Mutation-Screening of Pleurotus Ferulae with High Temperature Tolerance by Nitrogen Ion Implantation

In order to obtain Pleurotus ferulae with high temperature tolerance, conidiophores of wild type strain ACK were implanted with nitrogen ions in energy of 5 -15 keV and dose of 1.5×10^15 - 1.5 × 10^16 cm^-2, and a mutant CGMCC1763 was isolated subsequently through thermotolerant screening method. It was found that during riper period the surface layer mycelium of the mutant in mushroom bag wasn＇t aging neither grew tegument even above 30℃. The mycelium endurable temperature of the mutant was increased by 5℃ compared to that of the wild type strain. The fruiting bodies growth temperature of the mutant was 18 -22℃ in daytime and 8 -14℃ at night. The highest growth temperature of fruiting bodies of the mutant was increased about 7℃ w.r.t, that of original strain. Through three generations investigations, it was found that the mutant CGMCC1763 was stable with high temperature tolerance.

Antimicrobial,antibiofilm,angiogenesis,anti-inflammatory,and wound healing activities of zinc nanoparticles green synthesized using Ferula macrecolea extract

Objective:To assess the antimicrobial,antibiofilm,anti-inflammatory,angiogenic,and wound healing activities of zinc nanoparticles(ZNPs)green synthesized using Ferula macrecolea extract.Methods:The green synthesis was conducted using the precipitation method.Then,the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC),and minimum biofilm inhibition concentration 50%(MBIC50)of ZNPs against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)were evaluated.The effects of ZNPs on the gene expressions of Staphylococcus spp.[intracellular adhesion A(icaA)and D(icaD)]and P.aeruginosa(rhlI and rhlR)were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR.In addition,the effects of ZNPs on wound healing,angiogenesis,and anti-inflammatory markers were assessed.Results:The green-synthesized ZNPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial efficacy against S.aureus and P.aeruginosa.The biofilm formation in S.aureus and P.aeruginosa was also inhibited by ZNPs with MBIC50 values of 3.30μg/mL and 2.08μg/mL,respectively.Additionally,ZNPs downregulated the expression of biofilm-related genes icaA,icaD,rhlI,and rhlR in the tested bacteria.They also demonstrated promising in vitro wound healing effects by promoting fibroblast cell proliferation and wound closure in a dose-dependent manner.A significant increase in the expression of HLA-G5 and VEGF-A genes as well as a marked decrease in the expression of NF-κB,IL-1β,and TNF-αgenes were observed in cells treated with ZNPs compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:ZNPs display promising antibacterial effects against S.aureus and P.aeruginosa and wound-healing effects by inhibiting biofilm formation,inducing angiogenesis,and reducing inflammation.However,further studies must be conducted to specify the accurate mechanisms of action and toxicity of ZNPs.

Anticancer potential of Ferula assa-foetida and its constituents,a powerful plant for cancer therapy

Cancer is one of the main challenges of the health system around the world.This disease is increasing in developing countries and imposes heavy costs on patients and governments.On the other hand,despite various drugs,the death rate among cancer patients is still high and the current treatments have many harmful effects.In the traditional medicine of different countries,there are many medicinal plants that can be effective in the treatment of cancer.Ferula plants are traditionally used as spices and food or for medicinal purposes.Ferula assa-foetida is one of the famous plants of this genus,which has been used for the treatment of various diseases since ancient times.Among the main compounds of this plant,we can mention monoterpenes,sulfide compounds and polyphenols,which can show different therapeutic effects.This article has been compiled with the aim of collecting evidence and articles related to the anti-cancer effects of extracts,derived compounds,essential oils and nanoparticles containing Ferula assa-foetida.This review article was prepared by searching the terms Ferula assa-foetida and cancer,and relevant information was collected through searching electronic databases such as ISI Web of Knowledge,PubMed,and Google Scholar.Fortunately,the results of this review showed that relatively comprehensive studies have been conducted in this field and shown that Ferula assa-foetida can be very promising in the treatment of cancer.

Ecological Analysis of Species of the Genus Ferula L., Distributed in Navoi Region (Uzbekistan)

Ferula L. is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Apiaceae Lindl. (Umbelliferae). Our research was carried out on the territory of Navoi region. The article presents an ecological analysis of the species of the Ferula L. in Navoi region. The species of genus Ferula mostly grows in mountainous regions and some are distributed in arid climates. According to that 15 species of the genus were found in the Navoi region, most of these species are considered to be plants that contain tar as well as have a strong medicinal property. In various parts of the world, different species of Ferula have been used in traditional medicine. In the course of studies, it was found that the species has medicinal, essential-oil, honey-juicy, nutritious, and fodder properties. According to ecological analysis, the genus Ferula grows Rocky, gravelly, fine-grained slopes and ridges of mountains, scree, rocks, outcrops of variegated rocks, rocky slopes, sandy, clay and gravelly deserts, foothill plains, fine-grained slopes. Considered rare, Ferula kyzylkumica Korovin is listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan, while Ferula nuratavica Pimenov is an endemic plant of the Aktau ridge.

新疆野生阿魏菇原生质体的再生与单核菌株交配型测定

【目的】利用原生质体单核化技术获得具有优良性状的阿魏菇(Pleurotus ferulae)新菌种,为新疆野生阿魏菇新品种的保育及产业化应用提供技术支撑。【方法】采用原生质体制备技术获得阿魏菇单核菌株并进行交配型测定。【结果】酶解3.5 h时,PL01、PL163与PL176等3株野生阿魏菇亲本菌株的原生质体释放量最大,浓度最高达20.6×10^(5)个/mL,通过优化的原生质体单核化技术最终获得50个单核菌株,亲本菌株PL163、PL01、PL176原生质体单核化率分别为25.68%、12.8%、10.8%,获得率较低。对其进行了交配型测定,每株亲本菌株得到2种交配型的单核菌株。其中,菌株PL01与PL163、2种交配型获得比例均为1∶3,而PL1762种交配型获得比例为1∶4。每个亲本菌株与获得的单核菌株在菌丝长速、菌落形态方面均具有差异。以不同交配型的单核菌株PL01-P16、PL01-P49、PL163-7、PL163-24、PL176-23、PL176-39作为杂交育种材料进行配对,获得12株性状优良的杂交菌株。拮抗反应表明,12株杂交菌株与亲本之间形成明显隆起的拮抗带,与亲本菌株显著不同。【结论】3株阿魏菇野生菌株在原生质体再生单核获得率、长速、形态等方面具有丰富的多样性,获得的杂交菌株为新疆阿魏菇新品种的保护奠定了基础,并为选育优良阿魏菇杂交品种提供了良好的种质材料。

阿魏蘑与胶红酵母共培养中促进产漆酶物质的初步研究

阿魏蘑在液态发酵过程中经胶红酵母共培养后,漆酶的产量得到提高,但对其起促进作用的物质尚不清楚。本文中,笔者首先考察阿魏蘑和胶红酵母发酵上清液混合对漆酶酶活测定的影响,发现胶红酵母并没有表达漆酶的能力,同时,发酵上清液的混合会导致漆酶酶活的下降。因此,排除了两种微生物发酵液之间发生的协同或促进作用对漆酶酶活的影响。在分别添加高温灭活和70℃灭活的胶红酵母后发现,添加30 g/L的70℃灭活的胶红酵母,阿魏蘑漆酶酶活增加至6 605 U/L,而高温灭活未有相应的促进效果。因此,在共培养中促进漆酶合成的活性物质存在于酵母中并对温度敏感。通过比较70℃灭活胶红酵母的添加时间和添加量后,在阿魏蘑培养第2天添加50 g/L胶红酵母获得最高漆酶产量7 579 U/L。通过研究发现了胶红酵母中某种对热敏感的物质促进了阿魏蘑漆酶表达量的提高,此结果对研究漆酶及其他发酵产物在共培养中表达量的提高有重要意义。

新疆阿魏乙酸乙酯部位体内外对CT-26.WT细胞的影响

目的研究新疆阿魏(Ferula sinkiangensis K.M.Shen)乙酸乙酯部位体内外对鼠源性结肠癌细胞(CT-26.WT)的影响。方法采用Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8试剂盒)法检测新疆阿魏乙酸乙酯部位体外对CT-26.WT细胞的抗肿瘤活性,计算细胞增殖抑制率、半数抑制浓度(IC50);采用流式细胞术检测新疆阿魏对CT-26.WT细胞的总凋亡率;建立小鼠CT-26.WT实体瘤模型,随机分为正常对照组,肿瘤模型组,阿魏低、中、高剂量组,顺铂组,给药10 d后观察小鼠脏器指数、体质量、肿瘤病理切片,计算肿瘤抑制率。结果新疆阿魏乙酸乙酯部位对体外CT-26.WT肿瘤细胞的IC50为28.23μg/m L,而顺铂为4.81μg/m L;低、中、高剂量新疆阿魏乙酸乙酯部位对CT-26.WT细胞具有促凋亡作用;对小鼠肿瘤抑制率分别为(38.26±7.82)%、(48.60±9.09)%和(66.54±12.02)%,而顺铂的抑制率为(95.18±3.02)%,新疆阿魏乙酸乙酯部位中、高剂量组脾指数均明显升高,与正常对照组相比差异有统计学意义,与模型组相比差异有统计学意义。胸腺指数和体质量与正常对照组比较无明显变化。结论新疆阿魏乙酸乙酯部位在体内外对CT-26.WT肿瘤生长具有一定的抑制作用。

Endophytic bacteria associated with endangered plant Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen in an arid land： diversity and plant growth-promoting traits

Ferula spp. are traditional medicinal plants found in arid land. Large-scale excavation for extracting bioactive compounds from the plants in arid regions of Xinjiang over the last few years has, however, significandy decreased their distributions. Due to the urgent need for preservation of these plant resources, along with the need of searching for alternative source of the useful metabolites, it is important to screen the endophytic microbial resources associated with the plant Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen. In the study, a total of 125 endophytic bacteria belonging to 3 phyla, 13 orders, 23 families, and 29 genera were isolated based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. Among the different isolates, three strains isolated from roots were potential novel species of the genera Porphyrobacter, Paracoccus and draycofatopsis. In this study, 79.4% and 57.1% of the total isolates were capable of producing indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） and siderophore, respectively. And, 40.6% of the strains inhibit the growth of fungal pathogen Afternaria alternata, 17.2% and 20.2% strains were positive for antagonism against Vertidllium dahlia 991 and V. dahlia 7, respectively. These results demonstrated that E sinkiangensis is a rich reservoir of endophytic bacterial resources with potential for production of biologically important functions such as plant growth-promoting factors.

Network pharmacology used to decode potential active ingredients in Ferula assafoetida and mechanisms for the application to Alzheimer’s disease

Background:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily manifests as progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment.Traditional herbal medicines may be helpful in the discovery of new anti-AD drugs.Studies have shown that Ferula assafoetida has neuroprotective and memory-enhancing effects,which may be beneficial for the treatment of AD.However,the combination of active ingredients and their mechanisms remain unclear.Therefore,we aimed to identify potential active ingredients in F.assafoetida and their mechanisms of action against AD by using network pharmacology.Methods:In our study,an integrated network pharmacological approach,that included adsorption,distribution,metabolism and excretion screening,target identification,network construction,topological analysis,gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis,and molecular docking,was used to predict the pharmacological material basis and potential mechanisms through which these ingredients may treat and prevent AD.Results:The results indicated that 12 key active ingredients,obtained by topological analysis(including farnesiferol a,conferol,farnesiferol b,ferulic acid,etc.),may be the primary pharmacological components that may ameliorate AD.The 2 key significant pathways identified are the cholinergic synapse signaling pathway(critical targets include ACHE,CHRM1,CHRM2,MAPK1,PIK3CA,PIK3CB,PIK3CD,and PIK3CG)and the AD signaling pathway(critical targets include APP,BACE1,GSK3B,MAPK1,NCSTN,NOS1,PSEN1).These critical targets are closely related to the regulation of three typical pathological features of AD[central nervous system(CNS)cholinergic hypofunction,amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques,and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins].Finally,14 critical targets in the 2 key significant pathways were validated by molecular docking analysis.Conclusion:F.assafoetida may be effective for alleviating AD symptoms,through multi-component,multi-target,and multi-pathway synergistic effects,associated with the multiple pathogenesis hypotheses of AD.Our study may provide certain clues for the further development and utilization of this natural herbal medicine.

Protective effect of active ingredient of Ferula sinkiangensis on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice

OBJECTIVE Learning and memory impairment is one of the common sequelae of stroke patients,which is called"post-stroke dementia"and seriously affects the quality of life of the patients.For post-stroke dementia,there is still no effective clinical treatment.In the present study,we aim to investigate the effect of the active ingredient of Ferula sinkiangensis,AW09,on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice.METHODS The bilateral common carotid artery occlusion(BCCAO)reperfusion model was used to investigate the protective effect of AW09 on cognitive dysfunction in mice with global cerebral ischemia reperfusion.Y-maze and Morris water maze were used to test the learning and memory ability of mice.RESULTS Y-maze test showed that AW09 treatment significantly increased the spontaneous alternation rate of BCCAO model animals and had no significant effect on the total number of arm entries.The results of Morris water maze showed that AW09 significantly reduced the escape latency of BCCAO mice during the training period.During the probe test phase,AW09 significantly increased the swimming time in target quadrant,distance in target quadrant and number of platform crossings and decreased the swimming time in the quadrant opposite the target quadrant of BCCAO mice.CONCLUSION AW09,the active ingredient of Ferula sinkiangensis,can improve working memory impairment and spatial memory impairment in animals with global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,suggesting that AW09 has poten⁃tial therapeutic value for cognitive dysfunction caused by global cerebral ischemia.

Determination of Volatile Oil and Ferulic Acid in Different Parts of Wild Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen and Ferula fukanensis K. M.Shen Cultivars

[Objectives] To increase the reserves distribution and planting area of Ferula resources,protect wild Ferula resources,make comparative analysis on wild and cultivated varieties of Ferula medicinal materials,and provide references for quality evaluation of Ferula herbs collected from cultivation environment. [Methods] Volatile oil determination and high performance liquid chromatography were used to measure volatile oil and ferulic acid in different parts of wild and cultivated varieties of Ferula. [Results] In the volatile oil measured from artificially pressed Ferula lipid,wild varieties in different places conformed to the pharmacopoeia standard( volatile oil content ≥10%); in cultivated varieties,F. fukanensis K. M. Shen and F. sinkiangensis K. M. shen reached the pharmacopoeia standard. According to measurement results of ferulic acid,the ferulic acid content of roots and leaves of Altay,Fukang,and Yining cultivars were higher than that of wild varieties. [Conclusions]The ferulic medicinal herbs collected from artificial cultivation environment have considerable prospect,and many parts of Ferula herbs can be used for raw materials for preparation of extracts.

The Biology of Flowering of Some Pamir-Alai Species of the Genus <i>ferula</i>L.

The sources about the seasonal and blossoming biology of some Ferula L. (F angrenii, F. ovina, F. dshizakensis, F. helenae) types which can be found in Western Pamir-Alay have been given in the article.

Comparative Analysis of the Fruit Pericarp Structure of the Desert and Mountain Species of <i>Ferula</i>L. (Apiaceae Lindl.)

It has described structure of the pericarp of 6 Ferula species fruits in natural habitat conditions: Nuratau range and Kyzylkum Desert. Differences in the location and structure of the secretory conceptacles have been discovered due to their biomes and habitat conditions. Secretory tubules of mature fruit pericarp (Scorodosma subgenus) F. foetida obliterated. In the pericarp (Macrorrhiza section) of F. varia fruit, there are two types of secretory structures: dorsal and commissural. In the fruit pericarp of (Xeronarthex section) F. kyzylkumica, F. helenae, F. dshizakensis and F. angreni species, there are three types: dorsal, commissural and costal, which increase their drought resistance and reflect a higher evolutionary level of taxa [1].

Modern Condition of Coenopopulation of <i>Tulipa fosteriana W. Irving</i>in Southern Part of Uzbekistan

This article reveals the data about two coenopopulation of Tulipa fosteriana in Zeravshan mountain ridge in the vicinity of the Takhta-Karachi pass in the border of Kashkadarya basin. Thus, the studied coenopopulation of T. fosteriana is normal, incomplete. The absence of senile individuals in the examined coenopopulation is associated with the biological characteristic of the species. In tulips, as in many geophytes, most individuals completely finish their large life cycles in a generative state. The ontogenetic spectra of the studied coenopopulation coincide with the characteristic ones, and thereby reflect the biological characteristics of the species.

Creation of an Agricultural Security System: An Effective Model of Sustainable Land Use

The article discusses the effective use of degraded foothill lands of the Kamashy district of the Kashkadarya region of Uzbekistan. Sustainable land use in the arid lands of the foothill zone, due to water conservation, growing seedlings of nut and fruit trees, growing fodder crops in row spacing, allows local livestock breeders to create a rational model of agroforestry system of land use. The organization and development of agroforestry will ensure sustainable land use, create additional jobs, increase household incomes and improve the standard of living of the population.

温度对托里阿魏(Ferula krylovii)和骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)的呼吸及光合作用的影响

比较了荒漠短命药用植物托里阿魏(Ferula krylovii)及其伴生的非短命植物骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)的呼吸和光合作用的温度响应。结果表明:以每克叶片鲜重耗氧量为基础的叶片呼吸速率来看,托里阿魏在30℃时突然出现呼吸速率的大幅度跃迁,在温度达到35℃时出现了呼吸系统快速失活现象,在45℃时呼吸速率达到20℃的3.1倍。相比之下,骆驼蓬叶片在20~45℃的呼吸速率没有明显的变化,也没有出现呼吸系统的失活现象。这说明,与处于同一生境的非短命植物骆驼蓬相比,托里阿魏的呼吸系统对温度变化有高度的敏感性,对高温的耐受性较差。托里阿魏叶片的光合作用在20~35℃连续升高并明显高于骆驼蓬,在35℃时达到最高点,在40~45℃时光合系统在光照条件下数分钟内快速失活。相比之下,骆驼蓬叶片的光合作用在40℃时达到最大值,在45℃时光合速率略有下降,但在20~45℃始终保持准线性变化,没有出现失活,表明夏季不休眠的骆驼蓬叶片的光合系统对高温有较高的耐受性。由于托里阿魏无论是呼吸和光合系统对温度的耐受性都明显低于非短命植物骆驼蓬,这种代谢上对温度的敏感性差异,可能是导致托里阿魏进入初夏休眠的主要因素。

生物碱参与阿魏种子休眠的调控

为揭示濒危植物阜康阿魏(Ferula fukanensis Shen.)种子休眠的成因,对阜康阿魏种子分别采用流水漂洗处理后的发芽试验、蒸馏水和NaHCO3溶液浸提液以及化学法提取生物碱中的小麦种子萌发实验,并观察蒸馏水和NaHCO3浸泡阿魏种子对介质pH的影响等,综合分析阿魏种子休眠的成因。流水浸洗处理5 d和20 d的发芽率分别为77%和85%以上,较对照(47%)有显著提高(P<0.01);NaHCO3浸提液对小麦种子萌发的抑制作用显著高于蒸馏水浸提液;用pH较高的NaHCO3溶液和蒸馏水浸泡阿魏种子,该介质的pH向8.0～8.3收敛;化学法提取生物碱对小麦发芽有显著抑制作用,当10 g.(100mL)-1时抑制率达80%。实验结果显示,除脱落酸(ABA)外,还有生物碱在阿魏种子休眠的调控中起重要作用。

Structure-guided isolation of anti-neuroinflammatory sesquiterpene coumarins from Ferula sinkiangensis

The resin of Ferula sinkiangensis has been traditionally utilized for treating gastrointestinal disorders,inflammation,tumors,various cancers,and alopecia areata.The primary bioactive constituents,sesquiterpene coumarins,have demonstrated notable therapeutic potential against neuroinflammation.In this study,a structure-guided fractionation method was used to isolate nine novel sesquiterpene coumarins from the resin of F.sinkiangensis.These compounds were characterized and structurally elucidated using comprehensive physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques,including calculated electronic circular dichroism(ECD).Anti-neuroinflammatory assays revealed that compounds 2,3,and 6 significantly inhibited nitric oxide(NO)production in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells,with IC_(50)values ranging from 1.63 to 12.25μmol·L^(−1).