The Social Significance of Dickens＇s Oliver Twist

Charles Dickens （1812-1870） is a 19th century British writer, and he is the main representative of realism. Oliver Twist is the first social novel that discloses a variety of evils under the world of money. In this novel, his childhood＇s experiences supply Dickens a large quantity of writing materials. The author holds a decent moral code and encourages government to reform. It is of profound meaning for constructing harmonious and modem society.

The Profound Revelation of Human Social Relations and the Profound Realization of Information Right of Citizens——The social significance of network technique advancement in the perspective of “Entity Cube”

The R＆D group of relationship searching in Microsoft Asia Research Institute explains ＂Entity Cube＂ launched in 2008 as follows：

Social Significance as Reflected in the Great Gatsby

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, short story and long story writer of American culture history in twentieth century. His representatives "The Great Gatsby," is set in the context of the twenties of the twentieth century in New York City, tells the story: a young and mysterious millionaire Gatsby has been courting Daisy. Under such a story, reveals the fact: American society was reflected in emptiness, pleasure, contradictory spiritual ideas, praise people who fought for the ideals and spirit of dedication.These articles start from the Social Significance as Reflected in The Great Gatsby.

An Analysis of the Social Significance of Hemingway's women characters

This paper expounds the social significance of Hemingway’s women characters. Through his colorful characterization, Hemingway exposes the social contradictions, the physical and psychic traumas the women had in the war and depicts these women characters’ pursuit of normal life, true love, and domestic happiness even in the turbulent and dangerous conditions of the war.

The Difficulties in Raising Fertility Rates-The Deficiencies and Improvements of the Maternity Protection System for Women of Childbearing Age

Fertility policies consist of not only the legal definition of"procreation",but also the"maternity"protection system,the complete set of selfconsistent social relations and policy systems formed around"fertility".Gender,labor and intergenerational relations are the cornerstones of a fertility policy system.In this framework,we focus on women of childbearing age as the main actors of reproductive behaviors,to research how drastic social changes have altered women,the above-mentioned relations,and policy support and analyze the structural factors that restrict women’s reproductive intentions.The traditional male breadwinner model,which can no longer prevail and the relatively slow development of maternity protection policies and service systems leave women of childbearing age in a dilemma between working hours and birth timing.Therefore,maternity protection policies should focus on improved decommodification of maternity insurance and the construction of women and children’s social welfare systems including childcare social service systems.

Frequency of Monthly Ejaculation at Sexual Intercourse, DNA Fragmentation Index and Fertilization Rate among Sperm Donors and Fertility-Challenged Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: Paper 2

Introduction: Heterogenous sexual intercourse often produces a powerful orgasm that stimulates the pituitary function. Studies have suggested ejaculation frequency based on age. Materials and Methods: Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect information from subjects. Semen samples were collected from sperm donors and sub-fertile men who presented for infertility challenges. Processing and analysis of semen samples were done according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation was evaluated using the Halosperm kit. Results: Among sperm donors, those aged χ2 = 0.09, P-value = 0.81, OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 0.23, 45.19) while among sub-fertile men those aged ≥40 years were approximately 2.3 times more likely to have very low frequency of MESI compared to aged χ2 = 2.11, P-value = 0.51, OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 0.74, 9.92). The frequency of all categories of MESI was highest among sub-fertile men aged χ2 = 0.03, P-value = 0.57, OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 0.41, 14.46). Sub-fertile men aged ≥40 with diastolic hypertension (≥90 mmHg) were approximately 6 times more likely to have a low (6 - 10) frequency of MESI compared to those aged χ2 = 1.97, P-value = 0.16, OR = 6.22, 95% CI: 0.69, 55.77). Overall mean fertilization rate was significantly higher (t-test = 2.44, P-value = 0.01) among sub-fertile men aged Conclusion: Cigarette smoking, more than alcohol consumption, appears to be a major factor that significantly affects the frequency of MESI among sub-fertile men in all age groups. Frequency of MESI negatively but insignificantly correlated with systolic blood pressure.

The Multifaceted Impact of Education on Fertility:Unpacking the"BASIC"Effects in China

Research is increasingly showing that the impact of education on fertility can result in various and sometimes conflicting outcomes.Using data from the China General Social Survey,this study investigates this issue by exploring five channels(the five"BASIC"effects-base,ambition,spouse,income,and concept effects)through which education might influence diferent fertility behaviors.Using the number of Confucian temples in a region as an instrumental variable for education and employing the two-stage least squares estimation,the results indicate that after taking into account the BASIC effects,the impact of education on actual fertility behavior-both the number of children and the decision to have children-becomes insignificant.However,the negative influence of education on fertility intentions persists.This suggests that,although an increase in the level of education may reduce people's desire to have children,the actual fertility behavior can be influenced more by factors such as individual work status(the base effect)and personal expectations(the ambition effect).These findings provide new insights to assist China to optimize its population policy further,helping policymakers to understand better how education affects fertility choices and to formulate more precise population development strategies.

Fertility control of Rattus nitidus using quinestrol:effects on reproductive organs and social behavior

Fertility control has been identified by studies in the laboratory and the field as a more appropriate and long-term control strategy for rodent pests than lethal control.In this study,we investigated the effects of quinestrol on mass of reproductive organs and on social behaviors in female and male Himalayan field rats(Rattus nitidus).A total of 16 adult females and 16 adult males were randomly assigned to 4 groups.One male and one female group were fed rice with 0.005%quinestrol by weight for 7 days,and another 2 groups were fed rice only.After 7 days,rats were assigned to 10 min dyadic encounters between groups,and investigation,aggression,defense and attack latency were quantified.All animals were killed on day 10,and reproductive organs were dissected and weighed.Dyadic encounter data showed that there were obvious changes in social behaviors of quinestrol-treated rats.Quinestrol significantly inhibited the investigative behavior of quinestrol-treated males toward control females in Rattus nitidus,but seldom affected investigation between control males and quinestrol-treated females.Aggression of control females toward quinestrol-treated males was higher than that of quinestrol-treated females,and defense of quinestrol-treated males toward control females was more remarkable than that of control males.Quinestrol remarkably decreased wet masses of epididymis and spermotophore in males and ovaries in females,but had no effect on wet masses of testes and uteri after quinestrol treatment.These results indicate that the anti-fertility effects of quinestrol on R.nitidus are attributed to not only suppressing reproductive organs but also impacting social behaviors associated with territory defense and mate choice.

The better future projections the more childbirth:the association between subjective social status and fertility desire of the Chinese population

Previous research has detailed how social status affects the willingness to have children.However,subjective social status(SSS)derived from a comparison with a reference group also has an important impact on fertility desire.This study explores the relationship between the past,present,and future SSS and fertility desire,using data from the Chinese General Social Survey,a nationally representative population survey conducted in 2017(N=4,864).The study found that the individual’s fertility desire is positively enhanced by the current SSS,the expected SSS in the future,and the upward trend of SSS throughout the course of life.Compared with the group with a low level of SSS and with little change in SSS,the fertility desire of the group with"Rising first and then stable"SSS and"Rising"SSS significantly increased.The results suggest that the expectation of positive changes in social status will stimulate fertility desires and produce long-term family plans.With the rapid development of China’s social economy and the positive response to the low fertility rate,social policies should be adopted to open up channels for the protection and improvement of the social status of citizens and to achieve an increase of fertility desire.

On the Global Significance of XI Jinping＇s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

XI Jinping＇s thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era contains Chinesewisdom for the development of socialism in the world,Chinese experience of realizing modernization in adeveloping country,and Chinese solution to the global governing. It clarifies the theoretical puzzlement of ＂theend of history＂,＂the clash of civilizations＂and ＂Western centrism＂,so that it plays an important role inhuman intellectual history. Therefore,one should adopt an international vision and a global perspective tounderstand and evaluate the theoretical significance and practical value of XI Jinpings thought on socialismwith Chinese characteristics for a new era.

An Exploration of the Economic Significance of Social Security

The modem social security carries some elements of humanitarianism or social stability, but it is more an economic means. It can reduce overproduction, increase effective demand and facilitate the balance between the demand and supply, and prevent the frequent occurrence of economic crisis. All the creatures of the God are there for a reason. The amount of production is based on the amount of currency. But some parts of currency are transformed into savings, and savings cannot be turned into investment immediately. The entailing overproduction breaks the balance between the demand and supply, and results in economic crisis. In modem society, it is the social security or those ＂lazy bones＂ that represses and eliminates the overproduction, which can be expressed by the equation： Savings = Investment ＋ Social security （consumption）. In this way, the balance between the demand and supply is realized.and the social production and life can continue in a normal way.

China’s Low Fertility Rate from the Perspective of Gender and Development

Fertility and other demographic indicators do not simply follow the ups and downs of policy.In order to understand more objectively and accurately the degree of acceptance,impact and actual effect of the unconditional two-child policy(quanmian erhai zhengce)as well as the long-term trend of China’s fertility rate,we need to proceed from the institutional and cultural context of Chinese society.The complex social mechanisms behind the low fertility situation in China should be interpreted from the perspective of gender and development.Drawing on international theories and lessons learned from past experience,we find,from a gender and development perspective,that women’s workfamily conflict is the key to examining China’s low fertility rate;designing public policy with a gender perspective to promote the participation of government,society,business and multiple male and female actors is a social mechanism that alleviates women’s work-family conflict;and advocating the Marxist gender ideology of equality between men and women and abandoning traditional Confucian patriarchal and familial thinking are the ideological basis for alleviating women’s work-family conflict.In view of the dual identity of women as material producers and social reproducers,promoting the simultaneous development of gender equality in the public and private sectors and alleviating women’s work-family conflicts will make a positive contribution to maintaining a certain fertility rate and level of economic development.

Practical Significance of Rural Survey of the Communist Party of China after Reform and Opening up

Conducting rural social investigation is the excellent tradition of the Communist Party of China.Since the reform and opening up,the Communist Party of China has undertaken several times of rural investigation,fully grasped the first-hand data of rural development situation of China,and formulated scientific policies and measures.These promote tremendous changes in rural development.Rural investigation of the Communist Party of China covers a wide range of topics,including politics,economy,education,science and technology,health care,sanitation,and population.Undertaking detailed investigation in rural areas is of great significance for development of rural society,scientific administration of the Communist Party of China,and the construction of the socialist society with Chinese characteristics.

患者同伴支持的喜与忧质性研究

运用参与型实地观察、质性访谈法和扎根理论等方法对患者同伴支持进行研究。研究发现,一方面,同伴支持网络作为一种“多赢”的社会支持模式,在许多病种患者群体中取得了积极效果,成为了病友之间的情感寄托,有利于缓和紧张的医患关系,改善病友与社会的联结,提高病患及其照顾家属的身心健康和社会福利水平;另一方面,也出现了某些突破同伴支持边界的行为,给病友造成情感以及财产上的损失,甚至因为援助过度而将自己陷入了非法领域。

延长产假对流动女性“生育—失业”的影响基于全国流动人口调查数据

本研究提出延长产假的“社会分化效应假说”,来重新解释因为延长产假而在流动女性群体中出现的“生育—失业悖论”,并利用2016年中国各省份的《人口与计划生育条例》修订这一外生事件和2016年、2018年全国流动人口调查数据,对该理论进行检验。研究发现,延长产假能够有效提升流动女性的二孩生育意愿,但同时也会显著增加流动女性的失业风险,产假每延长1个月,流动女性失业的概率就会增加11.76%。但是,产假延长只提升了高社会经济地位流动女性的二孩生育意愿,却使得低社会经济地位流动女性的失业风险升高。作为保护弱势群体的家庭政策,产假延长政策在实施过程中产生了新的不平等,使低社会经济地位流动女性陷入更困难的境地。本研究不仅拓展了低生育问题研究视域,也为完善公共政策和引导现代家庭发展提供了理论参考。

利益分化与育儿成本的情境性:低生育率的结构成因

低生育率现象对中国人口发展的影响不容忽视。文化价值论和成本—收益论是以往解释生育现象的主要视角,其中育儿成本对生育意愿和生育决策的影响更是被国内研究所重视。然而,相关讨论忽视了育儿成本的社会情境性。对1990年代以来中国社会经济利益结构变化的分析表明,社会经济利益差异的快速拉大、社会流动率及流动预期的提升,这两个社会结构性特征改变了发展性育儿成本,并通过“地位焦虑”提升了人们感知的育儿成本,进而影响其生育意愿和生育决策。通过降低育儿成本的方式逆转低生育现象,其根本在于调整社会经济利益格局。

我国社会体育指导员制度实施30年:历程、意蕴与完善

我国社会体育指导员制度是改革开放后较早建立的体育制度,至今已实施30年。30年来,随着经济社会和体育事业发展,该制度不断调整和优化,对中国式体育现代化和全民健身发展发挥了重要作用,提供了基础性的工作支撑和规范保障。为做好该制度实施的总结思考和进一步推进的发展探讨,将制度发展历程划分为3个阶段,并描述概括其发展样态;从多个视角探究制度发展的多元推进动力与深刻时代意涵;进而从直面难题提升治理、落实《体育法》完善配套和解决各类社会体育指导员工作发展突出问题等重点方面,针对面临的各种现实需求与挑战,提出进一步发展完善该制度的应对方策。

比较视野下中国式现代化的突破与创新

中国式现代化以其全新理论和实践探索出一条同西方现代化模式和特质相迥异的新路径、新选择,全面彻底地突破了传统的现代化认知。中国式现代化在物质文明领域以共同富裕突破了西方式现代化的两极分化,在精神文明领域以文明互鉴突破了西方式现代化的文明冲突,在政治文明领域以人民中心突破了西方式现代化的资本中心,在社会文明领域以整体协调的社会发展突破了西方式现代化畸形片面的社会发展,在生态文明领域以人与自然和合共生突破了西方式现代化的人类中心主义。为现代化理论与实践创新做出新贡献,为世界社会主义运动提供新借鉴,为人类文明形态的理解提供新表达,在人类社会发展史上具有开创性和划时代的重大意义。

胚胎移植女性孕早期睡眠质量及关联因素分析

背景胚胎移植女性经受了身体和心理的双重挑战,孕早期的生活质量,尤其是睡眠质量会受到较大的影响。目的分析胚胎移植女性孕早期睡眠质量及相关影响因素。方法选取2022年6—12月于河北医科大学第二医院生殖医学科进行体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)助孕成功的患者,在其移植后45 d返院复查B超时进行问卷调查,调查内容包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、中文简化版心理弹性量表(Connor Davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)和社会支持评定量表。以PSQI>7分为判断睡眠障碍的标准,通过多因素Logistic回归模型分析睡眠质量与各个影响因素的关系,并使用信息增益算法对影响睡眠质量的主要因素进行影响程度评估。结果发放问卷336份,回收325份,回收率96.7%。325例IVF-ET孕妇年龄(32.46±4.52)岁,睡眠质量总分为(7.79±3.63)分,其中126例孕妇总分≤7分为睡眠正常组,199例孕妇总分>7分为睡眠障碍组(61.23%,199/325)。相关心理学评估:焦虑自评量表(43.75±8.86)分;抑郁自评量表(50.89±10.54)分;心理弹性量表总分(64.18±11.34),其中坚韧性(32.66±10.28)分,力量性(21.75±6.37)分,乐观性(9.74±3.26)分;社会支持评定量表总分为(42.27±4.93)分,其中客观支持(9.15±2.13)分,主观支持(25.30±4.26)分,对支持的利用度(7.82±1.91)分。Logistic回归结果提示,年龄越大、越焦虑,越容易出现睡眠障碍;文化程度中,以初中及以下人群作为参照,高中或中专学历的人群更不容易出现睡眠障碍;心理弹性水平越高,睡眠障碍出现概率越低(P均<0.05)。信息增益分析结果显示,影响睡眠质量的因素按影响力大小依次为心理弹性中的坚韧性(1.186)、社会支持量表中的主观支持分(0.807)、心理弹性量表中的力量性(0.806)、心理弹性量表中的乐观性(0.510)、社会支持量表中的对支持的利用度(0.422)、文化程度(0.419)、客观支持分(0.391)、职业(0.216)、婆媳关系(0.213)、SAS(0.192)、SDS(0.162)、第几次移植(0.146)、年龄(0.117)、第几次取卵(0.108)、社会支持总分(0.107)、现有子女个数(0.088)、月收入(0.082)、夫妻关系(0.051)、居住地(0.035)。结论胚胎移植女性在孕早期睡眠质量较差;患者的不良心理状态对睡眠有负面影响,而心理弹性和社会支持对睡眠质量则起到了积极的正面影响,临床可以从改善患者心理弹性状态、增加社会支持方向入手,帮助IVF-ET孕妇从孕早期开始改善睡眠质量,从而提高生活质量,保证母婴健康。

“断代”现象的蔓延及其后果研究

现代年轻人的婚育观念与传统普婚普育文化发生了激烈碰撞,越来越多的年轻人抗拒生育,甚至抗拒结婚,进而出现了“断代”现象,并迅速蔓延开来。“断代”指不育而导致的“绝后”现象。当个人生命历程嵌入刚性的制度环境中,给生育带来了更大的时间配置压力时,媒介环境又使得消极生育观念迅速弥散。一方面,传统结婚生育的单一路径选择被打破,人们可以自主选择期望的人生,另一方面,亦需关注终身不育所带来的消极影响,即更可能出现个体层面的孤独至死与宏观层面的人类社会难以为继等后果。