t).Furthermore,Rf19(t)was found to function in fertility restoration,most probably by regulating the degradation of m RNA transcribed from the mitochondrial gene WA352.These results increase our knowledge of fertility restoration in WA-type CMS lines and will facilitate the development of high-quality pairs of WAtype CMS and maintainer lines.

Microsatellite-Aided Screening for Fertility Restoration Genes (Rf) Facilitates Hybrid Improvement

DNA markers enabled to determine the chromosomal locations of the two Rf genes(Rf3 and Rf4) in the wild-abortive cytoplasmic male sterility(WA-CMS) system. Four simple sequence repeats(SSRs) RM171, RM258, RM315 and RM443 were used to detect the allelic status with respect to the fertility restoration genes(Rf3 and Rf4) in 300 rice cultivars or breeding lines. The results revealed that out of 300 lines, 90 lines screened had Rf3, 65 lines had Rf4, and 45 lines had Rf3 and Rf4 alleles. Furthermore, 45 lines selected using SSR markers were mated with a CMS line(IR58025A) to analyze their restoring ability. Offspring of all the test lines except HHZ8-SAL9DT1-Y1, HHZ5-SAL9-Y3-1 and IDSA77 exhibited higher pollen and spikelet fertility(> 80%), thus confirming they bear the Rf alleles. The hybrid offspring of ARH12-6-1-1-B-3-1, IR32307-10-3-2-1 and Sahel 329 had the highest pollen fertility(97.39%, 98.30% and 97.10%, respectively) and spikelet fertility(95.10%, 97.07% and 96.10%, respectively).

The Application of ISSR Markers to Identify the Fertility Restorer Gene Rf6 in T. timopheevii Cytoplasmic MaleSterile Wheat(Triticum aestivum)

Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis was carried out on a F2 population of 147 plants derived from a cross between a wheat male fertility restorer line 2114 and a male sterile line ND44A. Out of 43 primers examined, 18 primers produced distinguishable, polymorphic bands between the two parents. Linkage analysis in the mapping population showed that two markers UBC-808 and UBC-848 were closely linked with the restorer gene Rf6 of the Triticum timopheevii CMS system. The distance between the two markers and the restorer gene was 7.9 cM and 4.9 cM, respectively. Also two parents were screened with 181 pairs of SSR primers, of which, 34.3% showed polymorphisms. But no locus was found linked with the restorer gene. Compared with the SSR technique, the ISSR approach used in the experiment provided more information and proved to be a valuable method to identify alien fragments.

Early embryonic failure caused by a novel mutation in the TUBB8 gene:A case report

BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the relationship between gene mutations and early embryonic development arrest and to provide more possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of repeated implantation failure.CASE SUMMARY Here,we collected and described the clinical data of a patient with early embryonic development stagnation after repeated in vitro fertilization attempts for primary infertility at the Department Reproductive Center of Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital.We also detected the whole-exon gene of the patient's spouse and parents,and conducted bioinformatics analysis to determine the pathogenesis of the gene.CONCLUSION A novel mutant of the TUBB8 gene[c.602G>T(p.C201F)]was identified,and this mutant provided new data on the genotype-phenotype relationships of related diseases.

Genome-wide analysis of Rf-PPR-like(RFL)genes and a new InDel marker development for Rf1 gene in cytoplasmic male sterile CMS-D2 Upland cotton

Background: Cytoplasmic male sterility in flowering plants is a convenient way to use heterosis via hybrid breeding and may be restored by nuclear restorer-of-fertility(Rf) genes. In most cases, Rf genes encoded pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) proteins and several Rf genes are present in clusters of similar Rf-PPR-like(RFL) genes. However, the Rf genes in cotton were not fully characterized until now.Results: In total, 35 RFL genes were identified in G. hirsutum, 16 in G. arboreum, and 24 in G. raimondii. Additionally,four RFL-rich regions were identified; the RFL-rich region in Gh05 is the probable location of Rf-PPR genes in cotton and will be studied further in the future. Furthermore, an insertion sequence was identified in the promoter sequence of Gh05 G3392 gene in the restorer line, as compared with the CMS-D2 line and maintainer lines. An InDel-R marker was then developed and could be used to distinguish the restorer line carrying Rfl from other genotypes without the Rf1 allele.Conclusion: In this study, genome-wide identification and analysis of RFL genes have identified the candidate Rf-PPR genes for CMS in Gossypium. The identification and analysis of RFL genes and sequence variation analysis will be useful for cloning Rf genes in the future and also for three-line hybrid breeding in cotton.

Mapping of Rice Fertility-Restoring Genes for ID-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in a Restorer Line R68

An F2 population derived from the cross Zhong 9A/R68 was used to map the fertility-restoring （Rf） gene for ID-type cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS）. Two bulks （a fertile bulk and a sterile bulk） were constructed by pooling equal amount of ten highly fertile lines and ten highly sterile lines, respectively. Four hundred and thirteen pairs of simple sequence repeat （SSR） primers, which evenly distributed on 12 chromosomes of rice, were selected for analyzing polymorphisms between the parents and between the two bulks. The primer RM283 on chromosome 1 and the primers RM5756, RM258, RM6100 and RM171 on chromosome 10 were found to be polymorphic between the parents and between the two bulks. These five SSR markers were linked to fertility-restoring genes. A total of 82 excessive sterile lines were selected from Zhong 9A/R68 F2 population to estimate the genetic distance between five SSR markers and fertility-restoring genes respectively. The results indicated that one Rf gene was linked to RM283 located on chromosome 1 at a distance of 6.7 cM, and the other Rfgene was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 10 flanked by RM258 and RM6100 at the distances of 8.0 cM and 2.4 cM, respectively.

Development of New InDel Marker to Detect Genotypes of Rf-1a Conferring Fertility Restoration of BT-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Rice

Restorer line breeding is an important approach to enhance the heterosis and improve the yields of japonica hybrid rice. To improve the selection efficiency of restorer lines for BT-type cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） in japonica rice, a functional marker InDeI-Rf-la based on the difference of nucleotide sequence in Rf-la locus between BT-type CMS lines and restorer lines was developed to detect the genotypes of different rice materials. Conventional indica rice varieties, restorer and maintainer lines without 574 bp deletion could restore the fertility for BT-type CMS in japonica rice. By contrast, most conventional japonica rice varieties except Aichi 106 and Yijing 12, with genotype of rf-larf-la showed the 574 bp deletion maintained sterility for BT-type CMS lines. To further verify the effect of genotyping detection in Rf-la locus, this marker was also used to amplify the genomic DNA in different japonica rice restorer lines, CMS lines, hybrids and F2 segregation population, and three genotypes in Rf-la locus could be distinguished distinctly. Therefore, the marker InDeI-Rf-la could be widely used for genetic id^ntifio.~tinn ~nd m^rkp.r-~.~.~i^fp.d .~.tAr.tinn （MA.~ in hr~=dinn i^nnnir~ r^fnr~=r lin==~

The testis-specifically expressed gene Trim69 is not essential for fertility in mice

Protein ubiquitination is essential for diverse cellular functions including spermatogenesis.The tripartite motif(TRIM)family proteins,most of which have E3 ubiquitin ligase activity,are highly conserved in mammals.They are involved in important cellular processes such as embryonic development,immunity,and fertility.Our previous studies indicated that Trim69,a testis-specific expressed TRIM family gene,potentially participates in the spermatogenesis by mediating testicular cells apoptosis.In this study,we investigated the biological functions of Trim69 in male mice by established Trim69 knockout mice with CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing technology.Here,we reported that the male Trim69 knockout mice had normal fertility.The adult knockout mice have shown that the appearance of testes,testis/body weight ratios,testicular histomorphology,and the number and quality of sperm were consistent with wild-type mice.These results indicated that the E3 ubiquitin ligase protein Trim69 was not essential for male mouse fertility,and it might be compensated by other TRIM family members such as Trim58 in Trim69-deficiency testis.This study would help to elucidate the functions of tripartite motif protein family and the regulation of spermatogenesis.

大豆CMS-RN型不育系育性恢复基因GmRf1的初步鉴定及其分子标记开发

在大豆杂种优势利用中,主要基于三系法进行杂交大豆品种选育。恢复系作为杂交种的父本,其所含的育性恢复(Rf,restorer-of-fertility)基因起决定作用。前期对大豆RN型细胞质雄性不育恢复系的育性恢复基因GmRf1进行了精细定位。本研究在此基础上,对GmRf1定位区间内的候选基因进行功能注释、亚细胞定位预测、序列比对和差异表达分析,明确了Glyma.16G161900基因在恢复系JLR230中所编码的1个576个氨基酸的PPR(Pentatricopeptide repeats)蛋白为GmRf1。进一步对含有GmRf1的对照材料Williams82与母本不育系JLCMS204A进行测交及F_(1)植株花粉育性鉴定,验证了GmRf1可以恢复CMS-RN型不育系育性。最后利用GmRf1在亲本间存在的单核苷酸突变位点,开发了功能性分子标记Rf1-dCAPS-2和Rf1-dCAPS-3。上述研究将为今后通过分子标记筛选或辅助选育含GmRf1基因型材料,以及通过基因工程手段创制新型恢复系奠定了理论和技术基础。

Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Synergistic Fertilizer on Enzymes and Genes Related to Nitrogen Metabolism in Wheat

In recent years,in order to improve nutrient use efficiency,especially nitrogen use efficiency,fertilizer valueadded technology has been developed rapidly.However,the mechanism of the effect of synergistic fertilizer on plant nitrogen utilization is not clear.A study was,therefore,conducted to explore the activities and gene expression of key enzymes for nitrogen assimilation and the gene expression of nitrogen transporters in wheat after the application of synergistic fertilizer.Soil column experiment was set up in Qingdao Agricultural University experimental base from October 2018 to June 2019.Maleic acid and itaconic acid were copolymerized with acrylic acid as cross-linking monomer to make a fluid gel,which was sprayed on the fertilizer surface to make nitrogen and phosphorus synergistic fertilizer.A total of 6 treatments was set according to different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer ratios:(1)100%common nitrogen fertilizer+100%common phosphate fertilizer(2)70%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(3)100%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+70%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(4)100%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(5)70%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+70%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer;(6)100%commercial nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%commercial phosphorus synergistic fertilizer.The results are as follows:(1)the enzyme activities of wheat plants under synergistic fertilizer condition were higher than those under ordinary fertilizer,except under the treatment that nitrogen and phosphorus synergistic fertilizer were both reduced;(2)the expression level of the genes under the treatment“100%nitrogen synergistic fertilizer+100%phosphorus synergistic fertilizer”was significantly higher than those in other treatments.Combined with the higher performance of nitrogen concentration in various parts of the plant under the condition of applying synergistic fertilizer,this study indicated that the application of synergistic fertilizer can improve the nitrogen metabolism of the plant by increasing the nitrogen level in the rhizosphere soil,inducing the expression of nitrogen transporter genes and key assimilation enzymes genes.

Breeding lines with neutral genes to improve fertility of intersubspecific hybrid rice

Since the sterility-neutral allele S~n has been incorporatedinto indica or japonica varieties, many intersubspecifichybrids have been released commercially. These hybridsshowed high heterosis, but some of them exhibited unstableseed setting rate under low temperature. When the hybridsflowered at low temperature, the fertility of female gamete

葡萄IRT基因的克隆、鉴定及其对氨基酸-铁复合肥的响应特征

为揭示葡萄铁素吸收与转运的分子机制,明确铁调节转运蛋白编码基因VvIRT在葡萄果实不同发育时期的表达差异及其对叶面喷施氨基酸-铁复合肥的响应特征,本研究以烟酿1号为材料,分离并克隆葡萄铁调节转运蛋白编码基因IRT,分析IRT基因分布、结构及其编码蛋白质的保守基序等特征;设置叶面喷施氨基酸-铁复合肥处理,利用实时荧光定量PCR分析烟酿1号IRT基因在果实不同发育时期的表达差异及其对叶面喷施处理的响应特征。结果表明:在葡萄基因组中克隆得到10个VvIRT基因(VvIRT1~VvIRT10),分布在7条染色体上。其编码蛋白质均含有Fe^(2+)转运蛋白或锌/铁转运体(PF02535),属于典型的铁调节蛋白。VvIRT1、VvIRT2、VvIRT4、VvIRT5、VvIRT8等基因编码的蛋白质属于碱性蛋白质,而其他5个蛋白质属于酸性蛋白质。VvIRT5蛋白和VvIRT8蛋白属于不稳定蛋白,其他8个蛋白为稳定蛋白。VvIRT7蛋白主要定位于液泡膜,其他蛋白质均主要定位于细胞质膜。VvIRT7在葡萄果实不同发育时期各组织中的整体表达水平都是最高的,其次为VvIRT9和VvIRT6,而VvIRT1、VvIRT3、VvIRT5、VvIRT8和VvIRT10在葡萄果实发育过程中均无表达。叶面喷施铁肥处理下,韧皮部中VvIRT7表达量和果实及韧皮部中VvIRT9表达量在花后35 d(幼果期)至70 d(转色期)明显增加,而在花后85 d(第2次膨大期)至115 d(成熟期),韧皮部和叶片中VvIRT7和VvIRT9表达量明显减少。因此,葡萄VvIRT基因对叶面喷施铁肥的响应特征与果实发育时期及器官类型密切相关,VvIRT7、VvIRT9基因编码蛋白质是葡萄果实发育过程中2个重要的铁调节转运蛋白。

施肥对我国黑土农田土壤微生物群落多样性影响的研究及展望

东北黑土是珍贵的土壤资源,由于长期的重用轻养,农田黑土退化问题已是一个不争的事实。施肥是保持/提高黑土农田生产力、保障作物产量的一项重要的农艺措施。本文综述了长期施用有机肥、无机肥、有机无机肥配施,以及无机肥氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)及其不同的组合施肥对黑土农田土壤细菌、真菌、固氮菌、反硝化细菌等微生物的数量、群落alpha多样性和beta多样性等方面影响的最新研究进展。发现研究结果因试验地点、季节气候、试验处理、目标微生物种类、甚至研究者的采样年限而不同。多数研究发现,长期施用化肥,特别是氮肥显著地降低了细菌丰度和alpha多样性指数,但对真菌丰度和alpha多样性指数影响不显著。不同施肥明显改变了黑土微生物beta多样性,但这种改变是有限的,相同施肥处理没有驱动不同试验地点土壤微生物群落结构同质化演替,表明东北黑土微生物分布具有很强的地域性。对长期施用不同的无机肥研究发现,N素较P素和K素在驱动黑土农田土壤微生物群落变化上作用更为明显。在论述长期施用有机肥改变土壤微生物群落结构的同时,也阐述了有机肥施用带来潜在的抗生素抗性基因污染的生态风险及对抗性基因的阻控措施。文章最后总结了目前施肥影响黑土农田微生物研究中存在的不足之处,并提出5点未来应加强的研究建议。

辣椒雄性不育分子研究进展

为对辣椒雄性不育分子研究取得的进展有更直观、系统、深入的了解,梳理已鉴定的辣椒核雄性不育(NMS)基因及部分NMS基因分子标记开发,重点阐述近年来核雄性不育基因精细定位及候选基因探究工作;同时回顾辣椒胞质雄性不育(CMS)相关的线粒体不育基因及其关联分子标记和CMS恢复基因分子标记开发,重点概述近年来恢复基因精细定位研究取得的进展。研究指出,精细定位NMS基因,明确候选基因并开发功能标记是辣椒NMS研究的重点,既能为探明辣椒NMS机理奠定基础又可为育种提供高效利用的分子标记。而CMS相较于NMS更为复杂,表现在遗传机制多样且更易受环境影响等方面,因此,从对CMS育性恢复基因的精细定位到基因克隆以及功能研究并探明CMS分子机制还有很长的一段路要走。

分子标记辅助选择聚合棉花Rf1育性恢复基因和抗虫Bt基因

胞质雄性不育恢复系 0 - 6 13- 2R与转Bt基因抗虫棉R0 19(轮回亲本 )杂交、回交产生BC2 群体。利用CMS恢复基因Rf1紧密连锁的 3个SSR标记和Bt基因的PCR标记开展分子标记辅助选择培育聚合有Rf1和Bt的转基因抗虫棉恢复系。在分析的 5 9个BC2 单株中 5 5株存在恢复基因标记 ,5 4株存在Bt基因 ;综合标记分析结果 ,共获得 5 4个同时具Rf1与Bt基因的聚合单株 ;这些聚合单株自交后 ,通过标记辅助选择 ,获得 10株含Bt基因且Rf1纯合的单株。

野败型水稻细胞质雄性不育恢复基因Rf-4的分子标记定位

为了用分子标记准确定位野败型水稻细胞质雄性不育恢复基因Rf 4 ,将日本水稻基因组项目 (RiceGenomeProgram ,RGP)构建的水稻遗传连锁图谱第 10染色体分子遗传图上的分子标记R1877和G2 15 5之间对应区域YAC物理图上的 6个YAC克隆进行了亚克隆 ,获得 119个片段。对这些探针进行多态性探查 ,获得了 2个多态分子标记。用珍汕 97A和恢复基因近等基因系的杂种F2 分离群体中的 117完全不育株进行连锁分析表明 ,从YAC4 892获得的亚克隆Y3 8与Rf 4座位的连锁距离为 0 .9cM ,从YAC4 6 30获得的亚克隆Y1 10与Rf 4座位的连锁距离为3.2cM。根据以上结果把Rf 4座位定位于第 10染色体的特定位置 ,为该基因的分子标记辅助选择和定位克隆打下了基础。

Rf-1位点CAPS标记对水稻不同胞质雄性不育育性恢复系的关系分析

水稻育性恢复基因Rf-1是目前水稻上克隆的唯一恢复基因。通过位于Rf-1位点的两个特异性CAPS(cleavable amplified polymorphic sequences)标记对滇Ⅰ型、野败型、红莲型及BT型恢复系基因型分析,发现这四种不同胞质的恢复系在Rf-1位点具有相同的带型,滇Ⅰ型的两个保持系具有不同的带型。结果表明这四种不同胞质系统的恢复系均具有Rf-1基因。该结论与从恢复系选育的系谱分析的结果相一致的。

MRFs基因家族对肉品质的影响

肌肉调节因子(MRFs)基因家族编码4种肌肉特异性转录因子,分别是MyoD、MyoG、Myf5和Myf6,它们是控制骨骼肌生成的关键调节因子,共同控制肌肉的生成。研究表明,这些肌肉特异性转录因子与肌肉生长和肉质有着密切的关系。本文就生肌调节因子MRFs家族的结构特性、作用机理及各成员对肉质的影响进行了综述,并对其研究进展及应用前景进行了讨论。

玉米C型Cms育性恢复基因Rf4的SSR标记

对A6 19与Cms2 37F2 及BC1群体的育性观察结果表明 ,恢复系A6 19有一对恢复基因 ,用微卫星标记 (SSR)将A6 19的恢复基因定位在玉米第 8染色体短臂上 ,与SSR引物bnlg 2 30 7连锁 ,距bnlg2 30 712 .