Mechanical properties of fiber and cement reinforced heavy metal-contaminated soils as roadbed filling

The treatment of contaminated soil is a crucial issue in geotechnical and environmental engineering.This study proposes to incorporate appropriate polypropylene fibers and cements as an effective method to treat heavy metal contaminated soil(HMCS).The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of fiber content,fiber length,cement content,curing time,heavy metal types and concentration on the mechanical properties of soils.To this end,a series of direct shear test,unconfined compression strength(UCS)test,dry-wet cycle and freeze-thaw cycle test are performed.The results confirm that the appropriate reinforcement of polypropylene fibers and cement is an effective way to recycle HMCS as substitutable fillers in roadbed,which exhibits benefits in environment and economy development.

Manufacturing of Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber Reinforced Tape and the Loss of Strength

Due to the low density and excellent mechanical proper-ties,high performance fiber reinforced materials have aconsiderable application in the area of high technologyand dally usage.In this paper,the Ultra-high Molecu-lar Weight Polyethylene(UHMWPE)fiber reinforcedPE tape prepared with the method of powder impregnat-ion was studied.The effect of impregnate length and thetensile force of the yarn on the fiber content as well as on the strength and modulus of the tape were discussed.Calculation shows that the strength and the modulus ofthe ULMWPE fiber can keep about 85％ after it undergothe process.

Effects of characteristic inhomogeneity of bamboo culm nodes on mechanical properties of bamboo fiber reinforced composite

Dendrocalamus farinosus and Phyllostachys heterocycla bamboo logs were subjected to a novel treat- ment process for the preparation of bamboo fiber mats （BFMs）, and the obtained BFM were used to fabricate bamboo fiber reinforced composite （BFRC）. We studied the mechanical properties of the BFRCs manufactured from the mats with and without bamboo nodes. The pres- ence of nodes in BFM greatly reduced tensile strength, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture of the BFRCs, while the BFRCs fabricated from BFMs with nodes possessed higher horizontal shear strength. Therefore, the nodes in bamboo culms were an important factor in the uniform distribution of mechanical properties, and BFMs should be homogeneously arranged to reduce the impact of nodes on the mechanical strengths of BFRCs.

Behavior of ring footing resting on reinforced sand subjected to eccentric-inclined loading

Ring footings are suitable for the structures like tall transmission towers, chimneys, silos and oil storages.These types of structures are susceptible to horizontal loads(wind load) in addition to their dead weight.In the literature, very little or no effort has been made to study the effect of ring footing resting on reinforced sand when subjected to eccentric, inclined and/or eccentric-inclined loadings. This paper aims to study the behavior of ring footing resting on loose sand and/or compacted randomly distributed fiberreinforced sand(RDFS) when subjected to eccentric(0 B, 0.05 B and 0.1 B, where B is the outer diameter of ring footing), inclined(0°,5°,10°, 15°,-5°,-10° and-15°)and eccentric-inclined loadings by using a finite element(FE) software PLAXIS 3 D. The behavior of ring footing is studied by using a dimensionless factor called reduction factor(RF). The numerical model used in the PLAXIS 3 D has been validated by conducting model plate load tests. Moreover, an empirical expression using regression analysis has been presented which will be helpful in plotting a load-settlement curve for the ring footing.

Compressive and tensile strength of polymer-based fiber composite sand

Traditional soil additives like Portland cement and lime are prone to cause the brittle fracture behavior of soil,and possibly,environmental impacts.This study explores the potential use of polyurethane organic polymer and sisal fiber in improving the mechanical performance of sand.The effects of polymer content,fiber content,and dry density on the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)and direct tensile strength(DTS)of the polymer-fiber-sand composite were evaluated.The results showed significant increase in UCS and DTS of the reinforced sand with the increase of polymer content,fiber content,and dry density.At high dry density condition,a single peaked stress−strain curve is often observed.Higher polymer content is beneficial to increasing the peak stress,while higher fiber content contributes more to the post-peak stress.The combined use of polymers and fibers in soil reinforcement effectively prevents the propagation and development of cracks under the stress.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)test was also performed to investigate the micro-structural changes and inter-particle relations.It was found through SEM images that the surface coating,bonding,and filling effects conferred by polymer matrix greatly enhance the interfacial interactions,and hence provide a cohesive environment where the strength of fibers could be readily mobilized.

Effect of natural and synthetic fibers reinforcement on California bearing ratio and tensile strength of clay

Use of environmentally friendly approaches with the purpose of strengthening soil layers along with finding correlations between the mechanical characteristics of fiber-reinforced soils such as indirect tensile strength(ITS)and California bearing ratio(CBR)and as well as the evaluation of shear strength parameters obtained from the triaxial test would be very effective at geotechnical construction sites.This research was aimed at investigating the influence of natural fibers as sustainable ones including basalt(BS)and bagasse(BG)as well as synthetic polyester(PET)fibers on the strength behavior of clayey soil.To this end,the effects of various fiber contents(0.5%,1%and 2%)and lengths(2.5 mm,5 mm and 7.5 mm)were experimentally evaluated.By conducting ITS and CBR tests,it was found that increasing fiber content and length had a significant influence on CBR and ITS values.Moreover,2%of 7.5 mm-long fibers led to the largest values of CBR and ITS.The CBR values of soil reinforced with PET,BS,and BG fibers were determined as 19.17%,15.43%and 13.16%,respectively.The ITS values of specimens reinforced with PET,BS,and BG fibers were reported as 48.57 kPa,60.7 kPa and 47.48 kPa,respectively.The results of the triaxial compression test revealed that with the addition of BS fibers,the internal friction angle increased by about 100%,and with the addition of PET fibers,the cohesion increased by about 70%.Moreover,scanning electron microscope(SEM)analysis was employed to confirm the findings.The relationship between CBR and ITS values,obtained via statistical analysis and used for the optimum design of road pavement layers,demonstrated that these parameters had high correlation coefficients.The outcomes of multiple linear regression and sensitivity analysis also confirmed that the fiber content had a greater effect on CBR and ITS values than fiber length.

干湿循环作用下剑麻纤维加筋膨胀土的抗裂作用及影响因素

为研究干湿循环作用下纤维加筋膨胀土的抗裂效果,分别开展了素土和剑麻纤维加筋膨胀土的干湿循环试验,并采用图像处理技术提取试样表面裂隙参数,分析了剑麻纤维含量及长度、干湿循环次数、试样含水率对裂隙发育的影响.结果表明:1)剑麻纤维加筋膨胀土具有较好的抗裂性能,且剑麻纤维的掺入对膨胀土的裂隙率和裂隙平均宽度影响较大,相较于素土试样,最优加筋土试样的裂隙率和裂隙平均宽度均比素土试样减小了约1/2.2)纤维长度相同时,随着纤维含量的增大,裂隙率、裂隙总长度、裂隙平均宽度和分形维数均呈先减小后增大的趋势,且纤维含量为0.4%时各参数值最小;纤维含量相同时,纤维长度对各裂隙参数影响不大.3)随着干湿循环次数的增加,加筋土和素土试样裂隙参数均呈逐渐增大趋势,但纤维加筋土裂隙率和裂隙平均宽度的增大幅度均比素土小;从第5次干湿循环开始,各裂隙参数增长趋缓.4)单次脱湿过程中,试样含水率由20%降至10%时,裂隙急剧发育,且素土裂隙的发育对含水率的变化更加敏感,含水率低于10%时,随着含水率的减小,试样裂隙率变小并趋于稳定;相同含水率条件下,剑麻纤维加筋土具有更好的抗裂性能.5)剑麻纤维加筋膨胀土的抗裂机理主要表现在两方面,一方面是剑麻纤维的掺入增大了膨胀土的渗透系数,促进了试样内水分的均匀分布,减小了试样各处的胀缩差异;另一方面纵横交错的剑麻纤维约束了聚集体之间大孔隙的收缩.

Influence of Some Plant Fibers on the Mechanical Performance of Composite Materials

This work focused on the search for biobased materials capable of being used in road techniques as soil inclusions, and on studying the influence of their incorporation on the characteristic parameters of pavement layers. To this end, pineapple, cyperus and imperata plant fibers, due to their endemic availability, were used as reinforcement on sourced materials, notably bar soil, lateritic gravel and silty sand. Complete identification and mechanical tests (Proctor and CBR) were carried out on materials in their natural state (soil) and on composite materials (soil + plant fibers) in the laboratory to determine their classification in road geotechnics, their compaction parameters and their mechanical behavior. Firstly, the various types of 2.5 cm long fibers were incorporated into the different types of soil at mass contents of 1% and 2%. This part of the study showed that the pineapple fiber composite incorporated into class A2 bar soil offered the best results, with a 38% gain in CBR index compared with the natural soil. Pineapple fibers incorporated at 1% in lateritic gravel raise the CBR value of the reinforced soil to 10% of the CBR value of the natural soil and to 7% for silty sand.

纤维加筋膨胀土的蠕变规律及模型预测

膨胀土是具有流变性质的灾害性土,其蠕变行为直接影响到工程结构的稳定性和安全性。为探究剑麻纤维加筋膨胀土的蠕变特性及应力-应变数学模型,采用室内固结排水三轴蠕变试验,分别进行了不同含水率、不同围压和不同偏应力条件下素膨胀土和剑麻纤维加筋膨胀土的蠕变特性研究,根据蠕变特征曲线提出了基于Mesri蠕变经验模型的剑麻纤维加筋膨胀土的修正蠕变模型。结果表明:相同条件下,剑麻纤维加筋土的蠕变变形量明显小于素土的蠕变变形量,说明掺入剑麻纤维可有效提高膨胀土的结构性能和抗变形能力;素土和剑麻纤维加筋土的蠕变变形量随含水率增大而增大,而随围压的增大呈减小趋势;素土和剑麻纤维加筋土在受到偏应力时均会产生瞬时应变量和蠕变变形量,其蠕变变形量随偏应力的增大而增大;素土和加筋土的蠕变曲线分4个阶段,分别为弹性变形阶段、稳态蠕变阶段、衰减蠕变阶段和加速蠕变阶段;高偏应力下,基于传统Mesri蠕变经验模型的剑麻纤维加筋土蠕变预测误差高达37.95%,对Mesri蠕变经验模型进行修正后预测误差降至1.5%内,说明修正模型能较好地描述剑麻纤维加筋土的蠕变特性。此研究结果可为膨胀土工程提供理论参考。

冻融损伤过程中纤维加筋土的抗压性能与裂隙演化

冻融损伤土的微观结构,土中产生微裂隙,宏观上表现为土的力学性能下降。文章完成了石灰固化土和纤维与石灰加筋固化土的冻融试验、无侧限抗压强度试验、CT扫描试验,分析冻融损伤过程中石灰固化土和纤维与石灰加筋固化土的抗压性能与裂隙演化特征,评价纤维对提高土的抗冻融性能的积极作用。结果表明:石灰固化土、纤维与石灰加筋固化土的抗压强度与破坏应变均随冻融次数的增加呈阶段性下降,即降幅较大阶段、降幅较小阶段和强度基本稳定阶段,纤维加筋显著提高了土的抗变形性能;土的压实度越大,纤维加筋提高土的力学性能就越明显;冻融过程中,裂隙主要分布在试样的表面、上部和下部,面裂隙率随扫描层数的增加呈先减小后增大的变化规律;纤维与石灰加筋固化土的体裂隙率、裂隙长度均值、裂隙宽度均值均小于石灰固化土,纤维加筋延缓了裂隙的形成、发展与连通。纤维与石灰加筋固化土的抗压性能与抗冻融性能显著优于石灰固化土,纤维加筋减弱了冻融土的微观结构损伤程度。

聚丙烯纤维加固膨胀土边坡稳定性分析

为提高膨胀土边坡稳定性,改善膨胀土力学性能,使用聚丙烯纤维对膨胀土进行改性。通过直剪试验计算出不同围压、不同聚丙烯纤维掺量改性膨胀土边坡的抗剪强度变化规律,并应用Geostudio软件中的极限平衡法对不同聚丙烯纤维掺量的膨胀土边坡进行分析。研究发现,聚丙烯纤维含量在一定范围内可有效提高膨胀土边坡抗剪强度,掺量0.14%的纤维土在直剪试验中表现出较好的抗剪性能,Geostudio极限平衡法分析结果显示,0.14%纤维土边坡稳定系数为2.431,较素膨胀土边坡稳定性系数提高0.591。建议采用掺量0.14%的纤维土加固膨胀土边坡。

聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土边坡防护原位测试及改进策略

为了给加筋黄土边坡防护技术的大面积推广提供理论依据和参考,对聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土防护边坡的土壤含水率及边坡形态进行了持续6个月的原位测试,结果表明:聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土具有良好的边坡防护效果,加筋黄土防护边坡土壤含水率总体趋于稳定,不同土层土壤含水率平均变异系数比原状边坡降低10.89%,这得益于加筋黄土防护层形态总体维持完整,能够长期抵抗降雨、干湿循环、冻融循环等不利外部环境的持续影响;然而,聚丙烯纤维加筋黄土防护边坡上植被生长缓慢,且防护层与原状土体易分异脱离。提出了对加筋黄土进行保水改良、采用快速植生的多功能层设计和可操作性强的材料物理防脱技术等加筋黄土防护边坡的改进策略。

椰丝纤维长度对土体抗剪强度和抗压强度的影响

【目的】探究在客土喷播基材中添加不同长度纤维材料对土体抗剪强度和抗压强度的影响。【方法】采用控制变量的试验方法,以不同长度(1、2、3、4、5 cm)的椰丝纤维和砂土为试验材料,按0.4%(w/w)的质量比混合后进行了室内三轴试验和无侧限抗压试验。【结果】(1)各长度纤维加筋土在各围压下的主应力差峰值强度和抗压强度峰值都大于无纤维加筋的素土;(2)随着纤维长度的增加,主应力差峰值强度、内聚力、内摩擦角和加筋效果系数都呈现出先增加后减少的趋势,且在长度为3~4 cm时,强度达到峰值;(3)随着纤维长度的增加,抗压强度峰值,主应力差强度峰值及破坏后的残余强度都得到明显提升,应力-应变曲线逐渐由应变软化型过渡为应变硬化型。【结论】掺量为0.4%、长度为3~4 cm的椰丝纤维可以有效提升土体的抗剪强度和抗压强度。

棕榈纤维加筋黏土的强度试验与本构模型

棕榈树在我国南方广泛种植,剥皮所得棕榈纤维具有一定的抗拉强度和较好的耐久性,近年来利用棕榈纤维加筋黏土在岩土工程中逐渐得到应用。为了研究棕榈纤维加筋黏土单轴应力状态下的力学性能、破坏形式及本构关系,选取长度分别为6、12、18 mm的棕榈纤维,按照纤维含量分别为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%掺入黏土中,开展棕榈纤维加筋黏土的无侧限抗压强度试验。结果表明:黏土中掺加棕榈纤维后强度增加明显,在12 mm的筋材长度和0.8%的纤维含量组合下加筋效果最优,与素土相比,加筋后强度提高27%;加筋后的黏土破坏韧性好,残余强度高,并且破坏的过程比较缓慢,其原因为纤维在土体中形成了三维土网结构,限制了土颗粒的滑移,增强土体整体性,从而使得土体具有较好的延性;引入混凝土单轴受压应力-应变模型,分析棕榈纤维加筋黏土的无侧限抗压强度试验,将试验数据与模型曲线进行拟合,发现模型结果与试验结果具有良好的一致性。研究成果对棕榈纤维加筋土在岩土工程中的应用具有重要借鉴作用。

纤维掺量对花岗岩残积土剪切特性的影响

为探究纤维掺量对花岗岩残积土的剪切特性的影响,采用气动直剪仪对纤维加筋花岗岩残积土试样进行直剪试验。考虑纤维掺量、剪切速率、竖向应力等因素,分析不同剪切速率和竖向应力下纤维掺量对花岗岩残积土剪切特性的影响。试验结果表明:竖向应力为300 kPa时,与未掺纤维相比,纤维掺量分别为0.3%、0.6%、0.9%时,剪切强度分别增加了23%、46.1%、79.2%,即掺加纤维对花岗岩残积土剪切强度有明显的增强作用。内摩擦角随着纤维掺量的增加而增大,黏聚力随着纤维掺量的增加而增加。低竖向应力下,土样先剪缩再剪胀;高竖向应力下,土样只发生剪缩。在低速剪切的情况下,剪切速率对花岗岩残积土的剪切强度特性影响较小;剪胀程度随剪切速率增加而增强。

纤维增强HDPE材料的研究及在黑土地保护中的应用

本研究着眼于常规的HDPE材料,以两种不同的技术路线,采用无机纤维和有机纤维为增强材料,通过分子结构设计,制备高性能纤维增强HDPE材料,结合国际前沿探索出预浸料的制备工艺,通过对材料性能的提升,改善和优化现有工程结构形式,为材料在黑土地保护中的应用验证提供理论与技术支持。

聚丙烯纤维加筋和石灰改良昔格达土工程性质试验

为探讨聚丙烯纤维加筋和石灰共同改良攀西地区昔格达土的工程性质,在昔格达土中掺入不同含量长度为2.5 cm的聚丙烯纤维,制备不同聚丙烯纤维掺量石灰改良土样,然后进行有荷膨胀试验、无侧限抗压试验和直接剪切试验。结果表明:聚丙烯纤维加筋不仅可减小石灰土的膨胀性,还可以改善昔格达土的抗压、抗剪和变形等力学特性;直剪试验表明,聚丙烯纤维加筋石灰土颗粒与聚丙烯纤维之间的摩擦力增大,使土样的黏聚力明显增大。结论:聚丙烯纤维加筋能有效改善石灰昔格达土的工程性质,当掺入0.3%的聚丙烯纤维时石灰昔格达土的聚丙烯纤维加筋效果最佳。

纤维掺量对水泥改良风积沙强度及孔径分布的影响

为了研究纤维掺量对水泥改良风积沙无侧限抗压强度和孔径分布的影响,进行聚丙烯纤维水泥改良风积沙的无侧限抗压强度试验和核磁共振试验。纤维掺量为0,6‰,8‰和10‰,水泥掺量为4%和5%,试样标准养护龄期为7 d。试验结果表明,纤维水泥改良风积沙的T2谱曲线存在3个峰值,最可几孔径和孔隙率随着纤维掺量的增大而减小,纤维掺量大于8‰,结果则相反。适量纤维加筋水泥改良风积沙,可以减小水泥改良风积沙内部孔隙,小孔和中孔增多,大孔减少。未掺纤维的水泥改良风积沙的应力-应变曲线呈应变软化型,而纤维水泥改良风积沙的应力-应变曲线随着纤维掺量的增大逐渐趋向于应变硬化型。纤维水泥改良风积沙的应力-应变曲线大致分为孔隙压实、弹性变形、弹塑性变形和应力衰减等4个阶段。随着纤维掺量增大,应力-应变曲线整体右移,延性增强,无侧限抗压强度、峰值应变和能量吸收能力随着纤维掺量的增大而增大,超过最优纤维掺量8‰,规律则相反。水泥掺量4%,纤维掺量8‰的水泥改良风积沙的无侧限抗压强度、峰值应变、能量吸收能力分别为水泥改良风积沙的1.31倍、2.04倍和1.37倍。纤维水泥改良风积沙的孔隙率与无侧限抗压强度呈幂函数关系。研究成果可为纤维水泥改良风积沙填料的应用提供参考。

有机聚合物复合纤维改良砂土无侧限抗压强度研究

为研究有机聚合物复合纤维改良砂土的抗压特性、变形规律与改良机理,通过无侧限抗压强度试验和数值模拟分析了改良砂土抗压变形过程的力链变化与微裂纹发育规律,给出了改良砂土的破坏与改良机理。结果表明:有机聚合物复合纤维能够有效提升砂土的抗压强度,随着有机聚合物含量的增大,改良砂土的无侧限抗压强度逐渐提高;随着有机聚合物含量与应变增大,改良砂土的力链演化与微裂纹发育明显改变,力链由环状和柱状结构转变为拱状结构,微裂纹总数量及张拉微裂纹增多,破坏由单一路径向多路径转变。有机聚合物复合纤维黏结、包裹砂粒以及三者相互耦合胶结有效提升了砂土的抗压特性;当荷载过大时,有机聚合物膜发生破裂,纤维逐渐断裂与滑脱,改良砂土网状结构逐渐失稳,砂粒被迫发生位移与旋转,形成局部微裂纹,最终发育、延伸形成裂隙造成破坏。

纤维掺量对椰丝纤维加筋土强度特性影响试验研究

为改善边坡浅层土体抗剪强度不足的问题,对椰丝纤维开展不同围压下的不固结不排水三轴试验,研究纤维掺量对椰丝纤维加筋土抗剪强度的影响及其加筋机理。结果表明:(1)椰丝纤维可以显著提高土体的强度和抵抗变形的能力。(2)主应力差呈现随纤维掺量的增长先增高后降低的趋势,纤维掺量为0.55%时主应力差最高。(3)围压对主应力差影响显著,相同条件下,围压越高,加筋效果越差。(4)纤维掺量对黏聚力影响显著,随纤维掺量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势,平均提升幅度为139.8%;对内摩擦角影响不大,在4.3°以内变化。