Effect of suction on macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness during LASIK used femtosecond laser and Moria M2 microkeratome

·AIM: To compare the effect of suction on the macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness during laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) used Ziemer FEMTO LDV femtosecond laser(Ziemer group) and Moria M2 automated microkeratome(Moria group) for flap creation.· METHODS: Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography(FD-OCT) was used to measure macular thickness, ganglion cell complex thickness and RNFL thickness of 204 eyes of 102 patients with the Ziemer femtosecond laser(102 eyes) and the Moria M2microkeratome(102 eyes) before surgery and 30min; 1,3d; 1wk; 1, 3mo; 1y after surgery.· RESULTS: The average foveal thickness and parafoveal retinal thickness 30 min after the surgery were statistically more than that before surgery(Ziemer P 【0.001,P =0.003 and Moria P=0.001, P=0.006) and the effect was less in the Ziemer group than that in the Moria group(P all 【0.05). The ganglion cell complex thickness was not significantly changed in both groups(P all 】0.05). The RNFL thickness was statistically less 30 min after surgery in both groups(P=0.014, P 【0.001), but the influence was less in Ziemer group than that in Moria group(P =0.038).However, the RNFL thickness had recovered to the preoperative level only 1d after surgery.·CONCLUSION: The suction of femtosecond laser and mechanical microkeratome led to the increase in macular central fovea thickness and the decrease in RNFL thickness values at the early stage after LASIK. The effect of suction on macular and the RNFL thicknesses in Ziemer group is smaller than that in Moria group.

Femtosecond Tm-Ho co-doped fiber laser using a bulk-structured Bi2Se3 topological insulator

We experimentally demonstrate a femtosecond mode-locked thulium-holmium（Tm-Ho） co-doped fiber laser incorporating a saturable absorber（SA） based on a bulk-structured bismuth selenide（Bi2Se3） topological insulator（TI）. The SA was prepared by depositing a mechanically exfoliated Bi2Se3 TI layer onto a side-polished optical fiber platform. Unlike high-quality nano-structured Bi2Se3 TI-based SA, bulk-structured Bi2Se3 with non-negligible oxidation was used as a saturable absorption material for this experimental demonstration due to its easy fabrication process. The saturation power and modulation depth of the prepared SA were measured to be -28.6 W and -13.4%, respectively. By incorporating the prepared SA into a Tm-Ho co-doped fiber ring cavity, stable soliton pulses with a temporal width of - 853 fs could be generated at 1912.12 nm. The 3-dB bandwidth of the mode-locked pulse was measured to be -4.87 nm. This experimental demonstration reaffirms that Bi2Se3 is a superb base material for mid-infrared passive mode-locking even under oxidation.

Tunable Supercontinuum Generated in a Yb^3＋-Doped Microstructure Fiber Pumped by Ti：Sapphire Femtosecond Laser

We experimentally demonstrate that a tunable supercontinuum（SC） can be generated in a Yb3＋-doped microstructure fiber by the concept of wavelength conversion with a Ti：sapphire femtosecond（fs） laser as the pump.Experimental results show that an emission light around 1040 nm in an anomalous dispersion region is first generated and amplified by fs pulses in the normal dispersion region. Then, SC spectra from 1100 to 1380 nm and 630 to 840 nm can be achieved by combined effects of higher-order soliton fission and Raman soliton self-frequency shift in the anomalous dispersion region and self-phase modulation, dispersive wave, and four-wave mixing in the normal dispersion region. It is also demonstrated that the 20 nm change of pump results in a 280 nm broadband shift of soliton and the further red-shift of soliton is limited by OH-absorption at 1380 nm.

百兆赫兹重频的轨道角动量模式飞秒光纤激光器

轨道角动量(orbital angular momentum,OAM)模式激光器在大容量通信系统、激光加工、微粒子操作、量子光学领域研究有潜在应用价值.OAM模式飞秒光纤激光器具有结构简单、成本低、峰值功率高等优势而被重点研究.当前OAM模式飞秒光纤激光器在重复频率、脉冲宽度、光谱宽度等关键参数上分别都有突破,但性能难以兼得,且重复频率目前在数十MHz.本文基于模式相位匹配原理,制作了大带宽的模式耦合器,结合非线性偏振旋转锁模机理,通过优化腔内的色散,搭建了百兆赫兹重复频率的OAM模式飞秒光纤激光器.实验结果表明,一阶OAM模式光纤激光器的重复频率可达113.6 MHz,脉冲半高全宽98 fs,10 d B带宽可达101 nm;二阶OAM模式光纤激光器的重复频率可达114.9 MHz,脉冲半高全宽60 fs,10 d B带宽可达100 nm.相对于已报道的方案,本文报道的方案在重复频率、脉宽和光谱宽度等关键参数上综合性能较好,有望更广泛地应用于OAM通信、粒子操控等研究领域.

基于光纤传感航天器神经网络与数字孪生研究

文中设计了一种掺杂Al_(2)O_(3)、Y_(2)O_(3)、P_(2)O_(5)的新型石英光纤,制作的光纤成品纤芯折射率类线性分布。通过飞秒激光直写技术,在光纤上刻写出光纤Bragg光栅,制作出光栅串。将多根光栅串布设在航天器卫星模型上,形成航天器智能蒙皮,用于感知卫星结构损伤状态。基于上述测量数据,使用unity3D软件开发航天器的3D模型及相匹配的python程序对数据进行处理,实现航天器的数字孪生和状态感知。进一步通过模型建立和BP神经网络算法对传感数据进行感知训练,模型对撞击信号的预测准确率高达90%。

飞秒激光表面织构化对CFRP/2060铝锂合金高速激光连接接头剪切性能的影响

激光表面织构化作为提高异质结构接头剪切性能的有效手段,已广泛应用于碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)与金属材料激光连接领域中。采用波长515 nm的飞秒激光在2060铝锂合金表面制备微结构,采用能量密度分布均匀的矩形光斑实现CFRP和2060铝锂合金异质接头的高速光纤激光连接,探讨飞秒激光刻蚀深度、扫描线间距对异质结构接头剪切强度的影响规律。结果表明,通过飞秒激光织构化处理,异质接头剪切强度得到了大幅提升,接头破坏形式均为界面断裂和基体断裂的混合断裂模式。在激光功率5 kW、焊接速度高达3.6 m/min条件下,接头平均剪切强度可达35.7 MPa,是未经飞秒激光织构化接头的2.3倍。

飞秒激光直写光纤光栅进展及光谱优化方法研究

光纤光栅传统的制备方法为紫外曝光法和CO_(2)激光法。紫外曝光法具有操作简单,容易对准等优势,但通常需要对光纤进行载氢增敏处理且高温下折射率调制容易被擦除,难以在极端环境下实现应用价值。CO_(2)激光法通常用于长周期光纤光栅的制备,测量灵敏度容易受到高温的影响。针对传统光纤光栅制备方法存在的问题,飞秒激光刻写技术随之出现,大致被分为飞秒激光直写法、飞秒激光全息干涉法和飞秒激光相位掩模法。其中,飞秒激光直写法具备刻写效率高、脉冲能量要求低等特点,还能根据传感需求调制中心波长、光栅间距、光栅长度等。此外,飞秒激光直写法的实验装置简单,不需要相位掩膜板控制光栅周期。飞秒激光直写的光纤光栅具有折射率调制灵活、高温性能好、机械强度高等优点,已在传感器、激光器等多种光学器件中广泛应用。文章简要介绍飞秒激光直写光纤光栅的工作原理及典型写制方法,总结了飞秒激光逐点、逐线、逐面三种直写方法的国内外研究进展;从制备效率、光谱质量等方面对比分析了三种直写方法的优缺点;详细分析和讨论了光谱优化方法,包括激光脉冲能量、光栅长度、光纤类型、光束整形和光栅切趾,为获得高反射峰、窄3 dB带宽、低插入损耗的高质量光纤光栅奠定基础。最后展望了飞秒激光直写光纤光栅的发展趋势和应用前景。

High-power mid-infrared femtosecond master oscillator power amplifier Er:ZBLAN fiber laser system

High-power femtosecond mid-infrared(MIR)lasers are of vast importance to both fundamental research and applications.We report a high-power femtosecond master oscillator power amplifier laser system consisting of a singlemode Er:ZBLAN fiber mode-locked oscillator and pre-amplifier followed by a large-mode-area Er:ZBLAN fiber main amplifier.The main amplifier is actively cooled and bidirectionally pumped at 976 nm,generating a slope efficiency of 26.9%.Pulses of 8.12 W,148 fs at 2.8μm with a repetition rate of 69.65 MHz are achieved.To the best of our knowledge,this is the highest average power ever achieved from a femtosecond MIR laser source.Such a compact ultrafast laser system is promising for a wide range of applications,such as medical surgery and material processing.

Nonlinear chirped pulse amplification for a 100-W-class GHz femtosecond all-fiber laser system at 1.5μm

In this work,we present a high-power,high-repetition-rate,all-fiber femtosecond laser system operating at 1.5μm.This all-fiber laser system can deliver femtosecond pulses at a fundamental repetition rate of 10.6 GHz with an average output power of 106.4 W–the highest average power reported so far from an all-fiber femtosecond laser at 1.5μm,to the best of our knowledge.By utilizing the soliton-effect-based pulse compression effect with optimized pre-chirping dispersion,the amplified pulses are compressed to 239 fs in an all-fiber configuration.Empowered by such a high-power ultrafast fiber laser system,we further explore the nonlinear interaction among transverse modes LP01,LP11 and LP21 that are expected to potentially exist in fiber laser systems using large-mode-area fibers.The intermodal modulational instability is theoretically investigated and subsequently identified in our experiments.Such a high-power all-fiber ultrafast laser without bulky free-space optics is anticipated to be a promising laser source for applications that specifically require compact and robust operation.

飞秒光纤光栅高温测量方法研究

为了实现高温环境下温度的准确测量,利用飞秒激光制备的光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Gratings,FBG)杰出的热稳定性,提出一种基于飞秒光纤光栅的高温测量方法。利用光纤热光系数、热膨胀系数与温度之间的依赖关系,建立了FBG中心波长-温度模型;由于该模型不存在解析解,利用单点中心波长-温度特解和四次多项式拟合温度-中心波长工作曲线。基于该工作曲线和预退火(1000℃,20 h)FBG在常温至900℃范围内进行温度测量实验,结果表明最大测量偏差不超过±2℃。本方法仅需标定单点中心波长-温度即可实现宽温度范围内的温度准确测量,简洁有效,在航空航天、核电冶金等领域中具有重要的研究和应用价值。

Kevlar-29材料的飞秒激光制孔形貌及性能研究

为提升飞秒激光加工芳纶纤维复合材料制孔质量,优化制孔加工参数,进行了制孔试验。用共聚焦显微镜与超景深显微镜观察圆孔边沿形貌,并测量了热影响区大小。分析了激光功率、扫描速度和重复频率对圆孔的形貌、热影响区大小以及几何精度的影响,对比了激光制孔与机械制孔后材料的拉伸强度。研究发现,一定参数范围内,激光功率增加、重复频率降低或扫描速度减小使热影响区尺寸整体上逐渐变大。但激光功率不足导致的烧蚀不充分也会产生较大的热影响区与表面损伤。热影响区最优状态对应的激光参数为激光功率5 W,扫描速度1050 mm/s,重复频率200 kHz。对比传统机械加工,飞秒激光加工后材料的拉伸强度波动性更小。结果表明,芳纶纤维复合材料的飞秒激光制孔加工不是完全的“冷”加工,由于芳纶纤维导热性差,热量累积造成纤维及纤维周边基材的热损伤,仍会导致较小的热影响区产生。采用合适激光参数的飞秒激光对芳纶纤维复合材料进行制孔加工,能有效提升制孔质量,满足相关领域精度和强度的要求。

基于狭缝整形的低损耗飞秒光纤光栅制备

为了解决飞秒激光逐点法制备的光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Gratings,FBG)损耗较高的问题,利用逐面法完成飞秒光纤光栅制备的实验研究。运用高斯光束传播的基本理论,通过狭缝整形技术对聚焦的飞秒激光能量分布进行等高宽整形,突破在光纤横截面内诱导产生圆形折射率调制的难点,最终制备得到低损耗的飞秒光纤光栅。开展不同狭缝宽度制备FBG的光谱特性对比实验,结果表明:利用光斑直径为5.0 mm的飞秒激光光束刻写FBG时,采用宽度为1.7 mm的狭缝制备得到的FBG插入损耗降低至0.15 dB,短波损耗降低至0.5 dB,验证了基于狭缝整形的低损耗飞秒光纤光栅制备方法的有效性。针对狭缝法制备的FBG反射率分散问题,提出控制折射率匹配液填充量以及调整飞秒激光能量的方法,并优化光束聚焦流程,成功降低FBG反射率的分散度。本研究对推动飞秒光纤光栅在大容量、高链路损耗等环境中的实际应用具有重要意义。

75-femtosecond all-fiber ultrashort pulse laser

We report the direct generation of 75-femosecond pulses from a stretched-pulse fiber ring laser using the nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locking mechanism. As the gain media in the laser,the high-doped erbium-doped fiber working at positive dispersion was used to compensate the negative dispersion of standard single mode fiber. Under a 125 mW pump power,the average output power was higher than 15 mW,with a 25.9 MHz repetition rate and 53 nm spectrum width. Meanwhile,the pulse energy was greatly improved,which could reach 0.6 nJ. The laser easily achieved mode-locking and ran stably at room temperature. All-fiber construction makes it compactable and portable.

光纤飞秒激光五倍频产生206 nm深紫外激光

深紫外飞秒激光兼具深紫外激光单光子能量高和飞秒激光峰值功率高的优势,这使得深紫外飞秒激光在半导体晶圆检测和角分辨光电子能谱等领域被广泛应用,但是色散导致的群速度失配使得深紫外飞秒激光的输出变得十分困难,本文基于掺镱光纤飞秒激光器,实现了一种基于延迟线的深紫外飞秒激光脉冲产生方案.通过优化延迟线精确补偿时间走离,基于掺镱飞秒光纤激光五倍频获得了重复频率为1 MHz、中心波长为206 nm的深紫外飞秒激光输出,其平均功率102 mW,从近红外到深紫外的转换效率为4.25%.

Experimental studies of high order soliton compression effect and gain characteristics in femtosecond laser pulses E_r^(3+)-doped fiber amplifier

Seed laser pulses with average power of 146 pW and pulse duration of 480 fs were amplified to 14.5 mW. The pulse duration was compressed to 260 fs using 6 m high concentration Er3+ -doped fiber under forward pumping. The amplified signal pulse energy was 0.691 nJ (corresponding to a peak power of 2 657.7 W) and the repetition rate was 20.84 MHz. Spectrum breakup was observed simultaneously. The spectrum of pulses amplified by 3 m Er3+ -doped fiber remains a single peak under different pump power. The amplified pulse duration was compressed abnormally with the increasing pump power using the backward pumping; that is, the amplified pulses were compressed with the increasing pump power under low pump power. When the pump power reached 38 mW, the shortest amplified pulse duration was 309 fs. With further increase in pump power, the amplified pulses began broadening, accompanied by a single peak spectrum under different pump power.

基于飞秒激光直写的高折射率光纤光栅传感器

该文提出了一种基于飞秒激光直写的高灵敏度光纤光栅折射率传感器,同时测量了传感器的温度及轴向应变特性。采用波长为800 nm的飞秒激光刻写了周期为150μm,周期数为50,栅区长度为7.5 mm的长周期光栅。该传感器在折射率测量实验中的灵敏度最高可达1605 nm/RIU,在30~330℃,温度灵敏度达到76.52 nm/℃,传感器的稳定性良好且对应变不敏感,鲁棒性优良。这种基于飞秒激光直写的长周期光纤光栅,其折射率灵敏度较高,耐高温,具有广泛的应用前景。

High temperature-sensitivity sensor based on long period fiber grating inscribed with femtosecond laser transversal-scanning method

We propose a high temperature-sensitive long period fiber grating（LPFG） sensor fabricated by using the femtosecond laser transversal-scanning method. The femtosecond pulses scan over the whole fiber core and some part of the cladding region; the modified regions are more extended. It is found that the LPFG-I fabricated by the transversal-scanning method shows higher temperature sensitivity and better temperature uniformity than that of LPFG-II written by the femtosecond laser point-by-point method. The LPFG-I with a temperature sensitivity of 75.96 pm/°C in the range of 25°C–400°C is measured. Moreover, in the range from 400°C to 800°C, a higher temperature sensitivity of 148.64 pm/°C and good linearity of 0.99 are achieved, while the temperature sensitivity of LPFG-II is only 95.55 pm/°C. LPFG-I exhibits better temperature characteristics, which, to the best of our knowledge, has the highest sensitivity in silica fiber temperature sensors.

Femtoseconds soliton mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser based on nickel oxide nanoparticle saturable absorber

We demonstrate a femtosecond mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser（EDFL） using a nickel oxide（Ni O） as a saturable absorber（SA）. Ni O nanoparticles are hosted into polyethylene oxide film and attached to fiber ferrule in the laser cavity. The Ni O-SA shows a 39% modulation depth with a 0.04 MW∕cm^2 saturation intensity. Our ring laser cavity based on erbium-doped active fiber with managed intracavity dispersion has the ability to generate ultrashort pulses with a full width at half-maximum（FWHM） of around 2.85 nm centered at 1561.8 nm.The pulses repeat at a frequency of 0.96 MHz and duration of 950 fs.

Ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography with femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser and photonic crystal fiber

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) with ultrahigh axial resolution was achieved by the super-contin-uum generated by coupling femtosecond pulses from a commercial Ti:sapphire laser into an air-silica microstructure fiber. The visible spectrum of the super-continuum from 450 to 700 nm centered at 540 nm can be generated. A free-space axial OCT resolution of 0.64 μm was achieved. The sensitivity of OCT system was 108 dB with incident light power 3 mW at sample,only 7dB below the theoretical limit. Subcellular OCT imaging was also demonstrated,showing great potential for biomedical application.