A type of combined optical fiber interferometric acoustic emission sensor is proposed. The sensor can be independent on the laser source and make light interference by matching the lengths of two arms,so it can be use...A type of combined optical fiber interferometric acoustic emission sensor is proposed. The sensor can be independent on the laser source and make light interference by matching the lengths of two arms,so it can be used to monitor the health of large structure. Theoretical analyses indicate that the system can be equivalent to the Michelson interferometer with two optical fiber loop reflectors,and its sensitivity has been remarkably increased because of the decrease of the losses of light energy. PZT is powered by DC regulator to control the operating point of the system,so the system can accurately detect feeble vibration which is generated by ultrasonic waves propagating on the surface of solid. The amplitude and the frequency of feeble vibration signal are obtained by detecting the output light intensity of interferometer and using Fourier transform technique. The results indicate that the system can be used to detect the acoustic emission signals by the frequency characteristics.展开更多
In view of the problem that the sensing characteristics of the multi-mode interferometric fiber sensors cannot be accurately analyzed,an analysis method based on the fast Fourier transform(FFT)and inverse fast Fourier...In view of the problem that the sensing characteristics of the multi-mode interferometric fiber sensors cannot be accurately analyzed,an analysis method based on the fast Fourier transform(FFT)and inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT)is proposed and demonstrated theoretically and experimentally.The suitabilities of the rectangular window function with the narrow main lobe(high spectrum resolution)and low side lobe(high main mode energy leakage)and the Hanning window function with the wide main lobe(low spectrum resolution)and high side lobe(high energy concentration)in this kind of sensor analysis are discussed,respectively.This method can not only realize the sensing performance analysis of the various modes,but also overcome the inconsistency of the different interference wavelength(dip)sensing characteristics in the conventional analysis methods.At the same time,this method is also beneficial to solve the repetitive problem of such sensors.展开更多
The paper presents a number of signal processing approaches for the spectral interferometric interrogation of extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers(EFPIs). The analysis of attainable microdisplacement resolution is pe...The paper presents a number of signal processing approaches for the spectral interferometric interrogation of extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers(EFPIs). The analysis of attainable microdisplacement resolution is performed and the analytical equations describing the dependence of resolution on parameters of the interrogation setup are derived. The efficiency of the proposed signal processing approaches and the validity of analytical derivations are supported by experiments. The proposed approaches allow the interrogation of up to four multiplexed sensors with attained resolution between 30 pm and 80 pm, up to three times improvement of microdisplacement resolution of a single sensor by means of using the reference interferometer and noisecompensating approach, and ability to register signals with frequencies up to 1 kHz in the case of 1 Hz spectrum acquisition rate. The proposed approaches can be used for various applications, including biomedical, industrial inspection, and others, amongst the microdisplacement measurement.展开更多
This paper presents a novel miniaturized fiber-optic Fabry-Peort interferometer (FPI) for highly sensitive refractive index measurement. This device was tested for the refractive indices of various liquids including...This paper presents a novel miniaturized fiber-optic Fabry-Peort interferometer (FPI) for highly sensitive refractive index measurement. This device was tested for the refractive indices of various liquids including acetone and ethanol at room temperature. The sensitivity for measurement of refractive index change of ethanol is 1138 nm/RIU at the wavelength of 1550 nm. In addition, the sensor fabrication is simple including only cleaving, splicing, and etching. The signal is stable with high visibility. Therefore, it provides a valuable tool in biological and chemical applications.展开更多
An optical micro electron mechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor with a mesa membrane is presented. The operating principle of the MEMS pressure sensor is expatiated by the Fabry-Perot (F-P) interference and the...An optical micro electron mechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor with a mesa membrane is presented. The operating principle of the MEMS pressure sensor is expatiated by the Fabry-Perot (F-P) interference and the relation between deflection and pressure is analyzed. Both the mechanical model of the mesa structure diaphragm and the signal averaging effect is validated by simulation, which declares that the mesa structure diaphragm is superior to the planar one on the parallelism and can reduce the signal averaging effect. Experimental results demonstrate that the mesa structure sensor has a reasonable linearity and sensitivity.展开更多
Fiber optic sensors have been widely used and studied in recent times. This paper presents operating principles and applications of fiber optic sensors namely reflectometric and interferometric fiber optic sensors. Ma...Fiber optic sensors have been widely used and studied in recent times. This paper presents operating principles and applications of fiber optic sensors namely reflectometric and interferometric fiber optic sensors. Majority of optical fiber sensors fall under these two broad categories. Both interferometric and reflectometric fiber optic sensors are becoming popular for their ease of use, flexibility, long distance sensing, and potentially noise free detection. Also, these sensors can easily be used in various applications such as structural health monitoring, perimeter intrusion detection, temperature monitoring, and other numerous applications. This paper broadly classifies fiber optic sensors into two subtypes. The paper further highlights different sensors based on their sensing resolution, range, spatial advantages, and applications.展开更多
Optical fiber interferometric sensors based on [3×3] couplers have been used in many fields. A new technique is proposed to demodulate output signals of this kind of sensors. The technique recovers the signal of ...Optical fiber interferometric sensors based on [3×3] couplers have been used in many fields. A new technique is proposed to demodulate output signals of this kind of sensors. The technique recovers the signal of interest by fitting coefficients of elliptic (Lissajous) curves between each fiber pair. Different from other approaches, this technique eliminates the dependence on the idealization of [3×3] coupler, provides enhanced tolerance to the variance of photoelectric converters, and is anti-polarization in a certain extent. The main algorithm has been successfully demonstrated both by numerical simulation and experimental result.展开更多
Acoustic/ultrasonic sensors are devices that can convert mechanical energy into electrical signals.The Fabry–Perot cavity is processed on the end face of the double-clad fiber by a two-photon three-dimensional lithog...Acoustic/ultrasonic sensors are devices that can convert mechanical energy into electrical signals.The Fabry–Perot cavity is processed on the end face of the double-clad fiber by a two-photon three-dimensional lithography machine.In this study,the outer diameter of the core cladding was 250μm,the diameter of the core was 9μm,and the microcavity sensing unit was only 30μm.It could measure ultrasonic signals with high precision.The characteristics of the proposed ultrasonic sensor were investigated,and its feasibility was proven through experiments.Its design has a small size and can replace a larger ultrasonic detector device for photoacoustic signal detection.The sensor is applicable to the field of biomedical information technology,including medical diagnosis,photoacoustic endoscopy,and photoacoustic imaging.展开更多
Good linearity and wide dynamic range are the advantages of asymmetric Fabry-Pérot (F-P) interferometric cavity, whose realization has been long for. Based on optical thin film characteristic matrix theory, an ...Good linearity and wide dynamic range are the advantages of asymmetric Fabry-Pérot (F-P) interferometric cavity, whose realization has been long for. Based on optical thin film characteristic matrix theory, an asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity with good linearity and wide dynamic range is designed. And by choosing the material of two different thin metallic layers, the asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity is successfully fabricated. The design theory and method of this asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity have been described in detailed. In this paper an asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity used in fiber optical sensor is reported.展开更多
Pressure sensors based on fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer(EFPI)have been extensively applied in various industrial and biomedical fields.In this paper,some key improvements of EFPI-based pressure sens...Pressure sensors based on fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer(EFPI)have been extensively applied in various industrial and biomedical fields.In this paper,some key improvements of EFPI-based pressure sensors such as the controlled thermal bonding technique,diaphragm-based EFPI sensors,and white light interference technology have been reviewed.Recent progress on signal demodulation method and applications of EFPI-based pressure sensors has been introduced.Signal demodulation algorithms based on the cross correlation and mean square error(MSE)estimation have been proposed for retrieving the cavity length of EFPI.Absolute measurement with a resolution of 0.08 nm over large dynamic range has been carried out.For downhole monitoring,an EFPI and a fiber Bragg grating(FBG)cascade multiplexing fiber-optic sensor system has been developed,which can operate in temperature 300℃with a good long-term stability and extremely low temperature cross-sensitivity.Diaphragm-based EFPI pressure sensors have been successfully used for low pressure and acoustic wave detection.Experimental results show that a sensitivity of 31 mV/Pa in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 12.7 kHz for aeroacoustic wave detection has been obtained.展开更多
A novel fiber magnetic sensor based on the fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot (FBG-FP) cavity ring-down technique with pulse laser injection is proposed and demonstrated theoretically. A general expression of the inten...A novel fiber magnetic sensor based on the fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot (FBG-FP) cavity ring-down technique with pulse laser injection is proposed and demonstrated theoretically. A general expression of the intensity of the output electric field is derived, and the effect of the external magnetic field on the ring-down time is discussed. The results show that the output light intensity and the ring-down time of the FBG-FP cavity are in the inverse proportion to the magnitude of the external magnetic field. Our results demonstrate the new concept of the fiber magnetic sensor with the FBG-FP cavity ring-down spectroscopy and the technical feasibility.展开更多
为了实现高灵敏度、宽频响应的光纤型加速度传感器,以光纤激光器作为加速度传感器的传感元件,建立了光纤激光加速度传感系统,并对该系统的传感原理、灵敏度和谐振频率等性能进行了分析和实验。采用竖直式加速度传感器结构,结构中的传感...为了实现高灵敏度、宽频响应的光纤型加速度传感器,以光纤激光器作为加速度传感器的传感元件,建立了光纤激光加速度传感系统,并对该系统的传感原理、灵敏度和谐振频率等性能进行了分析和实验。采用竖直式加速度传感器结构,结构中的传感组件主要由质量块和中空的细钢管组成,光纤激光器受预应力作用后粘接在钢管内部,在加速度作用下,钢管产生的应变引起光纤激光器的应变和折射率发生改变,导致光纤激光器的出射波长随之发生改变,然后使用干涉解调技术检测出波长的动态变化,即可获得波长中包含的加速度振幅和频率信息。实验结果表明,在20~1 250 Hz频段内,竖直式光纤激光加速度传感器的灵敏度约为-126.2 d B[参考值1 rad/(μm/s^2)],频响曲线的波动幅度在±1.9 d B范围内,加速度响应动态范围为77.46~170.26 d B[500 Hz频点,参考值1μm/(s^2·Hz1/2)],加速度分辨率优于0.01 m/s^2。展开更多
基金the Fundamental Research Foundation of Harbin Engineering University, (grant number HEUF 04017)
文摘A type of combined optical fiber interferometric acoustic emission sensor is proposed. The sensor can be independent on the laser source and make light interference by matching the lengths of two arms,so it can be used to monitor the health of large structure. Theoretical analyses indicate that the system can be equivalent to the Michelson interferometer with two optical fiber loop reflectors,and its sensitivity has been remarkably increased because of the decrease of the losses of light energy. PZT is powered by DC regulator to control the operating point of the system,so the system can accurately detect feeble vibration which is generated by ultrasonic waves propagating on the surface of solid. The amplitude and the frequency of feeble vibration signal are obtained by detecting the output light intensity of interferometer and using Fourier transform technique. The results indicate that the system can be used to detect the acoustic emission signals by the frequency characteristics.
基金This work was supported by the State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control,Shandong University of Science and Technology(Grant Nos.MDPC201602 and MDPC2022ZR04)Department of Education1of Shandong Province(Grant No.J06P14)+1 种基金The Qingdao Feibo Technology Co.,Ltd.(Grant No.02040102401)Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(Grant Nos.200902574 and 20080441150).
文摘In view of the problem that the sensing characteristics of the multi-mode interferometric fiber sensors cannot be accurately analyzed,an analysis method based on the fast Fourier transform(FFT)and inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT)is proposed and demonstrated theoretically and experimentally.The suitabilities of the rectangular window function with the narrow main lobe(high spectrum resolution)and low side lobe(high main mode energy leakage)and the Hanning window function with the wide main lobe(low spectrum resolution)and high side lobe(high energy concentration)in this kind of sensor analysis are discussed,respectively.This method can not only realize the sensing performance analysis of the various modes,but also overcome the inconsistency of the different interference wavelength(dip)sensing characteristics in the conventional analysis methods.At the same time,this method is also beneficial to solve the repetitive problem of such sensors.
文摘The paper presents a number of signal processing approaches for the spectral interferometric interrogation of extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers(EFPIs). The analysis of attainable microdisplacement resolution is performed and the analytical equations describing the dependence of resolution on parameters of the interrogation setup are derived. The efficiency of the proposed signal processing approaches and the validity of analytical derivations are supported by experiments. The proposed approaches allow the interrogation of up to four multiplexed sensors with attained resolution between 30 pm and 80 pm, up to three times improvement of microdisplacement resolution of a single sensor by means of using the reference interferometer and noisecompensating approach, and ability to register signals with frequencies up to 1 kHz in the case of 1 Hz spectrum acquisition rate. The proposed approaches can be used for various applications, including biomedical, industrial inspection, and others, amongst the microdisplacement measurement.
基金supported by the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60537040the Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC under Grant No. 2007BB3125
文摘This paper presents a novel miniaturized fiber-optic Fabry-Peort interferometer (FPI) for highly sensitive refractive index measurement. This device was tested for the refractive indices of various liquids including acetone and ethanol at room temperature. The sensitivity for measurement of refractive index change of ethanol is 1138 nm/RIU at the wavelength of 1550 nm. In addition, the sensor fabrication is simple including only cleaving, splicing, and etching. The signal is stable with high visibility. Therefore, it provides a valuable tool in biological and chemical applications.
文摘An optical micro electron mechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensor with a mesa membrane is presented. The operating principle of the MEMS pressure sensor is expatiated by the Fabry-Perot (F-P) interference and the relation between deflection and pressure is analyzed. Both the mechanical model of the mesa structure diaphragm and the signal averaging effect is validated by simulation, which declares that the mesa structure diaphragm is superior to the planar one on the parallelism and can reduce the signal averaging effect. Experimental results demonstrate that the mesa structure sensor has a reasonable linearity and sensitivity.
文摘Fiber optic sensors have been widely used and studied in recent times. This paper presents operating principles and applications of fiber optic sensors namely reflectometric and interferometric fiber optic sensors. Majority of optical fiber sensors fall under these two broad categories. Both interferometric and reflectometric fiber optic sensors are becoming popular for their ease of use, flexibility, long distance sensing, and potentially noise free detection. Also, these sensors can easily be used in various applications such as structural health monitoring, perimeter intrusion detection, temperature monitoring, and other numerous applications. This paper broadly classifies fiber optic sensors into two subtypes. The paper further highlights different sensors based on their sensing resolution, range, spatial advantages, and applications.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60673152
文摘Optical fiber interferometric sensors based on [3×3] couplers have been used in many fields. A new technique is proposed to demodulate output signals of this kind of sensors. The technique recovers the signal of interest by fitting coefficients of elliptic (Lissajous) curves between each fiber pair. Different from other approaches, this technique eliminates the dependence on the idealization of [3×3] coupler, provides enhanced tolerance to the variance of photoelectric converters, and is anti-polarization in a certain extent. The main algorithm has been successfully demonstrated both by numerical simulation and experimental result.
基金This work was supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2020A1515010958Key Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan,No.JCYJ20200109113808048.
文摘Acoustic/ultrasonic sensors are devices that can convert mechanical energy into electrical signals.The Fabry–Perot cavity is processed on the end face of the double-clad fiber by a two-photon three-dimensional lithography machine.In this study,the outer diameter of the core cladding was 250μm,the diameter of the core was 9μm,and the microcavity sensing unit was only 30μm.It could measure ultrasonic signals with high precision.The characteristics of the proposed ultrasonic sensor were investigated,and its feasibility was proven through experiments.Its design has a small size and can replace a larger ultrasonic detector device for photoacoustic signal detection.The sensor is applicable to the field of biomedical information technology,including medical diagnosis,photoacoustic endoscopy,and photoacoustic imaging.
基金This work was supported by the National "863" Project of China (No. 2003AA311022)the National "973" Project of China (No. 2004CB719804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10274108)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China.
文摘Good linearity and wide dynamic range are the advantages of asymmetric Fabry-Pérot (F-P) interferometric cavity, whose realization has been long for. Based on optical thin film characteristic matrix theory, an asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity with good linearity and wide dynamic range is designed. And by choosing the material of two different thin metallic layers, the asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity is successfully fabricated. The design theory and method of this asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity have been described in detailed. In this paper an asymmetric F-P interferometric cavity used in fiber optical sensor is reported.
文摘Pressure sensors based on fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer(EFPI)have been extensively applied in various industrial and biomedical fields.In this paper,some key improvements of EFPI-based pressure sensors such as the controlled thermal bonding technique,diaphragm-based EFPI sensors,and white light interference technology have been reviewed.Recent progress on signal demodulation method and applications of EFPI-based pressure sensors has been introduced.Signal demodulation algorithms based on the cross correlation and mean square error(MSE)estimation have been proposed for retrieving the cavity length of EFPI.Absolute measurement with a resolution of 0.08 nm over large dynamic range has been carried out.For downhole monitoring,an EFPI and a fiber Bragg grating(FBG)cascade multiplexing fiber-optic sensor system has been developed,which can operate in temperature 300℃with a good long-term stability and extremely low temperature cross-sensitivity.Diaphragm-based EFPI pressure sensors have been successfully used for low pressure and acoustic wave detection.Experimental results show that a sensitivity of 31 mV/Pa in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 12.7 kHz for aeroacoustic wave detection has been obtained.
文摘A novel fiber magnetic sensor based on the fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot (FBG-FP) cavity ring-down technique with pulse laser injection is proposed and demonstrated theoretically. A general expression of the intensity of the output electric field is derived, and the effect of the external magnetic field on the ring-down time is discussed. The results show that the output light intensity and the ring-down time of the FBG-FP cavity are in the inverse proportion to the magnitude of the external magnetic field. Our results demonstrate the new concept of the fiber magnetic sensor with the FBG-FP cavity ring-down spectroscopy and the technical feasibility.
文摘为了实现高灵敏度、宽频响应的光纤型加速度传感器,以光纤激光器作为加速度传感器的传感元件,建立了光纤激光加速度传感系统,并对该系统的传感原理、灵敏度和谐振频率等性能进行了分析和实验。采用竖直式加速度传感器结构,结构中的传感组件主要由质量块和中空的细钢管组成,光纤激光器受预应力作用后粘接在钢管内部,在加速度作用下,钢管产生的应变引起光纤激光器的应变和折射率发生改变,导致光纤激光器的出射波长随之发生改变,然后使用干涉解调技术检测出波长的动态变化,即可获得波长中包含的加速度振幅和频率信息。实验结果表明,在20~1 250 Hz频段内,竖直式光纤激光加速度传感器的灵敏度约为-126.2 d B[参考值1 rad/(μm/s^2)],频响曲线的波动幅度在±1.9 d B范围内,加速度响应动态范围为77.46~170.26 d B[500 Hz频点,参考值1μm/(s^2·Hz1/2)],加速度分辨率优于0.01 m/s^2。