Temperature Compensation for Double Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

A novel double fiber Bragg grating（FBG） strain sensor configuration is presented. Temperature compensation method is based on double FBG moored on a rhombus frame. Through the theoretical analysis, the relation between relative shift of Bragg wavelength and the strain applied on the sensor is obtained, and the analytical expression of strain sensitivity coefficient is also given. The experiment results show that： in the strain range of 0-0. 8 mm, the relation between the relative shift of Bragg wavelength and applied strain is linear, and the dispersion of double FBG wavelength at the range of -25℃- 60℃ is 0-0. 002 nm. The strain sensitivity of the displacement sensor configuration is 0. 171 nm/με, and is nearly twice than that of single FBG sensor.

Active temperature compensation design of sensor with fiber gratings

A technique for compensation of temperature effects in fiber grating sensors is reported. For strain sensors and other sensors related to strain such as electromagnetic sensors, a novel structure is designed, which uses two fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as strain differential sensor and has temperature effects cancelled. Using this technique, the stress sensitivity has been amplified and gets up to 0.226 nm/N, the total variation in wavelength difference within the range of 3-45 °C is 0.03 nm, 1/14 of the uncompensated FBG. The structure can be used in the temperature-insensitive static strain measurement and minor-vibration measurement.

An Adjustable Pure Dispersion Slope Compensating-Module without Center Wavelength Shift Based on Strain-Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings

We demonstrate an adjustable pure dispersion slope compensating-module based on strain-chirped fiber Bragg gratings. The center wavelength of the module is preserved while the pure dispersion slope is tuned.

Temperature Compensation Fiber Bragg Grating Pressure Sensor Based on Plane Diaphragm

Pressure sensors are the essential equipments in the field of pressure measurement. In this work, we propose a temperature compensation fiber Bragg grating （FBG） pressure sensor based on the plane diaphragm. The plane diaphragm and pressure sensitivity FBG （PS FBG） are used as the pressure sensitive components, and the temperature compensation FBG （TC FBG） is used to improve the temperature cross-sensitivity. Mechanical deformation model and deformation characteristics simulation analysis of the diaphragm are presented. The measurement principle and theoretical analysis of the mathematical relationship between the FBG central wavelength shift and pressure of the sensor are introduced. The sensitivity and measure range can be adjusted by utilizing the different materials and sizes of the diaphragm to accommodate different measure environments. The performance experiments are carried out, and the results indicate that the pressure sensitivity of the sensor is 35.7pm/MPa in a range from 0MPa to 50MPa and has good linearity with a linear fitting correlation coefficient of 99.95%. In addition, the sensor has the advantages of low frequency chirp and high stability, which can be used to measure pressure in mining engineering, civil engineering, or other complex environment.

Packaging and Temperature Compensation of Fiber Bragg Grating for Strain Sensing： A Survey

During last decades, sensor elements based on the fiber Bragg grating （FBG） have been widely studied and developed due to the advantages of immunity to electromagnetic interference, compact size, high precision, and so on. The FBG itself is sensitive to axial strain and temperature variation directly and can indirectly measure these complex physical parameters, such as pressure, displacement, and vibration, by using some specially designed elastic structures to convert them into the axial strain of the FBG. Whether the FBG is fixed on the measured object to measure the strain directly or fixed on an elastic structure body to measure other physical quantities, these types of FBGs could be collectively called as strain sensing FBGs. The packaging of the FBG has important influence on FBG characteristics that directly affect the measurement accuracy, such as strain transfer, temperature characteristic, and spectral shape. This paper summarizes the packaging methods and corresponding temperature compensation methods of the currently reported strain sensing FBGs, focusing especially on fully pasted FBG, pre-stretched FBG with double-end fixed, and metallic packaging. Furthermore, the advantages and drawbacks of different packaging methods have been analyzed, which can provide a reference for future researches.

Efficiently Writing Bragg Grating in High-Birefringence Elliptical Microfiber for Label-Free Immunosensing with Temperature Compensation

Immunosensor is a powerful tool in healthcare and clinic,food and drug industry,and environmental protection.Label-free fiber-optic immunosensors have shown a myriad of advantages,such as high sensitivity,anti-electromagnetic interference,and afield measurement via the fiber network.However,the fiber-optic based sensor may bear the temperature cross-talk,especially under the warming condition for bio-activating the immune molecules.In this study,we proposed a highly birefringent microfiber Bragg grating for immunosensing with the temperature-compensation.The birefringent microfiber was drawn from the elliptical cladding multimode fiber that was ablated by the CO2 laser.The considerably large energy overlap region offered by the original multimode fiber favored the efficient inscription of FBG with high reflectivity.The dual reso-nances derived by the orthogonal polarization states presented similar temperature responsivities but significantly different ambient refractive index sensitivities,allowing the temperature-compensational RI sensing.The human immunoglobulin G(IgG)molecules were anchored on the surface of the microfiber grating probe by the covalent functionalization technique to enable the specific detection of the anti-IgG molecule.The proposed method promises a high-efficiency and low-cost design for the microfiber Bragg grating-based biosensor without being subjected to the temperature cross-sensitivity.

An active temperature compensated fiber Bragg grating vibration sensor for high-temperature application

An active temperature compensated fiber Bragg grating(FBG)vibration sensor with a constant section cantilever beam is proposed for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and vibration,and the sensor is verified by a temperature compensation feedback system.The high-temperature vibration sensor is composed of a quartz cantilever beam and a femtosecond Bragg grating.The feedback control demodulation system of active temperature compensation can adjust the laser wavelength to stabilize the grating offset point and realize simultaneous measurement of temperature and vibration.On this basis,the performance of the sensor is tested and analyzed within the range of 20-400℃by setting up a high-temperature vibration test system.The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the sensor is about 132.33 mV/g,and the nonlinearity is about 3.33%.The sensitivity between the laser wavelength and temperature is about 0.01307 nm/℃.In addition,the active temperature compensated fiber Bragg grating vibration sensor has the advantages of a simple structure,stable performance,easy demodulation and high sensitivity.Moreover,the sensor can achieve high temperature vibration signal monitoring and has good practical application value.

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array System Based on Digital Phase Generated Carrier Demodulation and Reference Compensation Method

A novel fiber Bragg grating （FBG） sensor array system based on digital phase generated carrier （PGC） demodulation and reference compensation method is proposed and set up. Experimental results confirm that the digital PGC demodulation can be used for wavelength-division-multiplexed FBG sensor array and the reference compensation method can reduce the environmental interference by approximately 40 dB in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 kHz. The minimum detectable wavelength-shift of the sensor system is 1 × 10^-3 pm/Hz^1/2.

Temperature Compensated Solution Concentration Measurement Based on a Cascaded SMS/LPFG Fiber Structure

In this paper, a hybrid optical fiber structure for solution concentration measurement with the temperature compensation is proposed. The structure consists of long period fiber grating (LPFG) and single mode-multimode-single mode (SMS) fiber structures. The sensing mechanism of the device is studied and verified by experiments. LPFG is sensitive to solution concentration and is affected by temperature crosstalk. SMS structure is not affected by solution concentration, but sensitive to ambient temperature. It can be used as a temperature compensation system. The sensitivity coefficients of LPFG and SMS on temperature and concentration were measured experimentally, and a dual-wavelength matrix was established to realize simultaneous measurement of solution temperature and concentration.

高速精确的光纤光栅信号解调方案设计

为提升光纤光栅的应用效果,为此,设计高速精确的光纤光栅信号解调方案。依据LPFG的光纤光栅信号解调原理,设计两个LPFG双边缘滤波器处理两路反射光,并且利用光电探测器探测光功率结果,以此解调光栅的中心波长;采用光纤干涉仪检测解调频率,对其进行正反扫描,依据光传播时延引起的解调误差和解调频率扫描方向之间的关联,完成解调结果补偿。测试结果显示:该方案具有较好可行性,光谱发生不同程度重叠时,光纤光栅信号的解调结果标准差均小于1.85 pm;光栅波长的解调误差均在-5~5 pm之间;有效降低解调误差,提升光纤光栅解调精度,可靠获取信号中的信息。

压杆式光纤光栅位移传感器的研制

基于光纤弹性应变与圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧轴向变形的传递机理,提出了一种压杆式光纤光栅位移传感器。推导出波长漂移与压簧自由端位移的关系式,采取光纤光栅两端夹持的应变传递封装,结合压簧、弹簧管与紧定装置组成弹性转换结构,采用线径0.6 mm,中径6 mm,有效圈数14的压簧元件制备了传感器原型,并对其静态性能和温度响应特性进行了标定试验研究。结果表明:在15 mm的量程内,传感器的位移灵敏度为451.36 pm/mm,线性度为0.69%,重复性为1.54%,迟滞性为1.13%;应变、温补光栅的温度灵敏度分别为10.15,19.18 pm/℃,误差分别为1.39%,1.50%,具有良好的温度补偿效果。

基于夹持粘贴式的光纤光栅传感器力热耦合测试

针对力热耦合环境中对结构件应变测试的准确获取问题,提出一种基于夹持粘贴式与温度补偿解耦的裸光纤光栅传感器应变测试方法。首先,通过有限元分析对比夹持粘贴式、表面粘贴式两种与基材集成方式的应变传递率,两者应变传递率分别为99.47%与95.8%;然后,以光纤胶粘应变传递理论及有限元仿真分析不同标距比对夹持粘贴式光纤光栅传感器应变传递率的影响,发现随着标距比增加,应变传递率逐渐衰减。基于粘贴形式与标距比分析结果,选取标距比为1的夹持式裸光纤光栅与基材粘贴集成为试验件,同时集联一条裸光纤光栅温度传感器,在完成对光纤光栅温度/应变标定测试后,进行100~250℃、3 000με范围内的试验件梯度高温拉伸测试。实验结果表明,利用温度补偿法解耦出光纤光栅传感器测量的应变结果与标准高温应变片结果的平均相对误差最大值为2.26%。该研究结果对高温下光纤光栅传感器应变测量与集成的工程应用具有一定参考意义。

基于极限学习机的光纤光栅传感器温度补偿方法研究

针对光栅传感器在高温下输出呈现非线性变化的问题,建立了融入ELM极限学习机的非线性模型,应用建立的模型根据温度补偿光栅的输出信号预测实验温度,并进一步得出相应温度下压力敏感光栅的输出,解决光栅压力传感器高温下的温度补偿问题,实验结果证明该模型可较好解决高温Bragg压力传感器的温度补偿问题,ELM极限学习机的预测与实际结果偏差较小,检测误差最大仅1.231%FS。

基于FBG的高温压力传感器设计与校准

针对弹药热安全检测中压力检测的需求,设计了一种基于光纤光栅的高温压力传感器。通过深入研究传感构型的弹性形变对光纤光栅输出信号波长的影响和作用机制,设计了传感器封装模型结构,并对其内部参数进行了优化设计。应用有限元建立了传感器封装结构的三维立体模型,通过对模型施加10 MPa载荷,实现了模型的受压仿真,仿真结果验证了传感器压力转换结构设计的合理性。同时以薄板小挠度变形理论为基础,计算出传感器的理论压力灵敏度,设计了传感器的温度补偿方式,进行了不同温度环境下的压力校准实验,得出了传感器在不同温度的压力灵敏度变化趋势,证明了该传感器在100~450℃环境压力测量以及温度补偿方法的有效性。

基于光纤光栅的杆型二维振动传感器

为了实现两个方向的振动信号检测,提出了一种以杆为弹性结构的二维光纤光栅振动传感器。首先对该传感器进行了理论分析,并推导出其固有频率和灵敏度公式。然后对传感器结构进行了优化仿真,确定各个参数的最终值。最后通过实验研究了传感器的各项性能。实验结果表明,该传感器在x方向上的固有频率为493Hz,灵敏度为54pm/g,线性度为99.9%;在y方向上的固有频率为466Hz,灵敏度为5pm/g,线性度为97.5%。此外,采用双光纤光栅消除了温度对振动信号测量的影响,温度灵敏度为0.1pm/℃。该传感器结构简单,可检测两个方向的振动信号,消除了温度的影响,在振动信号检测中表现良好,因此在多维振动信号检测领域具有重要研究意义。

基于光纤光栅传感器温度补偿的低温应变测量方法研究

针对低温结构应变难以精确可靠测量的问题,采用两端粘贴工艺制备了耐低温胶封装FBG应变传感器并通过低温单轴拉伸试验研究了其应变响应特性,理论推导了考虑光纤热光系数的温度补偿算法并通过低温温度响应试验分析了其准确性,最后应用于LNG球阀球体低温应变测量。封装工艺不改变FBG反射光谱形状,低温下传感器呈良好线性、重复性和稳定性,温度补偿算法有效提高了温度变化引起的应变测量精度,实现了低至液氮温区的球体应变监测。研究表明,耐低温胶封装FBG应变传感器结合考虑热光系数的温度补偿算法为LNG球阀等低温结构的应变测量提供了一种有效方法。

具有温度自补偿的保偏光纤布拉格光栅多参量传感器的设计与制备

多参量的动态检测对于隧道、桥梁和管道等结构疲劳损伤的预测具有重要意义,开发一种高灵敏度、环境友好、低成本和易于操作的多参量动态检测技术一直是业界追求的目标.为了克服目前基于光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)的多参量传感器结构和原理复杂、制作成本高等问题,本文基于保偏光纤布拉格光栅(PM-FBG)设计并制作了一种结构简单且高灵敏度,单点可同时测量多个参量的新型传感器.该传感器通过传感臂可以同时测量某一点在两个垂直方向上的位移和扭转变化,并具有温度自补偿功能.实验结果表明:该传感器的快轴和慢轴对于温度的响应不同,其线性灵敏度分别为11.4 pm/℃和10.6 pm/℃,温度补偿系数为0.8 pm/℃,平均扭转灵敏度为0.20 dB/(°);该传感器的快轴和慢轴对位移/弯曲的响应相同,线性灵敏度为31.5 pm/mm.当改变传感器周围的温度场,其位移和扭转传感性能不受影响,可实现3个参量的同时测量.本文研制的PM-FBG新型多参量传感器可以保证高精度的温度、位移和扭转测量,同时具有较低的制作成本,有望为多参量动态检测提供一种新的手段.

基于双金属结构的光纤光栅温度不敏感滤波器

为提高光纤陀螺宽谱光源的平均波长稳定性,提出了一种用60μm超短光纤光栅制作带宽11.77 nm温度不敏感滤波器的方法。利用金属材料的热膨胀系数差,设计了双金属温度补偿结构,能够随温度的升高/降低对光纤光栅压缩/拉伸,有效地补偿光纤光栅由热光效应引起的波长变化。在30~60℃的温度范围内,光纤光栅的温度灵敏度系数为0.15 pm/℃,较未补偿前降低了60倍以上。该结构具有较好的温度不敏感性,可作为光源滤波器提高光源的平均波长稳定性并有望用于高精度光纤陀螺。

基于聚合物薄膜的光纤Bragg光栅甲醇传感器

为了稳定准确地检测甲醇蒸汽浓度,该文提出了一种基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)薄膜的光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)甲醇传感器。首先使用氢氟酸腐蚀部分包层,在栅区表面涂覆一层PMMA薄膜;然后构建测量系统,建立了传感器检测甲醇蒸汽的理论模型;最后引入温度补偿单元,消除温度对甲醇蒸汽浓度测量产生的影响。实验研究了PMMA薄膜厚度和温湿度对传感器灵敏度的影响,测试了传感器的响应时间、选择敏感性和检测下限。研究结果表明,在甲醇质量浓度为20~160 mg/L时,传感器的中心波长漂移与浓度间具有线性关系(线性系数R2=0.992)。在温度20~40℃,相对湿度40%~80%时,传感器能够准确检测甲醇蒸汽浓度的变化,其灵敏度为0.292 pm/(mg·L^(-1)),相对误差为9.3%,检测下限为20 mg/L。