Calculation of the Coupling Coefficient of Twin-Core Fiber Based on the Supermode Theory with Finite Element Method

Currently, coupled mode theory (CMT) is widely used for calculating the coupling coefficient of twin-core fibers (TCFs) that are used in a broad range of important applications. This approach is highly accurate for scenarios with weak coupling between the cores but shows significant errors in the strong coupling scenarios, necessitating the use of a more accurate method for coupling coefficient calculations. Therefore, in this work, we calculate the coupling coefficients of TCFs using the supermode theory with finite element method (FEM) that has higher accuracy than CMT, particularly for the strong coupling TCF. To investigate the origin of the differences between the results obtained by these two methods, the modal field distributions of the supermodes of TCF are simulated and analyzed in detail.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 2D FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES USING BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD

The boundary dement method was improved for the 2D elastic composites with randomly distributed inclusions. This problem can be reduced to a boundary integral equation for a multi-connected domain. Further, considering the matrices of the tractions and displacements for each group of the identical inclusion were the same, an effective computational scheme was designed, since the orders of the resulting matrix equations can be greatly reduced. Numerical examples indicate that this boundary element method scheme is more effective than the conventional multi-domain boundary element method for such a problem. The present scheme can be used to investigate the effective mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced composites.

Analysis of Biomechanical Behaviour of Anterior Teeth Using Two Different Methods: Finite Element Method and Experimental Tests

The main objective of this study was to compare the results obtained with both virtual and experimental research methods, when the biomechanical behavior of teeth restored with esthetic posts was investigated. The finite element method was used to develop models of healthy maxillary canines and maxillary canines restored with definitive crowns and glass-fiber posts, quartzfiber posts, and titanium posts. Stress distribution was observed when external loads were applied. Load was applied in-vitro to analyse the fracture resistance of 48 maxillary canines restored in the same way as it was considered in the virtual method. The analysis of results using the finite element method led to the conclusion that restored teeth, in which the elastic modulus of the post was similar to that of the dentine and the material of the core had the best biomechanical performance. The experimental study validated the virtual analysis.

Evaluation of interfacial properties in SiC composites using an improved cohesive element method

A two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model based on an improved cohesive element method was developed to simulate interfacial debonding, sliding friction, and residual thermal stresses in SiC composites during single-fiber push-out tests to extract the interfacial bond strength and frictional stress. The numerical load–displacement curves agree well with experimental curves,indicating that this cohesive element method can be used for calculating the interfacial properties of SiC composites.The simulation results show that cracks are most likely to occur at the ends of the experimental sample, where the maximum shear stress is observed and that the interfacial shear strength and constant sliding friction stress decrease with an increase in temperature. Moreover, the load required to cause complete interfacial failure increases with the increase in critical shear strength, and the composite materials with higher fiber volume fractions have higher bearing capacities. In addition, the initial failure load increases with an increase in interphase thickness.

Optimization of highly nonlinear dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fiber for supercontinuum generation

A simple type of photonic crystal fiber （PCF） for supercontinuum generation is proposed for the first time. The proposed PCF is composed of a solid silica core and a cladding with square lattice uniform elliptical air holes, which offers not only a large nonlinear coefficient but also a high birefringence and low leakage losses. The PCF with nonlinear coefficient as large as 46 W-1 · km-1 at the wavelength of 1.55 um and a total dispersion as low as ±2.5 ps. nm-1 · km -1 over an ultra-broad waveband range of the S-C-L band （wavelength from 1.46 um to 1.625 um） is optimized by adjusting its structure parameter, such as the lattice constant A, the air-filling fraction f, and the air-hole ellipticity η. The novel PCF with ultra-flattened dispersion, highly nonlinear coefficient, and nearly zero negative dispersion slope will offer a possibility of efficient super-continuum generation in telecommunication windows using a few ps pulses.

A parallel fast multipole BEM and its applications to large-scale analysis of 3-D fiber-reinforced composites

In this paper, an adaptive boundary element method （BEM） is presented for solving 3-D elasticity problems. The numerical scheme is accelerated by the new version of fast multipole method （FMM） and parallelized on distributed memory architectures. The resulting solver is applied to the study of representative volume element （RVE） for short fiberreinforced composites with complex inclusion geometry. Numerical examples performed on a 32-processor cluster show that the proposed method is both accurate and efficient, and can solve problems of large size that are challenging to existing state-of-the-art domain methods.

Stress and modal birefringence of single-mode specialty optical fibers with three-stress regions

Stress-induced birefringence and modal birefringence of single-mode specialty optical fibers with three stress regions are numerically analyzed by the vector finite element method. Stress distribution and stress-induced birefringence distribution of three kinds of optical fibers with different cross structures are presented and compared, and the influence on the stress- induced birefringence by temperature change are analyzed as well. The results show that the fibers with three-stress regions have a lower linear birefringence, which is very important for the fabrication of the circular polaxization-maintalning fiber with high performance drawn from the same fiber preform by using the spinning method.

Effect of fiber distribution on residual thermal stress in titanium matrix composite

Residual thermal stresses (RTS) of SCS-6 SiC/Ti-24Al-11Nb composite were analyzed by using finite element method (FEM). Three models of fiber array in the composite and the effect of fiber distance on the RTS were discussed. In all the three models compressive stress was found in the radial direction and tensile stress in the tangential direction. It is pointed out that, in real composite system, hexagonal fiber geometry is superior because the distribution and the magnitude of the residual stress are similar to those in single fiber model. In square fiber geometry, it is easier to make the matrix crack due to the larger residual tangential stress. RTS becomes very large and changes violently when the fiber distance is less than 15 μm or so, therefore too high fiber volume is apt to result in matrix crack.

STRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF POLYMER CHAINS FOR NECKING FORMATION IN HIGH-SPEED FIBER SPINNING PROCESS

Finite element method is used to simulate the high-speed melt spinning process, based on the equation system proposed by Doufas et al. Calculation predicts a neck-like deformation, as well as the related profiles of velocity, diameter, temperature, chain orientation, and crystallinity in the fiber spinning process. Considering combined effects on the process such as flow-induced crystallization, viscoelasticity, filament cooling, air drag, inertia, surface tension and gravity, the simulated material flow behaviors are consistent with those observed for semi-crystalline polymers under various spinning conditions, The structure change of polymer coils in the necking region described by the evolution of conformation tensor is also investigated. Based on the relaxation mechanism of macromolecules in flow field different types of morphology change of polymer chains before and in the neck are proposed, giving a complete prospect of structure evolution and crystallization of semi-crystalline polymer in the high speed fiber spinning process.

基于布里渊动态光栅的高灵敏度保偏光纤多参量同时解调

为了实现基于保偏光纤在布里渊动态光栅的温度、快轴压力和慢轴压力同时解调,并克服传统压力传感灵敏度不足的缺点,提出了一种边孔型高灵敏度光子晶体光纤。利用有限元方法,研究了温度、快轴压力和慢轴压力与双折射频移、布里渊频移和布里渊线宽之间的关系,据此可实现多参量的同时解调。结果表明,该光子晶体光纤可以实现三参量的同时解调,且解调误差在1 MPa和1℃以内。快轴压力、慢轴压力和温度的误差均值分别为0.21 MPa、0.31 MPa和0.30℃,误差的标准差分别为0.15 MPa、0.21 MPa和0.21℃。在施加0~30 MPa的横向压力和0~100℃的温度时,该光子晶体光纤快轴方向上的压力灵敏度为-1.961 GHz/MPa,光纤慢轴方向上的压力灵敏度为1.356 GHz/MPa,其温度灵敏度为0.105MHz/℃。相较于目前最优结构的光子晶体光纤压力灵敏度提升了-957MHz/MPa。该传感器及解调方法适用于土木结构和大型机械在建造和使用过程中监测其内部所受温度和不同方向压力的变化。

Passive polarization rotator based on silica photonic crystal fiber for 1.31-μm and 1.55-μm bands via adjusting the fiber length

A new polarization rotator based on the silica photonic crystal fiber is proposed. The proposed polarization rotator photonic crystal fiber （PR-PCF） possesses a triangle jigsaw-shape core region. The full-vector finite-element method is used to analyze the phenomenon of polarization conversion between the quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes. Numerical simulations show that the wavelengths of 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm are converted with a nearly 100% polarization conversion ratio with their matched coupling length and has a relatively strong realistic fabrication tolerance - 100 nm on the y axis and 50 nm on the x axis. The full vectorial finite difference beam propagation method is used to confirm the performance of the proposed PR-PCF.

高阶轨道角动量传输光纤设计及传输特性研究(内封底文章)

为解决一般轨道角动量传输光纤传输轨道角动量模式数量少、质量差的问题,提出了一种基于正六边形空气孔排列的新型光子晶体光纤结构。该光纤引入了空气填充率高的矩形空气孔以及采用高折射率材料填充环形传输区域,能够有效提高环形传输区域和包层间的折射率差,且正六边形排列空气孔有利于提高模间有效折射率差。经过结构优化得到最优光纤结构,有限元法的分析结果表明,最优结构下,该光纤在常用波段S+C+L+U波段上能够支持142种轨道角动量模式的传输,最高阶数达到36阶。且所提出光纤具有良好的传输特性,本征模式的最高限制性损耗为10−9 dB/m量级,与典型轨道角动量传输光子晶体光纤相比至少降低了一个数量级;最大有效模场面积能够达到206.18μm^(2),最小非线性系数低至0.397 W^(−1)∙km^(−1);色散平坦且最小色散变化低至1.4578 ps/(nm∙km);所有本征模式纯度均在93.4%~96.8%范围内。且该光纤具有较好的制备可行性,对制造精度要求不高。因此,该光纤在基于轨道角动量光纤的复用系统中具有广阔的应用前景,为提高通信容量提供了一种有效手段。

STATISTIC MODELING OF THE CREEP BEHAVIOR OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES BASED ON FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

The aim of the paper is to discover the general creep mechanisms for the short fiber reinforcement matrix composites (MMCs) under uniaxial stress states and to build a relationship between the macroscopic steady creep behavior and the material micro geometric parameters. The unit cell models were used to calculate the macroscopic creep behavior with different micro geometric parameters of fibers on different loading directions. The influence of the geometric parameters of the fibers and loading directions on the macroscopic creep behavior had been obtained, and described quantitatively. The matrix/fiber interface had been considered by a third layer, matrix/fiber interlayer, in the unit cells with different creep properties and thickness. Based on the numerical results of the unit cell models, a statistic model had been presented for the plane randomly-distributed-fiber MMCs. The fiber breakage had been taken into account in the statistic model for it starts experimentally early in the creep life. With the distribution of the geometric parameters of the fibers, the results of the statistic model agree well with the experiments. With the statistic model, the influence of the geometric parameters and the breakage of the fibers as well as the properties and thickness of, the interlayer on the macroscopic steady creep rate have been discussed.

新型高双折射率高灵敏度光子晶体光纤设计

针对现有光子晶体光纤(PCF)结构复杂、不易制造且灵敏度低的问题,设计了一种用于液体传感的新型高双折射率高灵敏度PCF。这种光纤的纤芯中引入了2种尺寸不同的椭圆形空气孔,而包层则是由相同尺寸的圆形空气孔按四边形排列组成的。利用有限元法结合完美匹配层边界条件,借助COMSOL Multiphysics模拟软件对该PCF进行了数值模拟。将水作为传感液体注入纤芯,在1.3~1.8μm的波段范围内对光纤的双折射、限制损耗以及灵敏度进行了详细的分析。研究结果表明:随着波长的增加,新型PCF的双折射率达到了10-2数量级;在波长为1.3μm时,其灵敏度高达54.4%,相较于已有PCF,提升幅度高达1.1~2.5倍。

考虑变墩高效应的小半径曲线梁桥地震易损性研究

为分析墩高变化形式对小半径曲线梁桥地震易损性的影响,以某互通式立交匝道桥第2联为背景,设计渐变型、凹岛型、凸岛型3种墩高变化形式曲线梁桥进行地震易损性研究。在提出的压弯剪扭耦合作用破坏的基础上,采用集中铰-纤维模型的桥墩建模方法,通过SeismoStruct有限元软件建立3种墩高变化形式曲线梁桥模型;选取符合Ⅲ类场地特性的50条地震波,利用能力需求比法,以位移延性比为损伤指标,研究不同变墩高形式下桥墩与支座的地震易损性。结果表明:当小半径曲线梁桥采用3种墩高变化形式时,以弯曲受力为主的中、高墩在地震作用下发生完全破坏概率较低,以弯剪或剪切受力为主的矮墩在强震作用下发生完全破坏概率较大,变墩高曲线梁桥可以适当提高矮墩的抗震能力;凹岛型墩高变化形式会增加矮墩的损伤概率,在抗震设计中应避免选择该墩高变化形式或尽可能优化墩梁连接方式;墩高变化形式对于支座的易损性影响小于对桥墩的影响。

GMPC材料表面粘贴FBG磁场传感技术

针对目前电力系统中磁场测量需求,以及光纤自身具有绝缘、抗电磁干扰优势,将其与巨磁致伸缩复合材料结合,实现磁场的检测。其中,采用有限元分析方法,建立磁场环境下的材料仿真模型,实现材料的定性分析。另外,根据仿真分析结果,研制不同浓度比的巨磁致伸缩复合材料,并将材料表面粘贴光纤光栅,实现磁场检测。所提出的光纤磁场传感技术实现了低电磁干扰磁探测、提高探测效率、降低稀土合金消耗。

某在建商业建筑满足承载力要求的消能减震加固设计与分析

本文以新疆某商业楼加固工程为背景,针对该建筑工程施工时一、二层梁柱纵向钢筋等级选择与设计要求不符,造成多数框架梁、柱配筋不满足抗震承载力要求的问题,提出了传统加固技术与消能减震技术相结合的加固方案。基于PKPM和ETABS软件,通过大量数据分析对加固方案进行了优化和调整,同时采用PERFORM-3D软件分析了罕遇地震作用下结构的时程响应。得到结论:(1)减震加固后,结构满足“小震不坏、大震不倒”的设防目标;(2)通过合理布置黏滞阻尼墙,降低了地震作用,大幅度减小了传统加固的用量。

先驱体转化法制备含异质元素碳化硅纤维的研究进展

连续SiC纤维及其复合材料以其优异的耐高温、抗氧化以及机械性能在航空航天以及核领域有着广泛的应用前景。先驱体转化法已成为制备连续SiC纤维最重要的方法。特定异质元素的引入可以有效改善SiC纤维的性能。本文结合我们团队近40年在先驱体转化法制备高性能SiC纤维领域的相关工作,首先综述了异质元素的引入方式,主要包括物理共混和化学改性;从提高先驱体的陶瓷产率、促进纤维烧结致密化,提高SiC纤维的耐高温性能以及拓展SiC纤维的功能化应用等方面阐述了异质元素的作用和机理;然后分别介绍了国内外含Ti、Al、Zr、Fe、B以及难熔金属(Hf、Ta、Nb)等含异质元素SiC纤维的组成、结构与性能以及发展现状,最后对陶瓷先驱体体系构建、异质元素种类含量与纤维性能构效关系研究、以及纤维工程化应用等研究方向进行了展望。

高双折射椭圆纤芯类矩形排布光子晶体光纤的性能研究

高双折射光子晶体光纤具有较强的线偏振光保持能力,采用Bi_(2)O_(3)-GeO_(2)-Ga_(2)O_(3)多组分激光玻璃材料作为纤芯设计了独特结构的高双折射光子晶体光纤。运用有限元法结合完美边界条件,得出该光子晶体光纤在1.55μm和1.80μm波长下,双折射系数分别为5.207×10^(-2)和6.882×10^(-2)。在1.55μm波长处,X和Y极化方向的限制损耗分别为1.386×10^(-5)dB/km和5.386×10^(-7)dB/km。非线性系数表明,结构参数M(D/Λ)分别为0.7和0.8的光子晶体光纤,非线性系数在X和Y极化方向上,范围分别在4.374×10^(3)-4.906×10^(3)km^(-1)·W^(-1)和5.621×10^(3)-6.978×10^(3)km^(-1)·W^(-1)之间。本文所设计的高双折射光子晶体光纤的独特结构和优异性能特点,为光通信和光传感等应用领域提供了新的解决方案。

基于离散元-有限元联合算法的纤维流场变形行为

纤维在气流中的动态特性对织物的结构和性能有着决定性的影响。为研究柔性纤维在纺织各环节不同流场下的转移变形演化过程,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟方法构建了在空间各向位置存在速度差异的特征流场分布,并在此基础上构建了离散元多球链柔性纤维模型,利用欧拉-拉格朗日法耦合求解自由纤维的运动轨迹,并讨论了其在差异流场中的受力情况与转移变形行为。结果表明:纤维初始取向角度会影响弯曲效果,随着纤维主体与气流方向的夹角增加,纤维越容易呈现弯曲形态;不同的纤维喂入位置会影响气流累积作用,纤维端之间所受气流力的差值越大,累积作用时间越长,纤维的弯曲效果越显著;纤维间的交互作用会使纤维簇发生分层现象,不利于多数纤维的混杂与弯曲变形。该研究揭示了单根柔性纤维和纤维簇在流场中的弯曲变形机制,提供了研究纤维在复杂流场中运动和变形的有效方法,可以为改善纺织工艺提供指导。