Effect Models of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Formulation in Banana

[Objective] The aim was to modify the application amount of N,P and K fertilizer so as to provide a reference for establishing balanced fertilization index system of banana.[Method]The N,P and K fertilizer ＂3414＂ test was carried out on banana,and then regression analysis was performed on the fertilizer effect.Ternary quadratic,binary quadric and one-variable quadratic regression equations for the fertilizer effect on the banana yield were constructed.[Result]Suitable amount of N,P and K fertilizer had significant yield improving effect,whereas overdose of fertilizer application led to decreasing of utilization rate of fertilizer.Therefore,suitable amount of N,P and K fertilizer should be selected in production.It could be concluded that one-variable quadratic regression equations was the best model to calculate the suitable fertilizer amount.The best yield range of banana in the tested field was 44.193-45.904 t/hm2,while the corresponding optimum application amount of N,P2O5 and K2O was 795.1,262.3 and 1 236.9 kg/hm2 respectively,and the ratio among nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium are 1∶0.33∶1.55.[Conclusion]The result in this study could provide references for the soil types similar to the tested field.

Effects of Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium Combined Fertilization on Rice Yield and Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Jianghan Plain

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the rational formula for rice fertilization in Jianghan Plain.[Methods]An experiment on the combined application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers was carried out in Jianghan Plain,an important rice producing area in Hubei,with a total of five treatments to study the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the fertilizer use efficiency and yield of rice.[Results]Fertilization had a significant effect on improving rice yield,and nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest effect on rice yield,followed by potassium fertilizer and phosphorous fertilizer.[Conclusions]This study provides a scientific basis for the application of rice fertilizers and the reduction and efficiency improvement of chemical fertilizers in Jianghan Plain.

Impacts of Land Use, Fertilizer and Manure Application on the Stream Nutrient Loadings in the Salmon River Watershed, South-Central British Columbia, Canada

Manure and fertilizer applications can increase soil productivity and land economic values, but the controversial result can be a decline of water quality due to the increased nutrient exports from soils to the streams. The impacts of landuse, manure and fertilizer application on nutrient exports from soils to the streams were analyzed using the SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) model for the Salmon River watershed in south-central British Columbia, Canada. The results showed that the animal farms had the highest rates of nutrient exports from soils to the streams and the natural forested lands had the lowest. It was estimated that the whole Salmon River watershed would export approximately 11.52 t·yr-1 of organic nitrogen (ON), 8.05 t·yr-1 of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), 2.30 t·yr-1 of organic phosphorus (OP) and 1.36 t·yr-1 of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) if the whole watershed was covered by natural vegetation without human disturbance. Current landuse changes, by converting natural vegetation lands to agriculture and animal farms and associated manure and fertilizer applications, have in-creased approximately 53.30 t·yr-1 of ON, 9.68 t·yr-1 of NO3-N, 22.69 t·y-1 of OP and 6.23 t·y-1 of SRP exports to the streams in the whole watershed. The SWAT model predicted that a daily 100 kg·ha-1 of fresh manure deposit from grazing cows during grazing season from later spring to later fall could increase 2.57 kg·ha-1·yr-1 of ON, 0.39 kg·ha-1·yr-1 of NO3-N, 2.35 kg·ha-1·yr-1 of OP and 0.48 kg·ha-1·yr-1 of SRP export to the streams. Fertilization could increase 1.57 kg ha-1 yr-1 of ON and 4.02 kg·ha-1·yr-1 of NO3-N export to the streams if 100 kg·ha-1·yr-1 of nitrogen (NH4NO3) fertilizer was applied in spring. Also fertilization could increase 1.18 kg·ha-1·yr-1 of OP and 0.20 kg·ha-1·yr-1 of SRP export to the streams if 100 kg·ha-1 phosphorus (P2O5) fertilizer was applied in spring.

The Position of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilizer in Efficient Use of Nitrogen and Land:A Review

Our attitude towards mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizers is ambivalent. N fertilizers have on one hand increased our supply of food, feed and other bio-based raw materials tremendously and also improved the use efficiency of land and labor, but have on the other hand a negative impact on the quality of the environment and contributed to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves. This awareness has resulted in strong pleas to spend much more attention to the recycling of N containing downstream “wastes”. It is, however, naive to assume that even perfect recycling suffices to offer the same number of people the same diet without inputs of “new” N, as inevitable losses of N make compensations indispensable. “New” N can be derived from either biological N fixation (“legumes”) or from industrially fixed N (“fertilizer”). The existing literature provides no evidence that the use of N fertilizers is per se unsustainable, as these fertilizers can also be made from renewable forms of energy. Besides, soil health and human health appear sensitive for the dosage but not for the form of N. It is yet imperative to reduce the input of “new” N as much as possible, so as to minimize adverse environmental effects. Measures to this end are a more precise assessment of crop N requirements, a better timing and positioning of N inputs, and any measure supporting the acceptance of “wastes” by farmers. The present paper elaborates the above aspects.

Effects of different ration of NPK fertilizer on the grain yield and protein content in forage rice

Different ratios of NPK were adopted in this research to study its effects on the objective traits of 2 early forage-rice varieties, and to obtain the optimum ratio to further improve the application technique in theory. At the same time, the possibility of increasing yield and protein content in the grain through cultivation technique was also studied. The conclusions were：

Influence of the Macronutrients N, P and K on the Agarophyte <i>Alsidium triquetrum</i>(S. G. Gmelin) Trevisan, during Experimental Culture

The knowledge of the nutritional requirements and their relation to the physiology of marine algae growth is key to incorporate new species into aquaculture, whose dynamics tend to be largely unknown. The use of Alsidium triquetrum in the pharmacological industry depends on its availability in the natural environment, occasionally scarce. As macroalgae cultivation gains momentum worldwide, it is important to know how the effects of nutrients are modulated in the thallus during cultivation. The linking of the relative growth rates (RGR) of A. triquetrum and their relation with the macronutrients N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus) and K (potassium) at the tissue level under culture conditions constitutes the main contribution of this article. P levels tend to decrease as the plant completes its development. Both the concentration of N and P are higher in the stipe for the month of July, N (25.31 ± 0.26) vs P (0.846 ± 0.02) period when the highest vegetative development is reached. The N and P modulate the patterns of the species’ development over the annual cycle, unlike K, which is not considered a limiting factor. When the temperature and lighting are not favorable for growth, the plant simply accumulates these compounds. As environmental conditions change, these stored compounds are actively used in their growth. The specimens with an initial weight of 50 g present the best accumulated biomass (RGR) throughout the annual cycle.

Effect of Fertilizer Application on the Yield of Walnut (Juglans regia L.)

[Objectives] This study was conducted to explore the fertilization ratio of walnut, so as to provide a basis for rational fertilization of walnut. [Methods] Under the condition of gravelly yellow soil in Chaotian District, Guangyuan City, the orthogonal design of L_9(3~4) was used to test the fertilization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. [Results] The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on walnut yield ranked as phosphate fertilizer>potassium fertilizer>nitrogen fertilizer. The different treatments had great effects on the yield of walnut, and for the land with gravelly yellow soil, the suitable annual fertilization amount of walnut was urea 1 200 g/plant + calcium superphosphate 1 500 g/plant + potassium sulfate 940 g/plant. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of walnut in Sichuan Province.

直播油菜氮磷钾肥料利用率试验探究

近年来,勉县直播油菜得到了突飞猛进的发展,面积已占全县油菜种植面积的80%以上。为准确掌握直播油菜的需肥规律和精准施肥,勉县农业技术推广中心开展了直播油菜肥料利用率试验,通过试验测算得知:勉县直播油菜在推广氮磷钾配方施肥技术的前提下,每生产100kg油菜籽需要吸收纯氮、五氧化二磷、氧化钾分别是5.02 kg、2.57 kg、6.22 kg;氮肥利用率46.5%、磷肥利用率18.9%、钾肥利用率53.1%。

不同施肥处理对谷子光合指标及产量性状的影响

为了提升谷子产量和品质,采用大田试验并测定不同施肥量条件下谷子叶片的光合指标及产量构成因素,通过隶属函数公式计算综合评价值对各施肥处理进行综合评价。结果表明,施肥后谷子叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均比对照处理有所增加,胞间二氧化碳浓度基本上呈减少趋势,各处理间在各指标上均具有显著性差异且以N 3P 1K 2处理最优;产量随着无机肥施入量的增加出现先上升后下降的动态趋势,N 3P 1K 2处理下谷子穗粗、穗长、穗重、穗粒重、千粒重以及产量均高于其他处理,其净光合速率较未施肥处理提升42.06%,蒸腾速率提升105.91%,气孔导度提升87.04%,胞间CO 2浓度降低29.37%,产量提升31.03%。正交分析得出,N对产量影响最大,K 2O次之,P 2O 5的影响作用最小。综上,氮肥施用量为225 kg·hm^(-2),磷肥施用量为50 kg·hm^(-2),钾肥施用量为60 kg·hm^(-2)时,谷子的光合能力较高,产量较为理想。

氮磷钾配合施用提高白芷种子产量和质量

[目的]白芷留种繁育生产中缺乏施肥技术,造成白芷种子产量低,质量不稳定。为此,研究了用于白芷良种繁育及种子高效生产的施肥技术体系。[方法]以白芷品种‘川芷2号’为试验材料,于2021-2022年采用“3414”不完全正交回归设计,在四川省成都市进行了田间试验。试验三因素为氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))和钾(K_(2)O)肥,分别设4个施肥水平,共14个处理。于白芷收获期,测定种子产量、千粒重、长度、宽度、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和生活力;利用灰色关联度分析法,对各施肥处理下的白芷种子产量和质量进行综合评价;通过肥效模型拟合得出氮、磷和钾肥的推荐施肥量。[结果]当N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O用量分别为180.6、306.5和149.8 kg/hm^(2)(N_(2)P_2K_(2))时,白芷种子产量、千粒重、长度、宽度、生活力、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数最高,与不施肥(N_0P_0K_0)相比分别提高了83.3%、27.3%、16.4%、18.9%、23.3个百分点、16.7个百分点、24.0个百分点和28.2%。灰色关联度分析表明,白芷种子产量对种子生活力的影响最大,其次是发芽率、发芽势、千粒重。N_(2)P_2K_(2)处理的加权关联度和等权关联度系数均最高,分别为0.825和0.824;其次是N_1P_2K_1处理(N 90.3、P_(2)O_(5) 306.5、K_(2)0 74.9 kg/hm^(2)),分别为0.745和0.751。在施肥区间内,白芷种子产量均随氮、磷和钾肥任一单种肥料施用量的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势,均在N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理下达到最大值;氮、磷和钾肥对白芷种子产量存在明显的互作效应,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理下的施肥水平有利于提升氮、磷、钾的肥效。由拟合白芷种子产量的三元二次肥料效应方程可得出,当N、P_(2)O_(5)和K_(2)O养分用量分别为177.0、274.6和133.7 kg/hm^(2)时,白芷种子产量最高,为1766.6 kg/hm^(2)。[结论]适宜的氮、磷、钾肥配施显著提高白芷种子产量和质量,氮肥(N)、磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))和钾肥(K_(2)O)最优推荐施肥量分别为177.0、274.6和133.7 kg/hm^(2),适宜的氮、磷、钾施肥比例为1:1.55:0.75。

Spatiotemporal Changes in Soil Nutrients:A Case Study in Taihu Region of China

The accurate assessment of the spatiotemporal changes in soil nutrients influenced by agricultural production provides the basis for development of management strategies to maintain soil fertility and balance soil nutrients. In this paper, we combined spatial measurements from 2 157 soil samples and geostatistical analysis to assess the spatiotemporal changes in soil organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, available phosphorus （AP） and available potassium content （AK） from the first soil survey （in the 1980s） to the second soil survey （in the 2000s） in the Taihu region of Jiangsu Province in China. The results showed that average soil nutrients in three soil types all exhibited the increased levels in the 2000s （except for AK in the yellow brown soil）. The standard deviation of soil nutrient contents increased （except for TN in the paddy soil）. Agricultural production in the 20 years led to increases in SOC, TN, AP and AK by 74, 82, 89 and 65%, respectively, of the Taihu areas analyzed. From the 1980s to 2000s all the nugget/sill ratios of soil nutrients indices were between 25 and 75% （except for AK in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s）, indicating moderate spatial dependence. The ratio of AP in the yellow brown soil in the 2000s was 88.74%, showing weak spatial dependence. The spatial correlation range values for SOC, TN, AP and AK in the 2000s all decreased. The main areas showing declines in SOC, TN and AP were in the northwest. For AK, the main region with declining levels was in the east and middle of western areas. Apparently, the increase in soil nutrients in the Taihu region can be mainly attributed to the large increase in fertilizer inputs, change in crop systems and enhanced residues management since the 1980s. Future emphasis should be placed on avoiding excess fertilizer inputs and balancing the effects of the fertilizers in soils.

河西灌区板蓝根氮磷钾养分需求规律研究

通过对不同氮磷钾施用水平下板蓝根的生长动态和产量及药用成分的测定,得出河西灌区板蓝根的氮磷钾养分需求量,以指导河西灌区板蓝根生产的科学施肥。以当地板蓝根主栽品种安徽亳州种为试材,开展了板蓝根氮磷钾养分需求规律研究。结果表明,河西灌区板蓝根生产中N的适宜用量为255~300 kg/hm^(2),苗期、生长旺盛期、收获期对N的需求量分别占整个生育期需氮量的9.21%、43.65%、47.14%;P_(2)O_(5)的适宜用量为150~225 kg/hm^(2),苗期、生长旺盛期、收获期对P_(2)O_(5)的需求量分别占整个生育期P_(2)O_(5)需量的15.80%、25.91%、58.29%;K_(2)O的适宜用量为150~225 kg/hm^(2),苗期、生长旺盛期、收获期对K_(2)O的需求量分别占整个生育期K_(2)O需量的20.83%、19.38%、59.79%。

腐熟鸡粪替代氮肥对水稻产量、氮肥利用率和土壤理化性质的影响

针对东台缠脚土土壤结构较为紧实的特点,研究施用腐熟鸡粪对水稻产量、品质和土壤理化性质的影响。2022年在江苏省东台市五烈镇现代农业示范园内试验点开展试验,以当地主栽品种‘南粳9108’为供试水稻,在潴育型水稻土缠脚土上种植,依据等氮替代原则,设置不施肥处理、常规处理、鸡粪替代氮肥10%、鸡粪替代氮肥20%、鸡粪替代氮肥30%、鸡粪替代氮肥40%、鸡粪替代氮肥50%7个处理。结果表明,与常规施肥相比,鸡粪替代氮肥有效增加了土壤全氮和有机质含量,且随着替代比例的增加而增加,增加幅度分别为0.86%~3.45%和0.57%~9.53%,容重随着替代比例的增加而降低,降低了0.73%~4.41%,有效改善了土壤肥力和结构,进而增加了水稻产量、提升了稻米品质,其中鸡粪替代氮肥20%处理显著增加了水稻产量,增产19.44%(P<0.05),氮肥利用率显著提高16.58%(P<0.05)。综合比较,鸡粪替代氮肥20%的水稻经济效益最高,既提高了水稻的产量和品质,又改善了土壤结构,是较优的鸡粪替代氮肥比例。

Chinese yam yield is affected by soil nutrient levels and interactions among N, P, and K fertilizers

Objective: The current fertilization methods for Chinese yam are uneconomic and unfriend to environment. A rational one is very important to achieve desired balance of high yield of Chinese yam, economic and friend to environment. Here, we studied the effects of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) fertilizers on the yield of ’Qinfeng’ Chinese yam in shallow-groove directional cultivation.Methods: The experiments were conducted in Dehua County, Fujian Province, China using a "3414" optimal design. Overall, three fertilizer factors(N, P, and K) were evaluated at the following four levels: 0, no fertilizer;1, 0.5-fold the typical rate;2, typical fertilization rate;and 3, 1.5-fold the typical rate. There were 14 different fertilization treatments.Results: Treatment 6(N2P2K2) produced the longest(75.6 cm) and thickest tubers(4.9 cm) with the highest tuber fresh weight(1311.9 g) and yield(41 015.9 kg/hm2), whereas, treatment 1 produced the shortest(65.6 cm) and thinnest tubers(3.9 cm) with the lowest fresh weight(953.4 g) and yield(28 532.8 kg/hm2) among the 14 fertilizer combinations. The experimental data could be fitted to single-variable quadratic and binary quadratic models but not to a ternary quadratic polynomial model. Appropriate N, P, and K fertilizer application rates increased Chinese yam yield. However, excessive fertilization lowered the yield. Chinese yam yield was significantly and strongly correlated with the amounts of N, P, and K fertilizer applied.Conclusion: Based on the single variable quadratic and binary quadratic models, we propose that the quantities of N, P, and K fertilizer used to grow 1 hm^(2)’Qinfeng’ Chinese yam should be 360–388.3,90–100.95, and 416.3–675 kg, respectively.

不同施肥模式对油菜产量及肥料利用率的影响

为有效提高肥料利用率、油菜产量和经济效益,以中杂油19为试材,在湖南省益阳市南县开展了氮磷钾配施对油菜产量及肥料利用率影响的研究。结果表明:油菜的单位面积株数、株高、一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、每角果粒数、千粒重、产量和纯收入指标值均是N、P、K肥配施(T4)处理的最高,而无氮(T1)处理的为最低,其中T4处理的产量分别比T1、T2(无磷)和T3(无钾)处理增加897.0、337.5和468.0 kg/hm2,T4处理的纯收入最高达5079.5元/hm2,分别比T1、T2和T3处理高4364.6、1857.9和2088.0元/hm2;不同施肥处理对油菜的N、P、K积累量影响极显著,以N肥影响最大,K肥次之,P肥第三;T4处理的N、P和K肥利用率分别为34.96%、24.48%和47.35%,均极显著高于其他处理,不施任意一种肥料,其他肥料的利用率均极显著降低。因此,在油菜生产中应该加强N、P、K肥料的配合施用,以提高产量、肥料利用率和经济效益。

半干旱区减氮增钾、有机肥替代对全膜覆盖垄沟种植马铃薯水肥利用和生物量积累的调控

【目的】减氮增钾和有机肥替代是提高中国作物生产中资源利用效率、改善农田生态环境、提升农产品质量和降低作物生产病害风险的有效途径。研究明确半干旱区全膜覆盖垄沟种植马铃薯减氮追施、有机肥替代和增施钾肥对马铃薯干物质积累和水分利用的影响,为该区域实施水肥高效管理提供依据。【方法】在4年大田定位试验基础上,通过测定全膜覆盖垄沟种植条件下传统施肥(PM)、减氮25%并花期追施和增施钾肥(PMN)和减氮50%与有机肥替代并花期追施(PMO)的土壤贮水量、马铃薯的生物量和产量等指标,计算不同施肥模式的耗水量、生长速率、水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力,以明确不同养分管理模式对马铃薯耗水过程的调控及其对干物质积累和水肥利用效率的影响。【结果】2011—2014年PMN花前耗水量较PM分别降低了17.4、28.7、26.8和34.2 mm,花后耗水量增加了31.1、34.7、36.7和49.2 mm;PMO没有显著降低马铃薯花前耗水,而花后耗水量分别增加了17.8、24.3、11.2和10.3 mm。与PM相比,PMN在盛花期后显著提高马铃薯地上地下生物量和生长速率,使马铃薯产量在2012—2014年平均增加2 595.1 kg·hm-2,并使水分利用效率(WUE)在2013—2014年分别增加了14.4%和6.3%,达到显著差异;PMO显著提高马铃薯各生育期的地上地下生物量和生长速率,4年平均马铃薯块茎产量增加了2 945 kg·hm-2,而且WUE在2012—2014年显著高于PM。PMN和PMO较PM均能显著提高马铃薯肥料偏生产力、化肥偏生产力、氮素偏生产力和化肥氮素偏生产力,表明PMN和PMO能协同提高作物的养分和水分利用效率,实现以肥调水和以水促肥的目标。2011年为严重干旱年份,虽然PMN和PMO能调节马铃薯花前花后耗水,提高地上地下生物量和生长速率,显著提高养分偏生产力,但产量和水分利用效率无显著提高。【结论】PMN和PMO均能显著调节马铃薯花前花后耗水量,增加生物量和提高生长速率,使得马铃薯块茎产量、水分利用效率和养分利用效率增加。与PMN相比,PMO对马铃薯产量、WUE和养分偏生产力的增加幅度更大,是资源更加高效和作物增产的养分管理模式。

供氮水平和有机无机配施对夏玉米产量及土壤硝态氮的影响

通过大田试验研究了不同氮素水平下有机无机肥料配施夏玉米生育期内土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)的变化规律。结果表明,玉米产量主要受施氮量影响,不受有机无机配施影响;土壤的硝态氮含量随施氮量的增加而增加;有机肥与尿素配合施用,可保证土壤长期和短期的氮素的供应;增施有机肥可以协调土壤氮素的供应,降低土壤NO3--N含量,从而可减少对地下水的污染;夏玉米季的施氮安全值在200 kg/hm2较为适宜,且有机肥无机肥配比以3∶1为宜。

根系分区交替灌溉条件下水肥供应对番茄果实硝酸盐含量的影响

为了研究根系分区交替灌溉条件下灌水量和氮、磷、钾肥及有机肥用量对番茄果实硝酸盐含量的影响,采用五元二次正交旋转组合设计,通过盆栽试验,建立了番茄果实中硝酸盐含量与水肥因子的数学模型,并对各单一因素的效应及两两因素的耦合效应进行了分析。结果表明,在其他因子为中间水平时,番茄果实中的硝酸盐含量,随灌水量呈先降低后增加的变化规律;随施氮量和施磷量呈先增加后降低的变化趋势;随有机肥用量呈逐渐增加的趋势;但不受钾肥用量的影响。交互效应表现为,施磷量与有机肥用量、施氮量与施磷量间的相互作用会促使番茄果实硝酸盐含量提高;灌水量与施钾量和有机肥量、施氮量与施钾量间的相互作用有利于降低番茄果实硝酸盐累积。耦合效应表现为,除不施有机肥时随灌水量增加番茄果实硝酸盐含量显著增加外,对于其它任何有机肥及钾肥施用水平,果实硝酸盐含量皆随灌水量增加呈先减小后增加趋势;灌水量高于中水平时,番茄果实硝酸盐含量随着钾肥与有机肥用量的增加而减少。不论施磷量与施钾量如何变化,番茄果实硝酸盐含量皆随施氮量呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,降低氮肥用量同时提高磷肥用量有利于降低番茄果实硝酸盐累积,而提高施钾量仅在施氮量高于中水平时能显著降低番茄果实硝酸盐含量。适当增加磷肥用量、减小有机肥用量能显著降低番茄果实硝酸盐的累积。

根系分区交替灌溉条件下水肥供应对番茄可溶性固形物含量的影响

【目的】研究根系分区交替灌溉条件下灌水量和氮、磷、钾肥及有机肥用量对番茄果实中可溶性固形物含量的影响。【方法】在根系分区交替灌溉条件下,采用五元二次正交旋转组合设计,通过盆栽试验,建立可溶性固形物含量与水肥因子的数学模型,并对各单一因素及两两因素的耦合效应进行分析。【结果】在其它因子为中间水平时,番茄果实中的可溶性固形物含量,随灌水量增加呈线性减小趋势;随施氮量、施钾量和有机肥用量的变化,均表现为线性增长,但不随施磷量而变化。交互效应表现为,施氮量与有机肥用量,施磷量与灌水量、施钾量及有机肥用量呈正交互作用,施氮量与施磷量为负交互作用,其中以施磷量与施钾量的交互效应最大。【结论】灌水量过高不利于可溶性固形物含量的增加,合理增施氮、钾、有机肥和磷肥均可有效提高果实的可溶性固形物含量。

有机无机肥配施对旱地作物养分利用率及氮磷流失的影响

采用2年的田间小区试验,研究猪粪、猪粪堆肥或沼渣沼液与化肥配施对春玉米-小白菜轮作地氮磷径流损失与肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,有机无机肥配施可明显减少旱地氮素流失,NH4+-N和NO3--N流失量占总氮流失的比例为49.08%～52.02%,且地表氮素径流损失量随着猪粪堆肥用量的增加而降低;与施纯化肥相比,以20%的猪粪堆肥N与80%化肥N配施可分别降低氮素径流损失28.95%,2年总氮肥利用率提高8.13%。以猪粪堆肥或沼渣沼液与化肥配施可明显降低磷素径流损失,并提高磷、钾肥利用率;与施纯化肥相比,以20%的猪粪堆肥氮或沼渣沼液氮与80%的化肥氮配施可分别减少磷素流失4.74%和2.76%,2年总磷肥利用率分别提高1.06%和2.75%,2年总钾肥利用率分别提高2.62%和11.48%。