The effect of nitrogen fertilization on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence was studied in field-grown winter wheat during grain filling underrainfed conditions in Loess Plateau. Results showed that the actual photochemical...The effect of nitrogen fertilization on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence was studied in field-grown winter wheat during grain filling underrainfed conditions in Loess Plateau. Results showed that the actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ reaction center (F PSⅡ)decreased significantly as leaf water stress progressed, however, the F PS was increased by nitrogen fertilization. The F PSⅡ of 0, 90 and180 kg ha-1 nitrogen treatments at noon were 0.197, 0.279 and 0.283, respectively, which decreased by 57.7, 56.4 and 40.2% as comparedto those in the morning. In the afternoon, the F PSⅡ partialy or completely recovered to the levels in the morning. The values of F PS Ⅱin 0 and 90kgha-1 treatments recovered to 87.3 and 81.5% of those in the morning. In 180kgha-1 treatment, the F PSⅡ in the afternoonwas even higher than that in the morning. Application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qNP). These results indicated thatapplication of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the light energy conversion efficiency, the potential activity of photosynthetic reactioncenter, and the non-photochemical dissipation of excess light energy, which can prevent leaf photosynthetic apparatus from damage ofenvironmental stress. However, there was no significant difference in the values of F PSⅡbetween 90 and 180kgha-1 nitrogentreatments, indicating that the excess nitrogen was unfavorable to photosynthesis.展开更多
为利用作物模型模拟寻找田间尺度上合理的氮肥管理措施,该研究利用黄土高原旱区多年冬小麦-春玉米轮作试验(2004-2011)和两年冬小麦施肥试验(2010-2012)对根区水质模型(root zone water quality model-version 2,RZWQM2)进行率定和验证...为利用作物模型模拟寻找田间尺度上合理的氮肥管理措施,该研究利用黄土高原旱区多年冬小麦-春玉米轮作试验(2004-2011)和两年冬小麦施肥试验(2010-2012)对根区水质模型(root zone water quality model-version 2,RZWQM2)进行率定和验证,验证该模型在当地的适用性;并结合当地56 a历史气象数据,利用模型模拟研究旱区冬小麦在不同降水年型下最佳氮肥管理模式。结果表明RZWQM2在不同降水年型下均可以较好地模拟黄土高原旱区作物生长发育、产量指标和土壤水分的动态变化,并且能够较好地模拟不同施肥方式下冬小麦的产量和氮素指标;黄土高原旱区120~150 kg/hm^2(以N计)的底肥基本可以满足不同降雨年型下冬小麦稳产高产的需要;冬小麦单次追肥的最佳追肥时期为返青期至拔节期;在90 kg/hm^2底施氮肥的基础上,丰水年54~72 kg/hm^2的追氮量,平水年36~54 kg/hm^2的追氮量,干旱年18~36 kg/hm^2的追氮量,不但可以满足冬小麦高产的要求,并且维持氮素收获指数在较高水平。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30270801).
文摘The effect of nitrogen fertilization on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence was studied in field-grown winter wheat during grain filling underrainfed conditions in Loess Plateau. Results showed that the actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ reaction center (F PSⅡ)decreased significantly as leaf water stress progressed, however, the F PS was increased by nitrogen fertilization. The F PSⅡ of 0, 90 and180 kg ha-1 nitrogen treatments at noon were 0.197, 0.279 and 0.283, respectively, which decreased by 57.7, 56.4 and 40.2% as comparedto those in the morning. In the afternoon, the F PSⅡ partialy or completely recovered to the levels in the morning. The values of F PS Ⅱin 0 and 90kgha-1 treatments recovered to 87.3 and 81.5% of those in the morning. In 180kgha-1 treatment, the F PSⅡ in the afternoonwas even higher than that in the morning. Application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qNP). These results indicated thatapplication of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the light energy conversion efficiency, the potential activity of photosynthetic reactioncenter, and the non-photochemical dissipation of excess light energy, which can prevent leaf photosynthetic apparatus from damage ofenvironmental stress. However, there was no significant difference in the values of F PSⅡbetween 90 and 180kgha-1 nitrogentreatments, indicating that the excess nitrogen was unfavorable to photosynthesis.