Preparation and Characteristic of Self-regulation Water-transmitting Coating Fiber

Common clay, Kaolin and Bentonite were used as additives to prepare water-transmitting coating fiber, respectively, and the water-transmitting characteristic of coating fiber was studied. Different water-transmitting coating fibers were prepared by coating fiber using coating material with different mass proportions of additives to adhesive. And the coating materials were made from three kinds of inorganic clays as additives respectively and polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） as adhesive. Furthermore, the surface morphology and water-transmitting capacity of coating fiber were studied by SEM, Perkin Elmer Diamond SII thermal multi-analyzer and instrument for quick measurement moisture M30. The experimental results indicate that water-transmitting coating fibers made from three kinds of clays all have water-transmitting capacity. The surface of water-transmitting coating fiber prepared by common clay T is continuous and compact, and the water-transmitting effect is better than coating fibers made from other clays.

Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Using Cadmium Selenide Coated onto Side-Polished D-Shape Fiber as Saturable Absorber

A stable Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser emitting at 1558 nm is demonstrated using a cadmium selenide（CdSe） material coated onto a side-polished D-shape fiber as the saturable absorber（SA）. By elevating the input pump power from the threshold of 91 mW to the maximum available power of 136 mW, a pulse train with a maximum repetition rate of 57.44 kHz, minimum pulse width of 3.76 us, maximum average output power of7.99 mW, maximum pulse energy of 0.1391 uJ, and maximum peak power of 36.99 mW are obtained. The signalto-noise ratio of the spectrum is measured to be around 75 dB. This CdSe based SA is simple, robust, and reliable,and thus suitable for making a portable pulse laser source.

Preparation and Interfacial Stability of SiC_f/Ti-6Al-4V Composites Fabricated Using Powder Coated Fiber Method

SiCf/Ti-6Al-4V composites were fabricated by the powder-coated fiber method. The precursor fiber was prepared under the optimized parameter, and the composites were made using the vacuum hot pressure method. The influence of heat exposure time on products of thelinterfacial reaction was investigated using scanning electron microscope （SEM） and analytical transmission electron microscope （TEM） with energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. The main products are TiC and Ti5Si3 after vacuum exposing the samples at 700℃ for 50 h. The growth dynamics of interracial reaction products was analyzed quantitatively, which fitted the parabola rule. The activity energy of the reaction was 252 kJ·mol^-1.

Improvements of Fiber Yield and Fiber Fineness by Expressing the iaaM Gene in Cotton Seed Coat

Cotton,the most important natural fiber crop in the world,is a mainstay in China's economy.However,for over two decades,cotton yields both in China and U.S.have been at a plateau.

Interfacial Shear Strength Measurements of SiC Fiber-Reinforced Titanium Composites

A continuous loading push-out test technique was used to measure the interfacial shear strength of SiC fiber reinforced Ti matrix composites. The interfacial shear strength of samples as-fabricated and after heat exposed at 700 and 800℃ for 50 h was successfully determined. It has been found that the interfacial shear strength of the specimen exposed at 700℃ was higher than that of as-prepared and exposed samples at 800℃. The shear strength of the as-prepared samples was about 112.45 MPa, and increased to about 153.77 MPa after heat-treating at 700℃ for 50 h, but decreased to 133.11 MPa after treating at 800℃ for 50 h. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） was used to investigate the interfacial morphology of the samples. The brittle phase was the main products of interface for samples exposed at 800℃, and the interface was easily peeled off.

Sensing characteristics of a metal film coated long-period fiber grating

To obtain the influence rules of the coating parameters of a long-period fiber grating(LPFG)with respect to temperature,strain and refractive index sensing properties,based on the mode coupling theory,a strict four-layer theorietical model of a metal film coated LPFG is established,and these parameters that affect the spectral characteristics of the metal film coated LPFG are studied.The simulation results show that there is an optimal metal film thickness on the surface of the LPFG that will induce the surface-plasmon resonance(SP R)effect,which results in higher sensitivity to the environmental temperature and refractive index but has little influence on the strain There is theoretical evidence that when the silver thickness is between0.8and1.2nm,the refractive index sensitivity will reach the peak point of42.4026,at which the refractive index sensor sensitivity is increased by4.S%.The theoretical results of coating a long-period fiber grating provide a good theoretical basis and guidance for LPFG design and parameters optimization

Behavior of Millstone Masonry Vaults Strengthened by Composite Materials

Sewerage systems first appeared in Paris in the middle of 19th century. Even if the majority of structures are still in working order, their general state will deteriorate inexorably, and as reconstruction is not always possible for cost and social impact reasons, rehabilitation is a solution adopted by many clients. It is necessary to resort to new rehabilitation techniques. Reinforcement by bonding composite materials has many advantages compared to other techniques. The objective of the experimental campaign presented in this paper is to study the addition of a lining by means of mortar reinforced by thin composite materials so as to restore masonry structures. To that purpose, crushing tests on masonry vaults have been carried out. The application of a lining made of mortar reinforced with composite materials has allowed increasing the breaking load and delaying the occurrence of the first cracks. This article presents the characterization of the materials. Moreover, the results of the breaking tests applied to masonry vaults are shown in this paper. A comparison with a traditional type of rehabilitation by a 6 cm-thick shotcrete lining will be performed.

Micro-dynamic Behavior and Self-adjusting Water Transmit Mechanism of Water-transferring Composite

Constructional and micro-dynamic process of the water-transferring composite was analyzed. This composite can transmit water to soil with a self-adjustable speed to ensure the survival of seedlings in arid and semi-arid regions when it is embedded in soil around the roots of the seedlings. It is obtained from natural plant fiber coated with a colloid made by mixing a certain proportion of polyacrylamide and montmorillonite. The rules of water being transmitted to soil by the coating under different condition were tested by M-30 quick moisture measure instrument. The process of water-desorption of the coating material was investigated by a Perkin Elmer Diamond S Ⅱ thermal multi-analyzer. Moreover, the micro-dynamic behavior was detected by a FEIQuanta 2000 environment scanning electron microscope. The results demonstrate that montmorillonite has lower water-desorption energy barrier than polyacrylamide and can lose water more easily. montmorillonite particles bridge up to be the main water-transmit material at low water potential （when the soil relatively dry or when the temperature is high）, and they break bridge at high water potential while the polyacrylamide acts as the main water-transmit material.

Mitoxantrone Determination by 1,5-order Differential Stripping Voltammetry

A rapid and sensitive 1.5 order adsorptive stripping voltammetric method fordetendnation of trace mitoxantrone (MXT) is described. The accumulation behavior of MXT on amercury film ndcroelectrode was studied and the possibility of carrying out 1.5 order differentialadsorptive stripping analysis using mercury-coated carbon fiber ndcroelectrode was demonstrated.Optimal conditions for 1.5 order differential voltammetry monitoring are described. The strippingpeak current is linearly proportional to the concentration of MAT in the range of 1.0×10-6 mol/L 1.0×10-9 and detection licit is 1.5×10-10 mol/L. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is 3.0% at5.0×10-8 (n=8). MXT can be detendned directly in biological samples at physiological levelswithout any separation procedure.

Validity of Amontons's law for run-in short-cut aramid fiber reinforced elastomers:The effect of epoxy coated fibers

Friction between two contacting surfaces is studied extensively.One of the k n o w n friction theories is Amontons,law which states that the friction force is proportional to the normal force.However,Amontons7 law has been found to be invalid for elastomers.In the present study,the validity of Amontons7 law for short-cut aramid fiber reinforced elastomers is studied.Two types of fillers are used to reinforce the elastomers,namely highly dispersible silica and short-cut aramid fibers.Short-cut aramid fibers with two different surface treatments are used,namely non-reactive fibers with standard oily finish(SF-fibers)and fibers treated with an epoxy coating(EF-fibers).A pin-on-disc tribometer is used to investigate the frictional behavior of the composites in sliding contact with a granite counter surface.The results show that,after the run-in phase,Amontons,law is valid for those composites that are reinforced by short-cut aramid fibers(without reinforcing filler,i.e.,silica)if the contact pressure is below a threshold value.However,once the contact pressure exceeds this threshold value,Amontons'law will be invalid.The threshold contact pressure of the composites containing EF-fibers is higher than of the composites containing SF-fibers.The composites that are reinforced by silica and short-cut aramid fibers do not follow Amontons7 law.

Humidity and temperature sensor based on GOQDs-PVA coated tapered no-core fiber combined with FBG

A simple structure optical fiber sensor for relative humidity(RH) and temperature measurement is proposed and verified in this paper, which is based on graphene oxide quantum dots and polyvinyl alcohol(GOQDs-PVA) composite coated tapered no-core fiber(NCF) combined with a fiber Bragg grating(FBG). FBG is insensitive to humidity and sensitive to temperature, which is used to compensate temperature of the sensor. Experimental results show this sensor has humidity sensitivity of 143.27 pm/%RH ranging from 30%RH to 80%RH and the temperature sensitivity of 9.21 pm/℃. The proposed sensor has advantages of simple structure, good repeatability, and good stability, which is expected to be used in both RH and temperature measurement in biological and chemical fields.

Intensity modulated silver coated glass optical fiber refractive index sensor

Miniature optical fiber sensors with thin films as sensitive elements could open new fields for optical fiber sensor applications. Thin films work as sensitive elements and a transducer to get response and feedback from environments, in which optical fibers act as a signal carrier. A novel Ag coated intensity modulated optical fiber sensor based on refractive index changes using IR and UV-Vis （UV-visible） light sources is proposed. The sensor with an IR light source has higher sensitivity compared to a UV-Vis source. When the refractive index is en- hanced to 1.38, the normalized intensity of IR and UV-Vis light diminishes to 0.2 and 0.8. respectively.

Experimental optimization of an erbium-doped super-fluorescent fiber source for fiber optic gyroscopes

Double-pass forward and double-pass backward erbium-doped super-fluorescent fiber sources（EDSFSs） were combined in one configuration.A 980 nm laser diode pumped the same erbium-doped fiber from both directions using a coupler as a power splitter.The double-pass configuration was achieved by coating the fiber end face.Firstly,an optimal fiber length was found to obtain a high stability of output light wavelength with pump power, and then 1530/1550 nm wavelength division multiplexing was used for spectrum planarization,which expanded the bandwidth to more than 22 nm.The final step was a test of temperature stability.The results show that the rate of the central wavelength change kept to below 3.5 ppm/℃in the range of -40 to 60℃and 1-2 ppm/℃in the range of 20-30℃.Considering all the three factors of the fiber optic gyro applications,we selected 80 mA as the pump current,in which case the central wavelength temperature instability was calculated as 2.70 ppm/℃, 3 dB bandwidth 22.85 nm,spectral flatness 0.2 dB,output power 5.17 mW and power efficiency up to 9.92%.This experimental result has a significant reference value to the selection of devices and proper design of ED-SFSs for the application of high-precision fiber optic gyroscopes.