Effects of the Facet Reflectivity of a Laser Diode on Fiber Bragg Grating Semiconductor Lasers

Effects of facet reflectivity of a laser diode on the performance of fiber Bragg grating semiconductor lasers are studied experimentally. Facet reflectivity of less than 10-4 is necessary to obtain stable oscillation wavelength.

Optical Properties of High Sensitivity Fiber Bragg Grating on Temperature Sensor

In this paper, the spectrum shift properties of the center reflection wavelength detected to be based on the FBG sensor with ambient temperature change. The basic theoretical methods and numerical simulation for the spectral properties of uniform Bragg grating is analyzed by using coupling mode theory which is optical properties of high sensitivity fiber Bragg grating on temperature sensor in accordance with experiment.

Study on Multiplexing Ability of Identical Fiber Bragg Gratings in a Single Fiber

The multiplexing ability of a novel multiplexing fiber Bragg grating （FBG） method based on Optical Time Domain Reflecto meter （OTDR） and Time Division Multiplexing TDM technologies has been theoretically analyzed and studied. This method permits the interrogation of hundreds of identical FBGs with low reflectivity in a single fiber, making the FBG sensors more applicable in the aerospace health monitoring engineering. The analysis shows that the multiplexing ability can be greatly improved if the FBG reflectivity is sufficiently low. And hence, an inexpensive large-scale distributed sensing system based on this method can be realized, When evaluating the multiplexing ability of this system, we propose for the first time that the interference effect of multi-reflections among FBGs should be taken into consideration.

Spectra Power and Bandwidth of Fiber Bragg Grating Under Influence of Gradient Strain

The reflective spectrum power and the bandwidth of the fiber Bragg grating （FBG） under gradient strain are researched and experimentally demonstrated. The gradient strain is applied on the FBG, which can induce FBG bandwidth broadening, resulting in the variation of reflective power. Based on the coupled-mode theory and transfer matrix method, the segmental linear relationship between the gradient strain, the reflective power, and the bandwidth is simulated and analyzed, and the influence of the FBG length on the reflective spectrum is analyzed. In the experiment, the strict gradient stain device is designed; the experimental results indicate that the reflective optic power and the bandwidth of the FBG under gradient stain are concerned with the length of the FBG. Experimental results are well consistent with the theoretical analysis, which have important guiding significance in the FBG dynamic sensing.

Implementation of Interrogation Systems for Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

The development of two simple methods for wavelength-optical intensity modulation techniques for fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensors is presented. The performance is evaluated by measuring the strain and temperature. The first method consists of a narrow band source, an optical circulator, an FBG; and a power meter. The source and Bragg reflected signal from the FBG need to be matched to get linear results with good power levels. The source spectral power levels are very critical in this study. The power reflected from a matched reference FBG is fed into the measuring FBG in the second method. Since the FBGs are matched, the entire power is reflected back initially. During the measurement, the change in the measurand causes the reflected power from the sensing FBG to vary. A costly high resolution spectrum analyzer is required only during the characterization of the FBG and source. The performances of two interrogators are compared by measuring the strain and temperature. In the second method, the strain measurements can be made insensitive to the temperature variation by selecting a source with a flat spectrum at the measurement range. Highlights of these methods are the portability, cost effectiveness and better resolution.

Effects of Exposure Conditions on the Spectral Characteristics of Uniform Fiber Bragg Gratings

During the fabrication of uniform fiber gratings, the exposure conditions have effects on the reflection and transmission spectral characteristics of gratings. The reflectivity of fiber gratirgs is nonlinear as a function of both the exposure fluency and exposure time. The shorter-wavelength loss, the change of the bandwidth and the shift of the center wavelength are also investigated in this paper.

Spectral Beam Combining of Fiber Lasers by Using Reflecting Volume Bragg Gratings

By employing three reflecting volume Bragg gratings, a near-infrared 4-channel spectral-beam-combining system is demonstrated to present 720 W combined power with a combining efficiency of 94.7%. The combined laser beam is near-diffraction-limited with a beam factor M^2-1.54. During this 4-channel beam-combining process, no special active cooling measures are used to evaluate the volume Bragg gratings as combining elements are under the higher power laser operation. Thermal expansion and period distortion are verified in a 2 k W 2-channel beam-combining process, and the heat issue in the transmission case is found to be more remarkable than that in the diffraction e-se. Transmitted and diffracted beams experience wave-front aberrations with different degrees, thus leading to distinct beam deterioration.

10-Gb/s Transmission in WDM PON Employing Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and Fibre Bragg Grating Equaliser

We propose a 10-Gb/s Wavelength- Division-Multiplexed Passive Optical Network （WDM-PON） scheme with upstream transmi- ssion employing Reflective Semiconductor Op- tical Amplifier （RSOA） and Fibre Bragg Gra- ting （FBG） optical equaliser. Transmissions of 10-Gb/s non return-to-zero signals using a 1.2- GHz RSOA and FBG optical equaliser with different setups are demonstrated. Significant performance improvement and 40-kin standard single mode fibre transmission are achieved using FBG optical equaliser and Remotely Pum- ped Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifier （RP-EDFA）, where they are used to equalise the output of the band-limited RSOA and amplify the seed light and upstream signal, respectively.

Optimization of the Tilted Fibre Bragg Gratings for the Fibre Accelerometric Sensor

The presentation shows the principle and construction of the fibre optic accelerometric sensor. The sensor element is based on the use of the tilted fibre Bragg grating (TFBG) that is imprinted to the bend insensitive single-mode telecommunication grade fibre. The fibre section with TFBG is then coupled to the evaluation fibre circuit with the cladding-core mode conversion element that provides the core re-coupling of the optical power injected by TFBG to the fibre cladding. The cladding-core mode conversion efficiency is sensitive to the acceleration generated fibre bending. It is shown that the sensitivity of the device depends on the rate of the main core reflection versus cladding ghost reflection induced by the grating. The analysis of the core reflection power coupling on the angle of the grating tilt and the analysis of the cladding ghost reflection power coupling on the angle of the grating tilt is presented and the optimal parameters of the tilt and refractive index modulation are derived. The presentation gives the experimental results of the TFBG sensor prepared according to the optimization process.

FBG技术监测分析机场跑道沥青加铺层反射裂缝扩展过程

反射裂缝是导致机场跑道加铺层失效的主要病害之一。为分析机场水泥跑道沥青加铺层反射裂缝扩展过程,本文基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG,fiber Bragg grating)传感技术,提出了可用于实时监测机场水泥跑道沥青加铺层反射裂缝扩展过程的柔性FBG传感器封装方法,并对研发的FBG传感器进行了标定。基于室内组合梁试验,分析了机场水泥跑道沥青加铺层复合结构反射裂缝扩展过程,包括微裂纹萌生与积累、反射裂缝扩展、反射裂缝贯通3个阶段。在反射裂缝扩展初期,FBG传感器中心波长增长速率相对较小;随着反射裂缝逐渐扩展,FBG传感器中心波长迅速增大。结果表明,柔性FBG传感器全部存活且性能完整,验证了其在实时监测机场水泥跑道沥青加铺层反射裂缝扩展过程中的可行性。

光纤光栅Bragg波长的高斯曲线拟合求法

利用最小二乘法对观测的数据进行曲线拟合,由于保证了离差平方和取得最小,因此少数数据点的干扰对拟合曲线的参数影响不大,各参数值的大小主要取决于整体观测值。将得到的FBG反射谱采样值,采用高斯曲线拟合的方法进行回归分析,通过拟合得到的高斯函数参数值来获得相应Bragg波长值,降低了光噪声对光纤Bragg光栅中心波长测量的影响。

耐高温光纤Bragg光栅的响应特性研究

以耐高温光纤光栅和普通的光纤光栅为实验研究对象,研究了其高温特性。普通的FBG,当温度超过300℃以上,光纤光栅已变黑变脆,虽然有传感特性,但已不能在实际中应用;通过对耐高温光栅裸栅进行300℃以上的高温实验,发现耐高温FBG处于20℃-350℃之间时反射波长与温度之间有着良好的线性关系,且光栅性能良好,没有出现被碳化现象,灵敏度为0.01 nm/M Pa;随着温度进一步升高,FBG反射波长与温度开始呈现非线性关系。实验结果表明,耐高温光栅适合于高温油气井下应用。

光纤Bragg光栅的温度传感研究

本文分析了光纤 Bragg光栅在受到温度调制时的滤波特性。与温度对光纤光栅反射谱波长的影响相比 ,对其带宽的影响可忽略。实验中 ,光纤光栅受温度的调制 ,并且其反射谱由光谱仪记录。结果表明该光纤 Bragg光栅对温度产生的波长偏移是 0 .0 0 991nm/℃。值得注意的是实验中最大标准误差为 0 .0 3nm,能满足目前波分复用技术所需的信道精度。

光纤Bragg光栅传感特性的实验研究

针对光纤Bragg光栅的温度和应力特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:光纤光栅的Bragg波长随温度和轴向应变的变化呈现出良好的线性和重复性;光栅的涂敷材料、支撑材料不会改变它的线性和重复性,但对其灵敏度有显著的影响。实验结果可以作为对光纤光栅进一步深入研究的参考。

基于负膨胀材料的光纤Bragg光栅温度补偿研究

伴随着光纤通信技术的发展,光纤Bragg光栅已成为光纤通信的基本元件。由于光纤Bragg光栅的中心反射波长λB随着环境温度的起伏而发生漂移,为光纤Bragg光栅的应用带来很大困难。本文用负热膨胀系数陶瓷粉末ZrW2O8对光纤Bragg光栅进行了温度补偿,取得了一定的补偿效果,为深入研究奠定了一定的基础。

光纤Bragg光栅折射率调制特性研究

在光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)中两个正反向模式之间会发生耦合,要了解光纤光栅的物理特性,提高反射率的精度,就需要深入研究光纤光栅的耦合模理论。通过光纤Bragg光栅的耦合方程,研究在不同的折射率调制深度的情况之下光纤反射谱变化,并用Matlab做仿真实验,结果发现光栅长度取2,5,10 mm,弱光栅、中度光栅、强光栅在折射率变化0.000 1时的反射谱带宽最大值分别是2.015 0×10^(-11),5.276 7×10^(-11),9.214 3×10^(-11)。计算表明:在固定光栅长度情况下,每0.000 1折射率变化所导致的反射谱带宽变化值在任意反射带中都相对稳定,其中,弱光栅反射谱最小,中度光栅反射谱次之,强光栅反射谱最大。

光纤Bragg光栅的反射特性研究

阐述了由耦合模理论得到的光纤Bragg光栅的反射率的表达式 ,并且由此表达式导出了光纤Bragg光栅的反射特性 ,反射中心波长为λB=2 ·neff·Λ。进而理论分析了反射波长λ、光栅栅距Λ ,折射率微扰的最大值Δnmax、光栅区长度L和反射率Rg 之间的关系。

镀镍光纤Bragg光栅温度传感特性实验研究

在光纤智能金属结构材料中,为了保护光纤Bragg光栅并使得传感器与基体金属有很好的结合性,在光纤Bragg光栅表面化学镀镍,并实验研究了化学镀镍前后的光纤Bragg光栅的温度传感特性.实验表明:镀镍后的光纤光栅的Bragg波长随温度变化呈现出良好的线性和重复性,Bragg光栅温度灵敏度变大.

各向异性材料包层光纤Bragg光栅的反射谱

应用数值解法对包层为单轴晶体材料且其光轴平行于光纤轴的光纤功率限制因子进行了理论模拟,并从模式特性出发解释了k_(cl)对该类光纤Bragg光栅的反射率的影响。计算结果表明:对于HE_(11)模,各向同性材料包层光纤中的能量比单轴晶体材料包层光纤中的能量更容易集中在纤芯中传输,而且集中程度与k_(cl)的取值有关;各向异性材料包层比各向同性材料包层的光纤Bragg光栅的反射率要高;此类光纤Bragg光栅的反射率主要是由光纤纤芯和包层中能量分布决定的。

基于相关分析的光纤光栅Bragg波长偏移值测量

在分析光噪声对光纤光栅Bragg波长偏移量测量影响机理的基础上,利用数字信号处理技术中信号的互相关分析对信号噪声的抑制及其在信号时延长度测量中的应用,将光纤Bragg光栅反射功率谱序列等效为信号的一个时间抽样序列,在较强噪声条件下,对基于光纤Bragg光栅的测力传感探头受拉后Bragg波长的偏移量,使用相关分析的方法进行了测量;结果显示,该方法将光纤光栅Bragg波长偏移值的测量波动最大差值由一般方法的90pm降低到了28pm,有效减小了由噪声引起的Bragg波长偏移值的测量误差。