Ferulic acid(FA)and p-coumaric acid(pCA)in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography(GC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).It...Ferulic acid(FA)and p-coumaric acid(pCA)in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography(GC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).It was found that the FA and most of the pCA in gramineous biomass could be dissociated and released after being treated with 1 M NaOH at 100℃for 4 h.The yields of pCA/FA in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob determined by GC-FID are 39.8/11.5,13.7/11.0,28.0/11.0,and 35.1/14.5 mg/g,respectively.The raw materials and the treated solid residues were characterized by gel-state 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(2D HSQC NMR).It was found that only a small amount of lignin was detected in the residue after alkali treatment,indicating that the alkali treatment conditions can effectively cleave the FA and pCA.Additionally,the lignin in the alkali solution was recovered and characterized by 2D HSQC NMR.The FA was not able to be detected by NMR,whereas a small amount of pCA remained in the alkali lignin.This study reveals the structural change of residual lignins during the quantitative isolation of FA and pCA,which is essential for the selective isolation of pCA/FA and valorization of residual alkali lignin.展开更多
Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a metabolic disease and a leading cause of heart failure among people with diabetes.Mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)is a versatile technique capable of combining the molecular specificity ...Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a metabolic disease and a leading cause of heart failure among people with diabetes.Mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)is a versatile technique capable of combining the molecular specificity of mass spectrometry(MS)with the spatial information of imaging.In this study,we used MSI to visualize metabolites in the rat heart with high spatial resolution and sensitivity.We optimized the air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization(AFADESI)-MSI platform to detect a wide range of metabolites,and then used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization(MALDI)-MSI for increasing metabolic coverage and improving localization resolution.AFADESI-MSI detected 214 and 149 metabolites in positive and negative analyses of rat heart sections,respectively,while MALDI-MSI detected 61 metabolites in negative analysis.Our study revealed the heterogenous metabolic profile of the heart in a DCM model,with over 105 region-specific changes in the levels of a wide range of metabolite classes,including carbohydrates,amino acids,nucleotides,and their derivatives,fatty acids,glycerol phospholipids,carnitines,and metal ions.The repeated oral administration of ferulic acid during 20 weeks significantly improved most of the metabolic disorders in the DCM model.Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DCM and the potential of ferulic acid as a therapeutic agent for treating this condition.展开更多
AIM: To examine the protection of ferulic acid(FA) against ionizing radiation(IR)-induced lens injury in rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms.METHODS: FA(50 mg/kg) was administered to rats for 4 consecutive days...AIM: To examine the protection of ferulic acid(FA) against ionizing radiation(IR)-induced lens injury in rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms.METHODS: FA(50 mg/kg) was administered to rats for 4 consecutive days before they were given 10 Gy γ-radiation, as well as for 3 consecutive days afterward. Two weeks after radiation, the eye tissues were collected. Histological alterations were evaluated by hematoxylineosin staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was utilized to assess the activities of glutathione reductase(GR) and superoxide dismutase(SOD), as well as the levels of glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the lenses. The protein and m RNA levels of Bcl-2, caspase-3, Bax, heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), and glutamatecysteine ligase catalytic subunit(GCLC) were quantified using Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. With nuclear extracts, the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor(Nrf2) protein expressions in the nuclei were also measured.RESULTS: Rats exposed to IR showed lens histological alterations which could be alleviated by FA. FA treatment reversed apoptosis-related markers in IR-induced lens, as evidenced by lower levels of Bax and caspase-3 and higher level of Bcl-2. Furthermore, IR induced oxidative damage manifested by decreased GSH level, increased MDA level, and decreased SOD and GR activities. FA boosted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased the expressions of HO-1 and GCLC to inhibit oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in GSH, a decrease in MDA, and an increase in GR and SOD activities.CONCLUSION: FA may work well in preventing and treating IR-induced cataract through promoting the Nrf2 signal pathway to attenuate oxidative damage and cell apoptosis.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the insulin sensitivity action of ferulic acid(FA) in skeletal muscle and hypothalamus of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods: Obese mouse model was induced by HFD(45 kcal% lard fat) ...Objective: To evaluate the insulin sensitivity action of ferulic acid(FA) in skeletal muscle and hypothalamus of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods: Obese mouse model was induced by HFD(45 kcal% lard fat) for 16 weeks. After 8 weeks of HFD feeding, these obese mice were orally treated with FA at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. At the end of all treatments, the epididymal fat, pancreas, skeletal muscle and hypothalamus were removed for biochemical parameter and protein expression examinations. Results: FA treatment significantly decreased leptin level in fat tissue and insulin level in pancreas(P < 0.05). Interestingly, obese mice treated with FA increased the protein expressions of insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and phosphorylated-protein kinase B in both muscle and brain(P < 0.05). The phosphorylations of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in muscle, and leptin receptor protein in hypothalamus were also increased(P < 0.05). The pancreatic islets histology showed smaller size in obese mice treated with FA compared to untreated obese mice. Conclusions: These findings indicate the beneficial effect of FA in improving insulin resistance in HFD-induced obese mice. These effects are probably mediated via modulating the insulin receptor substrate/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B or adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways.展开更多
Objective A strain of Aspergillus niger(A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflamma...Objective A strain of Aspergillus niger(A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of ferulic acid released from wheat bran by this A. niger strain(FA-WB) were evaluated. Methods Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences were conducted; antioxidant ability was examined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity(CAA) assays, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. RAW264.7 cells were used as a model to detect anti-inflammatory activity. Results The filamentous fungal isolate was identified to be A. niger. ORAC and CAA assay showed that FA-WB had better antioxidant activity than that of the ferulic acid standard. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay results suggested that FA-WB could attenuate AAPH-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxy gen species(ROS) generation. FA-WB could significantly restore the AAPH-induced increase in intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels as well as inhibit the intracellular malondialdehyde formation. TNF-?, IL-6, and NO levels indicated that FA-WB can inhibit the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Conclusion Ferulic acid released from wheat bran by a new strain of A. niger had good anti-inflammatory activity and better antioxidant ability than standard ferulic acid.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of the active ingredients combined therapy on inflammatory factors interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β)and neuropeptide Y(NPY)based on pharmacodynamics in rats.Methods:The animal model was b...Objective:To investigate the effects of the active ingredients combined therapy on inflammatory factors interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β)and neuropeptide Y(NPY)based on pharmacodynamics in rats.Methods:The animal model was built by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).The method for evaluating the concentrations of the FA-Pr-AI components in rat plasma was established by using HPLC and the expression levels of IL-1βand NPY were determined by ELISA.A new mathematics method of the trend of percentage rate of change(PRC)was used to assess the correlation between pharmacokinetics(PK)and pharmacodynamics(PD).Results:FA-Pr-Al in combination reduced neurological deficits,decreased infarct volume and inhibited the expression levels of IL-1βand NPY(all P<0.05)compared with the model group.FA,Pr and Al all displayed two compartment open models in rats.Clockwise hysteresis loops were obtained by time-concentration-effect curves.IL-1βand NPY level changes in the plasma followed an opposite trend to the plasma concentration tendency after C_(max)was reached.Astragaloside's PRC value was significantly higher than those of FA and puerarin between 120 to 180 min.Conclusions:The pharmacokinetics of FA-PrAl in combination were closely related its pharmacodynamics in treating ischemia/reperfusion injury,and the components of FA-Pr-Al may have a synergistic pharmacological effect.Astragaloside may play a more pronounced role in regulating IL-1βand NPY levels compared with puerarin or FA.展开更多
Fatty acid composition of four Sargassum species from Qingdao and Shidao,Shandong Provincewas investigated.16:0(palmitic acid)was the major saturated fatty acid.C<sub>18</sub> and C<sub>20</sub&...Fatty acid composition of four Sargassum species from Qingdao and Shidao,Shandong Provincewas investigated.16:0(palmitic acid)was the major saturated fatty acid.C<sub>18</sub> and C<sub>20</sub>were the mainpolyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs).Arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid predominated amongpolyenoic acids in all the algal species examined.except for Sargassum sp.which had low concentrationof eicosapentaenoic acid.展开更多
The feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of flaxseed on layer's performance and egg quality, and the effects of the dietary ratio of ω-6 fatty acid to ω-3 fatty acid on fatty acid deposition in yolk...The feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of flaxseed on layer's performance and egg quality, and the effects of the dietary ratio of ω-6 fatty acid to ω-3 fatty acid on fatty acid deposition in yolk using flaxseed as resource of ω-3 fatty acid and sunflower seed as resource of ω-6 fatty acid. 192 20-wk-old Newroman commercial hens were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates containing 8 birds. The rations corresponding with the four treatments were formulated with 4% flaxseed + 9% sunflower seed, 8% flaxseed + 18% sunflower seed, 15% flaxseed, and soybean meal, respectively. Sunflower seed was unshelled and flaxseed was whole. Ratios of ω-6 fatty acid to ω-3 fatty acid in 4 dietary treatments were 5.67, 5.21, 1.07, and 11.83, respectively. It can be concluded that long-term feeding 15% flaxseed had no significant (P〉 0.05) influence on egg production, egg weight, eggshell quality, yolk weight, and percentage of yolk weight. Dietary ratio of ω-6 fatty acid to ω-3 fatty acid had impact on the 0-3 fatty acid levels in yolk, nevertheless yolk fatty acid profiles were different from those of dietary fatty acid compositions.展开更多
Objective:To identify the anti-depressive effect of ferulic acid(FA)in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and explore its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mice were divided into 5 groups as follows:Control,LPS,LPS...Objective:To identify the anti-depressive effect of ferulic acid(FA)in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and explore its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mice were divided into 5 groups as follows:Control,LPS,LPS+SP,LPS+FA,and LPS+FA+anisomycin.The LPS+FA and LPS+FA+anisomycin groups were administered with FA(100 mg/kg,i.p.)once daily continuously for 7 days,and the other groups received an equivalent volume of saline.On the 7 th day,LPS(0.1 mg/m L,i.p.)was injected in all mice except the control group 30 min after FA or saline administration.The LPS+SP and LPS+FA+anisomycin groups were intravenously administered with SP600125[c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)inhibitor](100μL/site,i.v.)and anisomycin(JNK activator)(100μL/site,i.v.)15 min before LPS,respectively.The depressive behaviors were assessed by open field test,sucrose preference test,and forced swimming test at 24 h post-LPS administration.Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels in plasma were measured by ELISA.The levels of phospho-JNK,TNF-α,IL-1β,Bcl-2,Bax,cytochrome c and caspase-3 were evaluated by Western blotting.Results:FA alleviated depression symptoms caused by LPS in mice,including increasing sucrose water consumption in sucrose preference test and reducing the immobility time in forced swimming test.FA could inhibit upregulated levels of phospho-JNK,TNF-α,and IL-1β.FA also markedly decreased Bax,caspase-3,and cytochrome c,and increased Bcl-2 levels.Besides,SP600125 showed neuroprotective effect similar to FA which was attenuated by anisomycin.Conclusions:FA attenuates inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting LPS-induced activation of JNK to alleviate depressionlike behaviors.展开更多
A surfactant modified zeolite( SMZ), i. e. , a zeolite modified by using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA) was used to remove fulvic acids(FA) from aqueous solution. The effects of the relevant parame...A surfactant modified zeolite( SMZ), i. e. , a zeolite modified by using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA) was used to remove fulvic acids(FA) from aqueous solution. The effects of the relevant parameters, such as the loading level of HDTMA, the contact time, the initial FA concentration, the pH, and the types of the metal carious and organics were examined. The results show that SMZ with an HDTMA loading-level of 120% of the external cation exchange capacity(ECEC) of zeolite exhibits the best performance. Although the removal of fulvic acids by SMZ occurs rapidly within the first 30 min of the contact time, a contact time of at least 4 h is required to attain the adsorption equilibrium. The removal capacity of FA by SMZ decreases with the increase of the initial FA concentration. The pH has an effect on the FA removal efficiency because it can influence the characteristics of the FA molecules. The removal of FA is considerably enhanced by Ca^2+ or Mg^2+ ions and is adversely affected by phenol or pentachlorophenol(PCP). Under the optimum conditions, 98% of FA could be removed by SMZ. Furthermore, the desorption of FA and the regeneration of SMZ were studied. The results show that a 30% ethanol solution is sufficient for the regeneration of SMZ.展开更多
Mouse blastocysts were exposed to doses of 0, 1 and 10 μmol/L retinoic acid (RA) for 24 h and the cytotoxic effect of RA on the mouse blastocysts in vitro was observed. FITC-labeled terminal deoxynucleotidyl transf...Mouse blastocysts were exposed to doses of 0, 1 and 10 μmol/L retinoic acid (RA) for 24 h and the cytotoxic effect of RA on the mouse blastocysts in vitro was observed. FITC-labeled terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL-FITC) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells and immunohistochemical S-P staining method was used to detect the expression of Fas protein in mouse blastocysts in vitro. The results showed that RA could induce apoptosis and increase the expression of Fas proteins of trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) cells in blastocysts. Compared with the findings for the control blastocysts, exposure to RA (10 μmol/L) resulted in a more significant apoptosis and higher expression level of Fas proteins (P〈0.01). It was concluded that RA could induce apoptosis, which may result in a significant reduction in the average number of total cells and the trophectoderm/inner cell mass in blastocysts and an increased expression of Fas protein, suggesting that RA had a cytotoxic effect on the growth and development of early embryos in mice.展开更多
Objective:To determine fatty acid synthase(FAS)expression in human multiple myeloma and verify its potential as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.Methods:FAS expression was determined by immunohistochemistry,re...Objective:To determine fatty acid synthase(FAS)expression in human multiple myeloma and verify its potential as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.Methods:FAS expression was determined by immunohistochemistry,re- verse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and immunoblot analysis in bone marrow samples obtained from 27 patients with multiple myeloma(MM patients)and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)obtained from 12 healthy donors. In parallel,additional analyses were performed on 2 human multiple myeloma cell lines,U266 and RPMI8226.U266 cells were treated with cerulenin at various concentrations(5 to 320μg/ml)for 24 h,and metabolic activity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assays.Apoptosis was evaluated by dual Annexin V/PI (propidium iodide)labeling and flow cytometry(FCM)in U266 cells treated with 20μg/ml cerulenin for 12 h or 24 h.Results:By immunohistochemistry,we found that 19 of 27 bone marrow samples obtained from MM patients expressed significantly high levels of FAS.Similarly,by RT-PCR,22 of 27 bone marrow samples obtained from MM patients,U266 and RPMI8226 showed FAS expression,whereas PBMC samples from 12 healthy donors did not express detectable level of FAS.FAS protein expression was confirmed by immunoblot analysis in 16 of 27 bone marrow samples obtained from MM patients,U266 and RPMI8226 cell lines,and no FAS protein expression was detected in PBMC samples from 12 healthy donors.U266 cells were highly sensitive to cerulenin treatment,with a dosage-related effect on metabolic activity,as a measure for cell proliferation.U266 cells treated with 20μg/ml cerulenin for 12 and 24 h also showed early sign of apoptosis with 56.9%and 69.3%Annexin V+/PI ?cells,and late apoptotic and necrotic cells with 3.2%and 17.6%Annexin V+/PI +cells.Conclusion:Increased FAS expression existed in multiple myeloma samples and human myeloma cell lines.Cerulenin greatly inhibited metabolic activity/cell proliferation of U266 cells and induced apoptosis,suggesting that FAS is an effective target for pharmacological therapy in human multiple myeloma.展开更多
Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid...Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A.japonicus using multivariate analyses(PERMANOVA,MDS,ANOSIM,and SIMPER).The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly.The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and nonaestivated sea cucumbers.Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation,and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation,are digested during deep aestivation.Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A.japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.展开更多
According to WHO, cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012. Among several factors involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, free radical formation followed by damage to DNA...According to WHO, cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012. Among several factors involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, free radical formation followed by damage to DNA and cell protein is one of the causes. Natural plant products have gained enormous interest in the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases. Ferulic acid, like other phenolic acids (caffeic acid, sinapic acid) possess anti cancer activity. A series of ferulic esters (FE1 - FE11) and ferulic amides (FA1 - FA10) were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity.展开更多
AIM: To study the effects of ferulic acid on gastrointe-stinal motility both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: Ferulic acid induced concentration-dependent stimulation of the basal tone of isolated guinea pig ileum (2-20 ...AIM: To study the effects of ferulic acid on gastrointe-stinal motility both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: Ferulic acid induced concentration-dependent stimulation of the basal tone of isolated guinea pig ileum (2-20 μmol/L) and isolated rat fundus (0.05-0.4 mmol/L). RESULTS: Ferulic acid significantly accelerated the gastrointestinal transit and gastric emptying in rats in a dose-dependent manner (50-200 mg/kg, po). Cisplatin (2.5-20 mg/kg, ip) induced a dose-dependent delay in gastric emptying in rats. Pretreatment with ferulic acid dose-dependently, significantly reversed the cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying. CONCLUSION: The endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in mediating the stimulant effects of ferulic acid. This effect of dietary ferulic acid may help improve other accompanying gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal discomfort and also may protect against emesis induced by cytotoxic drugs.展开更多
In this study, dielectric barrier discharge plasma and ozone(O_3) were combined to synergistically degrade trans-ferulic acid(FA), and the effect of water quality on FA degradation was studied. The results showed that...In this study, dielectric barrier discharge plasma and ozone(O_3) were combined to synergistically degrade trans-ferulic acid(FA), and the effect of water quality on FA degradation was studied. The results showed that 96.9% of FA was degraded after 40 min treatment by the plasma/O_3 process. FA degradation efficiency increased with the p H values. The presence of suspended solid and humic acid inhibited FA degradation. FA degradation efficiency increased as the water temperature increased to 30 °C. However, the further increase in water temperature was adverse for FA degradation. Effects of common inorganic ions on FA degradation were also investigated. The addition of Cl^- inhibited the FA degradation, whileCO_3^(2-) had both negative and positive influences on FA degradation.NO_3^- andSO_4^(2-) did not have significant effect on FA degradation. Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)benefited FA degradation through the Fenton-like and catalytic ozonation reactions.展开更多
基金grateful for the financial support for this work from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870560,22108088)the State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering(South China University of Technology),No.202105.
文摘Ferulic acid(FA)and p-coumaric acid(pCA)in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis and characterized by gas chromatography(GC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).It was found that the FA and most of the pCA in gramineous biomass could be dissociated and released after being treated with 1 M NaOH at 100℃for 4 h.The yields of pCA/FA in bagasse,wheat straw,corn straw,and corncob determined by GC-FID are 39.8/11.5,13.7/11.0,28.0/11.0,and 35.1/14.5 mg/g,respectively.The raw materials and the treated solid residues were characterized by gel-state 2D Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(2D HSQC NMR).It was found that only a small amount of lignin was detected in the residue after alkali treatment,indicating that the alkali treatment conditions can effectively cleave the FA and pCA.Additionally,the lignin in the alkali solution was recovered and characterized by 2D HSQC NMR.The FA was not able to be detected by NMR,whereas a small amount of pCA remained in the alkali lignin.This study reveals the structural change of residual lignins during the quantitative isolation of FA and pCA,which is essential for the selective isolation of pCA/FA and valorization of residual alkali lignin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:21927808 and 81803483).
文摘Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is a metabolic disease and a leading cause of heart failure among people with diabetes.Mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)is a versatile technique capable of combining the molecular specificity of mass spectrometry(MS)with the spatial information of imaging.In this study,we used MSI to visualize metabolites in the rat heart with high spatial resolution and sensitivity.We optimized the air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization(AFADESI)-MSI platform to detect a wide range of metabolites,and then used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization(MALDI)-MSI for increasing metabolic coverage and improving localization resolution.AFADESI-MSI detected 214 and 149 metabolites in positive and negative analyses of rat heart sections,respectively,while MALDI-MSI detected 61 metabolites in negative analysis.Our study revealed the heterogenous metabolic profile of the heart in a DCM model,with over 105 region-specific changes in the levels of a wide range of metabolite classes,including carbohydrates,amino acids,nucleotides,and their derivatives,fatty acids,glycerol phospholipids,carnitines,and metal ions.The repeated oral administration of ferulic acid during 20 weeks significantly improved most of the metabolic disorders in the DCM model.Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying DCM and the potential of ferulic acid as a therapeutic agent for treating this condition.
基金Supported by Medical Science Foundation of Military for Young Scholars (No.19QNP064)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20191233)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (No.2022ZB702)。
文摘AIM: To examine the protection of ferulic acid(FA) against ionizing radiation(IR)-induced lens injury in rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms.METHODS: FA(50 mg/kg) was administered to rats for 4 consecutive days before they were given 10 Gy γ-radiation, as well as for 3 consecutive days afterward. Two weeks after radiation, the eye tissues were collected. Histological alterations were evaluated by hematoxylineosin staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was utilized to assess the activities of glutathione reductase(GR) and superoxide dismutase(SOD), as well as the levels of glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the lenses. The protein and m RNA levels of Bcl-2, caspase-3, Bax, heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), and glutamatecysteine ligase catalytic subunit(GCLC) were quantified using Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. With nuclear extracts, the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor(Nrf2) protein expressions in the nuclei were also measured.RESULTS: Rats exposed to IR showed lens histological alterations which could be alleviated by FA. FA treatment reversed apoptosis-related markers in IR-induced lens, as evidenced by lower levels of Bax and caspase-3 and higher level of Bcl-2. Furthermore, IR induced oxidative damage manifested by decreased GSH level, increased MDA level, and decreased SOD and GR activities. FA boosted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased the expressions of HO-1 and GCLC to inhibit oxidative stress, as evidenced by an increase in GSH, a decrease in MDA, and an increase in GR and SOD activities.CONCLUSION: FA may work well in preventing and treating IR-induced cataract through promoting the Nrf2 signal pathway to attenuate oxidative damage and cell apoptosis.
基金supported by the Faculty of Medicine Research Fund(GEN2-01/2016),Thammasat University,Thailand
文摘Objective: To evaluate the insulin sensitivity action of ferulic acid(FA) in skeletal muscle and hypothalamus of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods: Obese mouse model was induced by HFD(45 kcal% lard fat) for 16 weeks. After 8 weeks of HFD feeding, these obese mice were orally treated with FA at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks. At the end of all treatments, the epididymal fat, pancreas, skeletal muscle and hypothalamus were removed for biochemical parameter and protein expression examinations. Results: FA treatment significantly decreased leptin level in fat tissue and insulin level in pancreas(P < 0.05). Interestingly, obese mice treated with FA increased the protein expressions of insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and phosphorylated-protein kinase B in both muscle and brain(P < 0.05). The phosphorylations of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in muscle, and leptin receptor protein in hypothalamus were also increased(P < 0.05). The pancreatic islets histology showed smaller size in obese mice treated with FA compared to untreated obese mice. Conclusions: These findings indicate the beneficial effect of FA in improving insulin resistance in HFD-induced obese mice. These effects are probably mediated via modulating the insulin receptor substrate/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B or adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province [Nos.2016A040402020,2016B010121014]
文摘Objective A strain of Aspergillus niger(A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of ferulic acid released from wheat bran by this A. niger strain(FA-WB) were evaluated. Methods Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences were conducted; antioxidant ability was examined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity(CAA) assays, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. RAW264.7 cells were used as a model to detect anti-inflammatory activity. Results The filamentous fungal isolate was identified to be A. niger. ORAC and CAA assay showed that FA-WB had better antioxidant activity than that of the ferulic acid standard. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay results suggested that FA-WB could attenuate AAPH-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxy gen species(ROS) generation. FA-WB could significantly restore the AAPH-induced increase in intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels as well as inhibit the intracellular malondialdehyde formation. TNF-?, IL-6, and NO levels indicated that FA-WB can inhibit the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Conclusion Ferulic acid released from wheat bran by a new strain of A. niger had good anti-inflammatory activity and better antioxidant ability than standard ferulic acid.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(81274176)the Clinical Medicine Special Foundation of China(12012064)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation of Province(LY13H280008)the Science and Technology Department of public welfare project(2014C33212)
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of the active ingredients combined therapy on inflammatory factors interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β)and neuropeptide Y(NPY)based on pharmacodynamics in rats.Methods:The animal model was built by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).The method for evaluating the concentrations of the FA-Pr-AI components in rat plasma was established by using HPLC and the expression levels of IL-1βand NPY were determined by ELISA.A new mathematics method of the trend of percentage rate of change(PRC)was used to assess the correlation between pharmacokinetics(PK)and pharmacodynamics(PD).Results:FA-Pr-Al in combination reduced neurological deficits,decreased infarct volume and inhibited the expression levels of IL-1βand NPY(all P<0.05)compared with the model group.FA,Pr and Al all displayed two compartment open models in rats.Clockwise hysteresis loops were obtained by time-concentration-effect curves.IL-1βand NPY level changes in the plasma followed an opposite trend to the plasma concentration tendency after C_(max)was reached.Astragaloside's PRC value was significantly higher than those of FA and puerarin between 120 to 180 min.Conclusions:The pharmacokinetics of FA-PrAl in combination were closely related its pharmacodynamics in treating ischemia/reperfusion injury,and the components of FA-Pr-Al may have a synergistic pharmacological effect.Astragaloside may play a more pronounced role in regulating IL-1βand NPY levels compared with puerarin or FA.
文摘Fatty acid composition of four Sargassum species from Qingdao and Shidao,Shandong Provincewas investigated.16:0(palmitic acid)was the major saturated fatty acid.C<sub>18</sub> and C<sub>20</sub>were the mainpolyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs).Arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid predominated amongpolyenoic acids in all the algal species examined.except for Sargassum sp.which had low concentrationof eicosapentaenoic acid.
基金supported by the Heilongjiang Province Government Foundation,China(HL-98)
文摘The feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of flaxseed on layer's performance and egg quality, and the effects of the dietary ratio of ω-6 fatty acid to ω-3 fatty acid on fatty acid deposition in yolk using flaxseed as resource of ω-3 fatty acid and sunflower seed as resource of ω-6 fatty acid. 192 20-wk-old Newroman commercial hens were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates containing 8 birds. The rations corresponding with the four treatments were formulated with 4% flaxseed + 9% sunflower seed, 8% flaxseed + 18% sunflower seed, 15% flaxseed, and soybean meal, respectively. Sunflower seed was unshelled and flaxseed was whole. Ratios of ω-6 fatty acid to ω-3 fatty acid in 4 dietary treatments were 5.67, 5.21, 1.07, and 11.83, respectively. It can be concluded that long-term feeding 15% flaxseed had no significant (P〉 0.05) influence on egg production, egg weight, eggshell quality, yolk weight, and percentage of yolk weight. Dietary ratio of ω-6 fatty acid to ω-3 fatty acid had impact on the 0-3 fatty acid levels in yolk, nevertheless yolk fatty acid profiles were different from those of dietary fatty acid compositions.
基金supported by the Six Talent Peaks Project of Jiangsu Province(YY-042)Xuzhou Science&Technology Plan Project(KC16SG250)
文摘Objective:To identify the anti-depressive effect of ferulic acid(FA)in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and explore its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mice were divided into 5 groups as follows:Control,LPS,LPS+SP,LPS+FA,and LPS+FA+anisomycin.The LPS+FA and LPS+FA+anisomycin groups were administered with FA(100 mg/kg,i.p.)once daily continuously for 7 days,and the other groups received an equivalent volume of saline.On the 7 th day,LPS(0.1 mg/m L,i.p.)was injected in all mice except the control group 30 min after FA or saline administration.The LPS+SP and LPS+FA+anisomycin groups were intravenously administered with SP600125[c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)inhibitor](100μL/site,i.v.)and anisomycin(JNK activator)(100μL/site,i.v.)15 min before LPS,respectively.The depressive behaviors were assessed by open field test,sucrose preference test,and forced swimming test at 24 h post-LPS administration.Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)levels in plasma were measured by ELISA.The levels of phospho-JNK,TNF-α,IL-1β,Bcl-2,Bax,cytochrome c and caspase-3 were evaluated by Western blotting.Results:FA alleviated depression symptoms caused by LPS in mice,including increasing sucrose water consumption in sucrose preference test and reducing the immobility time in forced swimming test.FA could inhibit upregulated levels of phospho-JNK,TNF-α,and IL-1β.FA also markedly decreased Bax,caspase-3,and cytochrome c,and increased Bcl-2 levels.Besides,SP600125 showed neuroprotective effect similar to FA which was attenuated by anisomycin.Conclusions:FA attenuates inflammation and apoptosis by inhibiting LPS-induced activation of JNK to alleviate depressionlike behaviors.
基金Supported by the National High-tech and Development of Program of China(No. 2003AA601060).
文摘A surfactant modified zeolite( SMZ), i. e. , a zeolite modified by using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HDTMA) was used to remove fulvic acids(FA) from aqueous solution. The effects of the relevant parameters, such as the loading level of HDTMA, the contact time, the initial FA concentration, the pH, and the types of the metal carious and organics were examined. The results show that SMZ with an HDTMA loading-level of 120% of the external cation exchange capacity(ECEC) of zeolite exhibits the best performance. Although the removal of fulvic acids by SMZ occurs rapidly within the first 30 min of the contact time, a contact time of at least 4 h is required to attain the adsorption equilibrium. The removal capacity of FA by SMZ decreases with the increase of the initial FA concentration. The pH has an effect on the FA removal efficiency because it can influence the characteristics of the FA molecules. The removal of FA is considerably enhanced by Ca^2+ or Mg^2+ ions and is adversely affected by phenol or pentachlorophenol(PCP). Under the optimum conditions, 98% of FA could be removed by SMZ. Furthermore, the desorption of FA and the regeneration of SMZ were studied. The results show that a 30% ethanol solution is sufficient for the regeneration of SMZ.
文摘Mouse blastocysts were exposed to doses of 0, 1 and 10 μmol/L retinoic acid (RA) for 24 h and the cytotoxic effect of RA on the mouse blastocysts in vitro was observed. FITC-labeled terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL-FITC) assay was employed to stain apoptotic cells and immunohistochemical S-P staining method was used to detect the expression of Fas protein in mouse blastocysts in vitro. The results showed that RA could induce apoptosis and increase the expression of Fas proteins of trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) cells in blastocysts. Compared with the findings for the control blastocysts, exposure to RA (10 μmol/L) resulted in a more significant apoptosis and higher expression level of Fas proteins (P〈0.01). It was concluded that RA could induce apoptosis, which may result in a significant reduction in the average number of total cells and the trophectoderm/inner cell mass in blastocysts and an increased expression of Fas protein, suggesting that RA had a cytotoxic effect on the growth and development of early embryos in mice.
基金Project supported by the Medicine and Health Research Fund of Zhejiang Province(No.2007B091)the Office of Education of Zhejiang Province,China(No.20070104)
文摘Objective:To determine fatty acid synthase(FAS)expression in human multiple myeloma and verify its potential as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.Methods:FAS expression was determined by immunohistochemistry,re- verse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and immunoblot analysis in bone marrow samples obtained from 27 patients with multiple myeloma(MM patients)and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)obtained from 12 healthy donors. In parallel,additional analyses were performed on 2 human multiple myeloma cell lines,U266 and RPMI8226.U266 cells were treated with cerulenin at various concentrations(5 to 320μg/ml)for 24 h,and metabolic activity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assays.Apoptosis was evaluated by dual Annexin V/PI (propidium iodide)labeling and flow cytometry(FCM)in U266 cells treated with 20μg/ml cerulenin for 12 h or 24 h.Results:By immunohistochemistry,we found that 19 of 27 bone marrow samples obtained from MM patients expressed significantly high levels of FAS.Similarly,by RT-PCR,22 of 27 bone marrow samples obtained from MM patients,U266 and RPMI8226 showed FAS expression,whereas PBMC samples from 12 healthy donors did not express detectable level of FAS.FAS protein expression was confirmed by immunoblot analysis in 16 of 27 bone marrow samples obtained from MM patients,U266 and RPMI8226 cell lines,and no FAS protein expression was detected in PBMC samples from 12 healthy donors.U266 cells were highly sensitive to cerulenin treatment,with a dosage-related effect on metabolic activity,as a measure for cell proliferation.U266 cells treated with 20μg/ml cerulenin for 12 and 24 h also showed early sign of apoptosis with 56.9%and 69.3%Annexin V+/PI ?cells,and late apoptotic and necrotic cells with 3.2%and 17.6%Annexin V+/PI +cells.Conclusion:Increased FAS expression existed in multiple myeloma samples and human myeloma cell lines.Cerulenin greatly inhibited metabolic activity/cell proliferation of U266 cells and induced apoptosis,suggesting that FAS is an effective target for pharmacological therapy in human multiple myeloma.
基金Supported by the National Marine Public Welfare Research Project(No.201305043)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41106134)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(Nos.2011BAD13B02,2010BAC68B01)
文摘Fatty acids(FAs) provide energy and also can be used to trace trophic relationships among organisms.Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus goes into a state of aestivation during warm summer months.We examined fatty acid profiles in aestivated and non-aestivated A.japonicus using multivariate analyses(PERMANOVA,MDS,ANOSIM,and SIMPER).The results indicate that the fatty acid profiles of aestivated and non-aestivated sea cucumbers differed significantly.The FAs that were produced by bacteria and brown kelp contributed the most to the differences in the fatty acid composition of aestivated and nonaestivated sea cucumbers.Aestivated sea cucumbers may synthesize FAs from heterotrophic bacteria during early aestivation,and long chain FAs such as eicosapentaenoic(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) that produced from intestinal degradation,are digested during deep aestivation.Specific changes in the fatty acid composition of A.japonicus during aestivation needs more detailed study in the future.
文摘According to WHO, cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 8.2 million deaths in 2012. Among several factors involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, free radical formation followed by damage to DNA and cell protein is one of the causes. Natural plant products have gained enormous interest in the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases. Ferulic acid, like other phenolic acids (caffeic acid, sinapic acid) possess anti cancer activity. A series of ferulic esters (FE1 - FE11) and ferulic amides (FA1 - FA10) were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity.
文摘AIM: To study the effects of ferulic acid on gastrointe-stinal motility both in vitro and in vivo.METHODS: Ferulic acid induced concentration-dependent stimulation of the basal tone of isolated guinea pig ileum (2-20 μmol/L) and isolated rat fundus (0.05-0.4 mmol/L). RESULTS: Ferulic acid significantly accelerated the gastrointestinal transit and gastric emptying in rats in a dose-dependent manner (50-200 mg/kg, po). Cisplatin (2.5-20 mg/kg, ip) induced a dose-dependent delay in gastric emptying in rats. Pretreatment with ferulic acid dose-dependently, significantly reversed the cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying. CONCLUSION: The endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in mediating the stimulant effects of ferulic acid. This effect of dietary ferulic acid may help improve other accompanying gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal discomfort and also may protect against emesis induced by cytotoxic drugs.
基金Foundation item: Project(50925417) supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China Project(50830301) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(2011467062) supported by National Research Fund for Public Benefit (Environmental Protection) Industries, China
文摘In this study, dielectric barrier discharge plasma and ozone(O_3) were combined to synergistically degrade trans-ferulic acid(FA), and the effect of water quality on FA degradation was studied. The results showed that 96.9% of FA was degraded after 40 min treatment by the plasma/O_3 process. FA degradation efficiency increased with the p H values. The presence of suspended solid and humic acid inhibited FA degradation. FA degradation efficiency increased as the water temperature increased to 30 °C. However, the further increase in water temperature was adverse for FA degradation. Effects of common inorganic ions on FA degradation were also investigated. The addition of Cl^- inhibited the FA degradation, whileCO_3^(2-) had both negative and positive influences on FA degradation.NO_3^- andSO_4^(2-) did not have significant effect on FA degradation. Fe^(3+)and Cu^(2+)benefited FA degradation through the Fenton-like and catalytic ozonation reactions.