Associations of serum D-dimer and glycosylated hemoglobin levels with third-trimester fetal growth restriction in gestational diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is a special type of diabetes that commonly occurs in women during pregnancy and involves impaired glucose tolerance and abnormal glucose metabolism;GDM is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy and can affect fetal growth and development.AIM To investigate the associations of serum D-dimer(D-D)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels with third-trimester fetal growth restriction(FGR)in GDM patients.METHODS The clinical data of 164 pregnant women who were diagnosed with GDM and delivered at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University from January 2021 to January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.Among these women,63 whose fetuses had FGR were included in the FGR group,and 101 women whose fetuses had normal body weights were included in the normal body weight group(normal group).Fasting venous blood samples were collected from the elbow at 28-30 wk gestation and 1-3 d before delivery to measure serum D-D and HbA1c levels for comparative analysis.The diagnostic value of serum D-D and HbA1c levels for FGR was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis,and the influencing factors of third-trimester FGR in GDM patients were analyzed by logistic regression.RESULTS Serum fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,D-D and HbA1c levels were significantly greater in the FGR group than in the normal group,while the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values were lower(P<0.05).Regarding the diagnosis of FGR based on serum D-D and HbA1c levels,the areas under the curves(AUCs)were 0.826 and 0.848,the cutoff values were 3.04 mg/L and 5.80%,the sensitivities were 81.0%and 79.4%,and the specificities were 88.1%and 87.1%,respectively.The AUC of serum D-D plus HbA1c levels for diagnosing FGR was 0.928,and the sensitivity and specificity were 84.1%and 91.1%,respectively.High D-D and HbA1c levels were risk factors for third-trimester FGR in GDM patients(P<0.05).CONCLUSION D-D and HbA1c levels can indicate the occurrence of FGR in GDM patients in the third trimester of pregnancy to some extent,and their combination can be used as an important index for the early prediction of FGR.

Relationship between ultrasound parameters of the umbilical and middle cerebral arteries and intrauterine fetal distress

BACKGROUND By comprehensively analyzing the blood flow parameters of the umbilical and middle cerebral arteries,doctors can more accurately identify fetal intrauterine distress,as well as assess its severity,so that timely interventions can be implemented to safeguard the health and safety of the fetus.AIM To identify the relationship between ultrasound parameters of the umbilical and middle cerebral arteries and intrauterine distress.METHODS Clinical data of pregnant women admitted between January 2021 and January 2023 were collected and divided into the observation and control groups(n=50 each),according to the presence or absence of intrauterine distress.The ultrasound hemodynamic parameters of the uterine artery(UtA),fetal middle cerebral artery(MCA),and umbilical artery(UmA)were compared with neonatal outcomes and occurrence of intrauterine distress in the two groups.RESULTS Comparison of ultrasonic hemodynamic parameters,resistance index(RI),pulsatility index(PI),and systolic maximal blood flow velocity of UmA compared to diastolic blood flow velocity(S/D),revealed higher values of fetal MCA,PI,and S/D of UmA in pregnant women with UtA compared to controls(P<0.05),while there was no difference between the two groups in terms of RI(P<0.05)The incidence of a neonatal Apgar score of 8-10 points was lower in the observation group(66.7%)than in the control group(90.0%),and neonatal weight(2675.5±27.6 g)was lower than in the control group(3117.5±31.2 g).Further,cesarean section rate was higher in the observation group(70.0%)than in the control group(11.7%),and preterm labor rate was higher in the observation group(40.0%)than in the control group(10.0%).The incidence of fetal distress,neonatal growth restriction and neonatal asphyxia were also higher in the observation group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Fetal MCA,UmA,and maternal UtA hemodynamic abnormalities all develop in pregnant women with intrauterine distress during late pregnancy,which suggests that clinical attention should be paid to them,and monitoring should be strengthened to provide guidance for clinical intervention.

Enrichment of Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells by Multi-core Magnetic Composite Particles for Non-invasive Prenatal Diagnosis

A novel kind of multi-core magnetic composite particles, the surfaces of which were respectively mo- dified with goat-anti-mouse IgG and antitransferrin receptor（anti-CD71）, was prepared. The fetal nucleated red blood cells（FNRBCs） in the peripheral blood of a gravida were rapidly and effectively enriched and separated by the mo- dified multi-core magnetic composite particles in an external magnetic field. The obtained FNRBCs were used for the identification of the fetal sex by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH） technique. The results demonstrate that the multi-core magnetic composite particles meet the requirements for the enrichment and speration of FNRBCs with a low concentration and the accuracy of detetion for the diagnosis of fetal sex reached to 95%. Moreover, the obtained FNRBCs were applied to the non-invasive diagnosis of Down syndrome and chromosome 3p21 was de- tected. The above facts indicate that the novel multi-core magnetic composite particles-based method is simple, relia- ble and cost-effective and has opened up vast vistas for the potential application in clinic non-invasive prenatal diag- nosis.

Relationship between leptin levels in maternal blood,amniotic fluid,arterial and venous cord blood and fetal growth

Objective:To study the relationship between leptin concentration and fetal growth.Methods: Levels of leptin in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, arterial and venouscord blood of 65 normal parturients (gestational age 37-42weeks) were measured by ra-dioimmunoassay (RIA) method. At the same time, maternal blood lipids were detected.Neonates were divided into three groups: small for gestational age (SGA) group (n=10), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) group (n=45), large for gestational age(LGA) group (n= 10). Statistical analysis was performed by t test, variance analysisand correlation analysis.Results: (1) There was no obvious correlation between leptin concentrations in ma-ternal serum and arterial/ venous cord blood, amniotic fluid, and also no correlationwith birth weight and placental weight (P＞0.05). Maternal body mass index signifi-cantly correlated with birth weight and neonatal length and leptin levels in arterial andvenous cord blood (P＜0.01). Leptin levels in arterial and venous cord blood positivelycorrelated significantly with placental and neonatal weight and body length (P＜0.01)and negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein (P＜0. 01). There was no obvi-ous correlation between fetal gender and leptin concentrations in maternal serum, arteri-al and venous cord blood and amniotic fluid; (2) Leptin levels in arterial and venouscord blood , placental weight in LGA group were significantly higher than those in SGAand AGA group (P＜0.05). Among three groups, leptin concentrations in maternalblood were significantly higher than those in arterial and venous cord blood (P＜0.05).Conclusions: (1)Fetal leptin is synthesized in uterus, born of itself and placenta.Leptin levels in arterial and venous cord blood are related to the intrauterine growthpattern. It might positively regulate birth weight and body fat content. (2)Either mater-nal or fetal leptin was not correlated with fetal gender. There is no gender difference infetal leptin concentrations.

Detection of Fetal Nucleated Erythrocytes and Fetal DNA from Peripheral Blood of Pregnant Women

In order to search for a more reliable method of sorting fetal nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) and DNA from maternal peripheral blood and to identify origin of NRBCs and DNA, NRBCs were isolated from peripheral blood of 88 pregnant women by density gradient centrifugation and fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) respectively. Nested polymerase chain reaction was used to detect normal male SRY gene from blood plasma DNA of 65 pregnant women. The results revealed that fetal NRBCs were found in 14 of 27 maternal samples by density gradient centrifugation. The number of cells was from 1 to 10. Using FACS, CD71 + cells were identified among all 61 samples. The frequency was (0.35±0.25)×10 -2; The detectable rate of the SRY gene of blood plasma DNA from 46 women carrying male fetuses was 65.22 % (30/46). Non-detectable rate for 19 women carrying female fetuses was 94.74 % (18/19). It was concluded that the methods of sorting fetal NRBCs and DNA have already made great progress. The methods for fetal NRBCs and plasma DNA from maternal peripheral blood to diagnose genetic diseases seem to be the best methods of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.

Y Specific Sequence Gene Analysis of Single Fetal Nucleated Erythroblasts from the Peripheral Blood of Pregnant Women

The single cell isolation technique was used to detect fetal nucleated erythroblasts at a single cell level from the peripheral blood of pregnant women in order to investigate the feasibility of this method for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis. Single fetal nucleated erythroblasts were isolated from the peripheral blood samples from 51 pregnant women by micromanipulation techniques after density gradient centrifugation. Nested polymerase chain reaction method was used to amplify the SRY gene. It was found that the concordance rate of amplification results with real fetal sex was 82.61 %. The sensitivity and specificity were 80 % and 87.50 % respectively. It was suggested that it is feasible and promising in non invasive prenatal diagnosis to detect fetal nucleated erythroblasts at a single cell level by using micromanipulation techniques.

Comparative characterization of human fetal neural stem cells and induced neural stem cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Human-induced neural stem cells(iNSCs)transplantation is a potential treatment of neurodegeneration diseases.However,whether the reprogrammed cells have the same characterizations as human fetal neural stem cells needs further exploration.Here we isolated human fetal neural stem cells from aborted 12-week fetal brains and compared with iNSCs reprogrammed from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in gene expression,proliferation ability,differentiation capacity,and the responses to tumor necrosis factor-α.We found that iNSCs and NSCs both expressed neural stem cell markers Nestin,SOX1,and SOX2.However,only iNSCs can be patterned into dopaminergic neurons and motor neurons.Furthermore,both iNSCs and NSCs can differentiate into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.In addition,a low dose of tumor necrosis factor-αdid not inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of iNSCs and NSCs.In conclusion,iNSCs have properties similar to,and even better than,fetal neural stem cells and may be suitable for disease modeling and transplantation.

Umbilical blood flow ultrasound characteristics of perioperative fetal intrauterine hypoxia and their relationship with maternal and fetal oxidative stress injury

Objective:To study the relationship between umbilical blood flow ultrasound characteristics of perioperative fetal intrauterine hypoxia and maternal as well as fetal oxidative stress injury.Methods: 108 puerperae giving birth in our hospital between May 2014 and October 2016 were selected and divided into normal pregnancy group with neonatal Apgar score >7 points and intrauterine hypoxia group with neonatal Apgar score≤7 points, color Doppler diasonograph was used to determine umbilical blood flow ultrasound parameters, umbilical cord blood was collected to determine the levels of oxidative stress products, and the placenta was collected to determine the levels of oxidative stress products and related apoptosis molecules.Results: During 24–30 weeks, 31–36 weeks and 37–41 weeks of pregnancy, umbilical blood flow resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and diastolic velocity/systolic velocity (S/D) of intrauterine hypoxia group were significantly higher than those of normal pregnancy group (P<0.05);malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), 8-isoprostanes (8-iso), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) levels in umbilical cord blood of intrauterine hypoxia group were significantly higher than those of normal pregnancy group (P<0.05), MDA, oxLDL, 8-ios, HSP-70, Fas, FasL and Bax levels in placenta tissue were significantly higher than those of normal pregnancy group (P<0.05), and Bcl-2 and XIAP levels were significantly lower than those of normal pregnancy group (P<0.05);RI, PI and S/D were positively correlated with MDA, oxLDL, 8-ios and HSP-70 levels in umbilical cord blood and placenta tissue, positively correlated with Fas, FasL and Bax levels in placenta tissue, and negatively correlated with Bcl-2 and XIAP levels in placental tissue.Conclusions:The increased umbilical blood flow resistance and decreased flow volume of fetal intrauterine hypoxia are closely related to maternal, fetal and placental oxidative stress injury.

基于彩色多普勒超声分析胎儿脐血流对FGR的诊断价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声胎儿脐血流参数对FGR的诊断价值。方法:回顾性选取2019年12月~2021年12月收治的100例FGR孕妇(研究组)及100例正常孕妇(对照组),均接受超声检测。分析胎儿超声脐血流参数与FGR的关系,Logistic回归分析FGR发生的影响因素。ROC曲线分析胎儿脐血流参数对FGR的诊断价值。结果:Logistic分析显示年龄、羊水过少、低蛋白血症、RI,PI,S/D均是FGR发病的影响因素。ROC分析显示S/D、RI、PI对FGR诊断价值高。结论:FGR胎儿彩色多普勒RI,PI,S/D异常升高,具有良好诊断价值。

妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症患者脐动脉血流参数与胎儿宫内窘迫关系

目的:探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症(ICP)脐动脉血流参数与胎儿宫内窘迫的关系。方法:收集2018年3月-2021年3月于本院治疗的妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症患者101例临床资料为病例组,产前检查健康孕妇85例临床资料为对照组,以是否发生胎儿宫内窘迫将病例组分为宫内窘迫组和非宫内窘迫组,分析各组脐动脉血流参数水平及与胎儿宫内窘迫发生的相关性。结果:病例组脐动脉血流参数S/D(4.23±0.35)、RI(1.66±0.32)及PI(1.05±0.15)水平均高于对照组(3.61±0.25、1.01±0.21、0.74±0.23),胎儿宫内窘迫组高于无胎儿宫内窘迫组;相关性分析,脐动脉血流参数S/D、RI及PI与胎儿宫内窘迫发生呈正相关(均P<0.05)。结论:妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症患者脐动脉血流参数异常,且与发生胎儿宫内窘迫正相关,为临床病情控制有临床指导意义。

低分子肝素与阿司匹林联合应用于子宫动脉血流阻力升高复发性流产保胎治疗中的效果

目的分析低分子肝素联合阿司匹林治疗子宫动脉血流阻力升高复发性流产的效果。方法选取150例复发性流产患者,采用随机表法分为对照组及研究组,每组75例。对照组采用地屈孕酮治疗,研究组采用低分子肝素联合阿司匹林治疗。对比两组患者的子宫动脉阻力指数、激素水平及凝血功能。结果治疗后,研究组左、右侧子宫动脉阻力指数分别为(0.52±0.11)、(0.46±0.12),均低于对照组的(0.72±0.13)、(0.72±0.16)(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组各项激素指标水平及凝血功能指标水平均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论低分子肝素联合阿司匹林可改善复发性流产患者的子宫动脉血流阻力,调节其激素水平,改善其凝血功能,具有保胎作用,值得推广应用。

早产儿桡动脉有创血压与无创血压测量结果比较

目的:探讨早产儿桡动脉有创动脉血压(IBP)和无创血压(NIBP)测量结果的一致性和差异性。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,选取2020年12月—2021年12月中山大学附属第一医院新生儿科行IBP测量的93例危重早产儿为研究对象,记录患儿的IBP和NIBP收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压,分析IBP和NIBP相关性、一致性,并根据体重和胎龄进行亚组分析。结果:收集93例患儿的IBP和NIBP共1771对,排除无效血压,最终纳入IBP和NIBP为1455对。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,IBP收缩压和NIBP收缩压(r=0.754,P<0.001)、IBP舒张压和NIBP舒张压(r=0.747,P<0.001)、IBP平均动脉压和NIBP平均动脉压(r=0.791,P<0.001)均呈正相关。IBP收缩压和NIBP收缩压差值为(7.20±5.59)mmHg,95%一致性界限为-3.75~18.16 mmHg;IBP舒张压和NIBP舒张压差值为(0.09±4.34)mmHg,95%一致性界限为-8.41~8.60 mmHg;IBP平均动脉压和NIBP平均动脉压差值为(1.03±4.27)mmHg,95%一致性界限为-7.34~9.39 mmHg。体重>2.0 kg的患儿IBP收缩压和NIBP收缩压偏倚均值、IBP舒张压和NIBP舒张压偏倚均值、IBP平均动脉压和NIBP平均动脉压偏倚均值均小于体重≤1.0 kg的患儿和体重>1.0~2.0 kg的患儿。胎龄>32~<37周的患儿IBP收缩压和NIBP收缩压偏倚均值、IBP舒张压和NIBP舒张压偏倚均值、IBP平均动脉压和NIBP平均动脉压偏倚均值小于胎龄≤28周的患儿和胎龄>28~32周的患儿。结论:早产儿桡动脉IBP和NIBP呈正相关,且IBP和NIBP间具有良好的一致性。NIBP可用于血流动力学稳定的早产儿,血流动力学不稳定且需要使用血管活性药物的婴儿建议进行IBP测量。

正常孕妇妊娠期增重和糖脂代谢与巨大儿发生风险的关系

目的:分析妊娠期体质量和糖脂水平在分娩巨大儿的无妊娠合并症/并发症、非肥胖、非高龄的正常孕妇中的变化特点,探讨其对巨大儿发生风险的影响。方法:选取2020年9—12月在上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院定期产检的正常孕妇,根据是否分娩巨大儿分为巨大儿组(104例)和对照组(258例),比较2组基本情况和妊娠期糖脂水平,并采用Logistic回归分析正常孕妇分娩巨大儿的影响因素。结果:相较于正常对照组,巨大儿组妊娠期空腹血糖、妊娠早晚期三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)水平更高,妊娠早晚期高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)水平更低,且巨大儿组妊娠期TG变化差值更大、HDL变化差值更小(均P<0.05)。与妊娠期增重适宜的正常孕妇相比,增重过多的正常孕妇分娩巨大儿的风险升高142%(OR=2.42,95%CI:1.34~4.39),增重不足的正常孕妇分娩巨大儿的风险降低73%(OR=0.27,95%CI:0.10~0.77);妊娠晚期HDL每升高1 mmol/L,分娩巨大儿风险下降79%(OR=0.21,95%CI:0.08~0.57)。结论:正常孕妇群体仍需严格控制妊娠期体质量以降低巨大儿的发生风险,并且仍需关注血脂代谢,其中妊娠晚期HDL的水平及变化情况或可辅助筛查隐匿性巨大儿。

基于超声血流参数评估晚发型胎儿宫内生长受限的研究

目的分析超声血流参数对晚发型胎儿宫内生长受限(FGR)的预测价值。方法选取2020年6月至2022年6月青海大学附属医院收治的82例晚发型FGR孕产妇作为研究对象。根据新生儿妊娠结局分为结局良好组(51例)与结局不良组(31例)。另选取同期在青海大学附属医院产检且胎儿生长正常的32例孕产妇作为对照组。比较3组基线资料及分娩前最后1次超声的大脑中动脉搏动指数(MCA-PI)、脐动脉搏动指数(UA-PI)、脑-胎盘血流比(CPR)、心血管整体评分(CVPS)、Hadlock胎儿体质量估测(EFW),绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估上述超声血流参数对晚发型FGR孕产妇不良妊娠结局的预测价值。结果结局不良组新生儿出生体质量均低于结局良好组及对照组,且结局良好组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结局不良组分娩孕周短于对照组和结局良好组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结局不良组MCA-PI、CPR、CVPS、EFW均低于结局良好组及对照组,且结局良好组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结局不良组UA-PI高于结局良好组及对照组,且结局良好组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,MCA-PI、UA-PI、CPR、CVPS、EFW单独预测晚发型FGR孕产妇不良妊娠结局的曲线下面积分别为0.667、0.792、0.762、0.820、0.917。结论超声血流参数MCA-PI、UA-PI、CPR、CVPS、EFW均对晚发型FGR孕产妇不良妊娠结局有一定预测价值,其中CVPS及EFW预测价值较高,可为临床治疗及判断分娩时机提供重要依据。

子宫动脉血流联合脑胎盘率预测胎儿生长受限的价值研究

目的分析子宫动脉血流与脑胎盘率(cerebral placental rate,CPR)对胎儿生长受限(fetal growth restriction,FGR)诊断的应用价值。方法选取2021年1月至2022年6月于江西省妇幼保健院建卡并住院分娩的临床诊断为晚发型FGR的114例孕妇纳入研究组,122名胎儿宫内发育正常的孕妇为对照组。超声测定两组孕妇的子宫动脉(uterine artery,UtA)、脐动脉(umbilical artery,UA)与大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA)的血流参数,计算两组孕妇的CPR,比较两组孕妇的血流差异与妊娠结局,采用受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)分析UtA及CPR单独及联合应用在FGR临床诊断中的应用价值。结果研究组孕妇UtA的阻力指数(resistance index,RI)高于对照组,胎儿UA的血流参数较对照组偏高,MCA的血流参数较对照组低,CPR值较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组新生儿出生体质量与1min Apgar评分较对照组低(P<0.001);研究组的急诊剖宫产手术率、早产及因各种并发症导致的新生儿转入新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)的发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示在预测FGR方面,UtA-RI的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.82(95%CI:0.77~0.88),CPR的预测效率AUC为0.75(95%CI:0.69~0.81)。UtA-RI和CPR参数组合在预测FGR方面具有较高的效率,AUC为0.92(95%CI:0.89~0.95)。结论CPR联合UtA-RI监测对临床早期发现FGR、指导干预、改善不良围生儿结局具有临床应用价值。

葛根素对妊娠期糖尿病大鼠母体和胎儿的影响

目的观察口服葛根素(puerarin,Pue)对妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetic mellitus,GDM)大鼠母体的药效及对其胎儿生长发育的影响,为Pue用于治疗GDM提供参考。方法给已孕母鼠尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素建立GDM大鼠模型,灌胃Pue治疗12 d,记录孕鼠体质量及流产情况,检测孕鼠给药治疗前后的空腹血糖,并分别于给药后的第5天和第10天检测母鼠糖耐量;母鼠怀孕第20天行剖腹产,检测胎鼠血糖含量,并观察胎鼠生长发育情况。测定胎鼠体质量、体长、尾长及胎盘和重要脏器的重量,计算脏器指数。结果与模型组相比,Pue可显著降低GDM孕鼠及胎鼠的空腹血糖,改善孕鼠糖耐量,有效缓解GDM导致的孕鼠体质量过度增加和胎鼠体质量过大的状况,降低流产率;并可逆转GDM引起的胎鼠脑、心、肝等脏器指数下降和肾脏脏器指数升高。结论口服Pue可缓解GDM母体及胎儿的高血糖状态,降低流产率,减少巨大儿的发生,促进胎儿重要脏器的发育。

应用动脉自旋标记成像技术探讨胎儿窘迫对极早产儿脑血流灌注的影响

目的应用动脉自旋标记(arterial spin labeling,ASL)成像技术评估存在胎儿窘迫的极早产儿出生后脑血流灌注情况。方法采用前瞻性队列研究方法,选取2021年8月至2023年4月于郑州大学第三附属医院新生儿科住院治疗的53例极早产儿作为研究对象,根据是否存在胎儿窘迫分为窘迫组(n=22)和非窘迫组(n=31),分析两组患儿脑组织不同感兴趣区域脑血流差异,通过多元线性回归分析探讨胎儿窘迫与脑血流变化的相关性。统计学方法采用t检验或校正t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果窘迫组的单胎比例高于非窘迫组[81.8%(18/22)与54.8%(17/31),χ^(2)=4.176,P<0.05]。两组极早产儿在双侧额叶[左侧:23.9(21.7,28.0)ml/(100 g·min)与21.5(18.2,23.8)ml/(100 g·min),t=-2.826;右侧:(24.5±0.9)ml/(100 g·min)与(21.2±0.8)ml/(100 g·min),t=2.773]、双侧颞叶[左侧:(22.8±0.9)ml/(100 g·min)与(19.8±0.6)ml/(100 g·min),t=2.834;右侧:(23.2±0.9)ml/(100 g·min)与(20.8±0.7)ml/(100 g·min),t=2.108]、双侧顶叶[左侧:(24.0±1.1)ml/(100 g·min)与(19.4±0.8)ml/(100 g·min),t=3.377;右侧:25.6(18.9,28.1)ml/(100 g·min)与19.6(16.3,22.5)ml/(100 g·min),t=-2.311]、双侧枕叶[左侧:(25.7±1.4)ml/(100 g·min)与(21.2±0.9)ml/(100 g·min),t=2.796;右侧:(26.3±1.6)ml/(100 g·min)与(21.7±1.0)ml/(100 g·min),t=2.583]、双侧基底节[左侧:(35.4±1.5)ml/(100 g·min)与(29.0±0.8)ml/(100 g·min),t'=3.872;右侧:(34.9±1.4)ml/(100 g·min)与(29.3±1.0)ml/(100 g·min),t=3.457]、双侧丘脑[左侧:(40.0±2.0)ml/(100 g·min)与(35.0±1.3)ml/(100 g·min),t=2.157;右侧:(40.5±1.7)ml/(100 g·min)与(35.1±1.1)ml/(100 g·min),t=2.783]的脑血流量(cerebral blood flow,CBF)的比较中,窘迫组高于非窘迫组(P值均<0.05)。采用多元线性回归模型控制混杂因素(单胎、出生体质量、出生胎龄、纠正胎龄、性别、ASL成像技术检查时最近一次红细胞压积、辅助通气时间、前置胎盘、胎盘早剥、脐带异常、羊水污染、妊娠期高血压疾病及糖尿病、急性绒毛膜羊膜炎)后,胎儿窘迫与双侧颞叶(左侧,95%CI:0.208~4.941;右侧,95%CI:0.047~4.636)、左顶叶(95%CI:0.896~6.466)、双侧基底节(左侧,95%CI:2.230~8.983,右侧,95%CI:1.503~8.912)的CBF仍相关(P值均<0.05)。结论利用ASL成像技术对极早产儿出生后大脑各感兴趣区的CBF进行定量测量,发现胎儿窘迫可使极早产儿双侧颞叶皮质、左顶叶双侧基底节血流灌注升高,可能导致极早产儿脑损伤风险增加。

胎儿大脑中动脉、脐动脉血流指标水平与脐血血气分析结果的相关性分析

目的 分析胎儿大脑中动脉、脐动脉血流指标水平与脐血血气分析结果的相关性。方法 选取90例孕产妇,根据是否出现胎儿窘迫分为对照组(未发生胎儿窘迫,74例)和观察组(发生胎儿窘迫,16例)。于孕产妇孕晚期实施常规超声检查,并在新生儿出生后进行脐血血气分析检测。比较两组胎儿大脑中动脉及脐动脉血流指标[舒张期血流速度(VD)、收缩期血流速度(VS)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI)及收缩期峰值血流速度与舒张末期血流速度之比(S/D)]水平,胎儿脐血血气指标[二氧化碳分压(PCO_(2))、氧分压(PO_(2))、碱剩余(BE)、p H值]水平;分析胎儿大脑中动脉及脐动脉血流指标水平与脐血血气指标水平相关性。结果 对照组大脑中动脉VD、VS、PI、RI及S/D分别为(20.17±2.01)cm/s、(68.31±2.39)cm/s、(1.48±0.28)、(0.74±0.18)、(4.45±0.74),脐动脉VD、VS、PI、RI及S/D分别为(16.64±4.25)cm/s、(61.02±4.21)cm/s、(0.74±0.21)、(0.59±0.10)、(3.24±0.72);观察组大脑中动脉VD、VS、PI、RI及S/D分别为(15.04±2.03)cm/s、(66.25±2.37)cm/s、(1.25±0.31)、(0.55±0.14)、(3.22±0.85),脐动脉VD、VS、PI、RI及S/D分别为(12.25±3.89)cm/s、(57.26±4.30)cm/s、(1.02±0.20)、(0.75±0.14)、(2.25±0.64)。与对照组相比,观察组胎儿大脑中动脉VD、VS、PI、RI及S/D更低,脐动脉VD、VS、S/D更低,脐动脉PI、RI更高(P<0.05)。观察组胎儿p H(7.15±0.03)、PO_(2)(23.24±4.29)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)及BE(-7.24±1.41)mmol/L低于对照组的(7.26±0.02)、(28.11±4.36)mm Hg、(-6.01±1.45)mmol/L,PCO_(2)(61.33±2.37)mm Hg高于对照组的(45.35±2.31)mm Hg(P<0.05)。胎儿大脑中动脉VD、VS、PI、RI、SD与脐血p H、PO_(2)、BE呈正相关,与脐血PCO_(2)呈负相关(P<0.05)。胎儿脐动脉VD、VS、SD与p H、PO_(2)、BE呈正相关,与PCO_(2)呈负相关(P<0.05),脐动脉血PI、RI与p H、PO_(2)、BE呈负相关,与PCO_(2)呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 胎儿大脑中动脉、脐动脉血流指标水平与脐血血气分析结果存在相关性,明确动脉血流指标水平以及脐血血气分析结果可为临床评估胎儿窘迫提供指导。

超声下脐血流参数联合血清ACTA、MDA、SOD诊断妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者胎儿窘迫的价值

目的探讨超声下脐血流参数联合血清激活素A(ACTA)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)用于妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)患者胎儿窘迫(FD)诊断的价值。方法将鸡西鸡矿医院2020年10月—2022年10月收治的106例ICP孕妇纳入研究,按照分娩结局将其分为FD组(45例)与非FD组(61例)。两组均于分娩前进行超声及血清学检查,比较两组收缩末期最大血流速度(S)/舒张末期最大血流速度(D)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)、ACTA、MDA、SOD水平;通过ROC曲线分析S/D、RI、ACTA、MDA、SOD诊断ICP患者发生FD的价值;以一致性分析S/D、RI联合ACTA、MDA、SOD诊断ICP患者发生FD的价值。结果FD组PI水平[(0.56±0.14)]与非FD组PI水平[(0.60±0.13)]组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);FD组S/D、RI、ACTA、MDA水平[(3.08±0.53)、(0.66±0.14)、(0.46±0.14)pg/L、(4.27±0.62)μmol/L]明显高于非FD组[(2.57±0.61)、(0.45±0.11)、(0.32±0.10)pg/L、(3.38±0.57)μmol/L],FD组SOD水平[(33.96±3.87)kU/L]明显低于非FD组[(44.75±4.61)kU/L](P<0.05)。ROC分析显示S/D、RI、ACTA、MDA、SOD能够诊断ICP患者发生FD,曲线下面积为0.730、0.800、0.784、0.837、0.884,均有P<0.05,最佳截断值为2.635、0.505、0.395 pg/L、3.850μmol/L、39.480 kU/L,敏感度为0.884、0.800、0.711、0.733、0.778。经一致性分析,S/D、RI联合ACTA、MDA、SOD诊断ICP患者发生FD的灵敏度为0.911,特异度为0.967,准确率为0.943,Kappa=0.883。结论脐血流S/D、RI及ACTA、MDA、SOD均可用于ICP患者FD的诊断,且联合诊断的价值更高。