Relationship between rheological manufacturing process and optical performance of optical fiber coupler

Through theoretical analysis and experiments, the viscoelastic mechanical model of optical fiber coupler in the process of fused biconical taper was established, and the numerical analysis in non-uniform temperature field was made. The results show that the rheological parameters, such as drawing speed and fused temperature, have a tremendous influence on stress distribution and performance of optical fiber coupler, especially the influence of fused temperature. The change of fused temperature by 5℃ can lead to the change of the maximum stress by 30% and stress difference by 20% in the same cross section. The change of temperature gradient by 3% can result in the change of stress difference by 90%. In the present condition of rheological technology, rheological defects such as crystallizations and microcracks are easy to generate in the optical fiber coupler.

Experimental measurement and numerical analysis of fused taper shape for optical fiber coupler

To find out the effect of the shape of fused taper region on the optical fiber coupler, the fiber couplers were fabricated at different drawing speeds with a six-axes fiber coupler machine. The results, which were obtained fi＇om the shape of fused taper region measured with microscope, show that there is a close correlation between the cone angle and optical performance of fiber coupler. High-performance fiber coupler cannot be obtained until rheological shape is controlled accurately. The numerical analysis model, which was built based on generalized Maxwell viscoelastic theory, is resolved with ANSYS software. The calculated results accord with the experimental data. It can apply a theoretic basis for forecasting the shape of fiber coupler fabricated under the conditions of different technological parameters.

Novel manufacturing method of optical fiber coupler

Based on the coupling mode theory that the coupling ratio of fiber coupler changes periodically with center distance of two optical fibers, a novel manufacturing method of optical fiber couplers was developed with fused biconical taper experimental system. Its fabrication process is that the fiber is fused but not stretched when light begins to split, and the reduction of diameter of fiber is dependent on the theological characteristic of the fused fiberglass. The performance of the coupler was tested. The results show that the performance of the novel optical fiber coupler meets the performance expectations, and its diameter of coupling region （about 30 μm） is twice as long as that of classical fused biconical taper coupler （about 16 μm）, so the default, that is, the device is easy to fracture, is restrained and the reliability is greatly improved.

Structure analysis of optical fiber coupler with infrared spectrometry

To obtain excellent performance optical fiber couplers, the structural difference of SiO2 in couplers with different manufacturing techniques was investigated. With 740-FT-IR infrared spectrometric analyzer, the infrared absorption spectrum of SiO2 in couplers at different drawing velocities was measured, and two characteristic peaks in the wavenumber range of 6502000 cm-1 were observed. One characteristic peak is at about 943 cm-1, which is （attributed） to Si—O—Si bond asymmetric stretching vibration, the other is at about 773 cm-1, which is attributed to （Si—O—Si） bond symmetric stretching vibration. From the infrared spectrum, it is found that the intensity and wavenumber of the characteristic peaks are related to the manufacturing technique of couplers. The characteristic peak at （about） 943 cm-1 becomes steeper when increasing the drawing velocity. At the drawing velocity of 150 μm/s, the distance between the two characteristic peaks is maximum, and then the optical fiber coupler has excellent performance, indicating that the performance of the optical fiber coupler has a close relationship with the wavenumber of the two characteristic peaks.

Effect of technological parameters on optical performance of fiber coupler

To find out the influence of technological parameters on optical performance of fused optical fiber device, the fiber coupler was served as subject investigated by using the fused biconical taper machining as experimental setup. Fused fiber coupler's optical performances such as insertion loss, excess loss, directivity and uniformity were tested with the optical test system that was constituted of tunable laser and optical spectrum analyzer. Especially the relationship between optical performance and drawing speed was investigated. The experimental results show that the optical performance is closely related to process conditions. At fused temperature of 1 200 ℃, there exists a drawing speed of 150 μms, which makes the device's performance optimum. Out of this speed region, the optical performance drops quickly. At drawing speed of 200 μms, the excess loss is relatively small when the fused temperature is above 1 200 ℃. So the technological parameters have close relationship with optical performance of the coupler, and the good performance coupler can't get until the drawing speed and fused temperature match accurately.

Low Cost Acrylic-Based 1×2 Asymmetric Plastic Optical Fiber Coupler for Optical Code Generating Devices

An optical code generating device has been developed based on a 1×2 asymmetric plastic optical fiber （POF） coupler. The code generating device provides a unique series of output power which are successively used as an optical code in a portable optical access-card system. The device utilizing a tap-off ratio （TOFR） technique based on a simple variation of the tap width of an asymmetric Y-branch splitter, allows various ratios of optical power to be generated. The POF coupler has been fabricated using low cost acrylic material and computer numerical control （CNC） machining technique. The simulated and fabricated results show the same linear characteristics between the TOFR and the tap width. The fabricated device enables a variation of the TOFR from 10% up to 50% for a tap width of 500 um to 1 mm.

Real-Time 4-Mode MDM Transmission Using Commercial 400G OTN Transceivers and All-Fiber Mode Multiplexers

Weakly-coupled mode division multiplexing(MDM)technique is considered a promising candidate to enhance the capacity of an optical transmission system,in which mode multiplexers/demultiplexers(MMUX/MDEMUX)with low insertion loss and modal crosstalk are the key components.In this paper,a low-modal-crosstalk 4-mode MMUX/MDEMUX for the weakly-coupled triple-ring-core few-mode fiber(TRC-FMF)is designed and fabricated with side-polishing processing.The measurement results show that a pair of MMUX/MDEMUX and 25 km weakly-coupled TRC-FMF MDM link achieve low modal crosstalk of lower than−17.5 dB and insertion loss of lower than 11.56 dB for all the four modes.Based on the TRC-FMF and all-fiber MMUX/MDEMUX,an experiment for 25 km real-time 4-mode 3-λwavelength division multiplexing(WDM)-MDM transmission is conducted using commercial 400G optical transport network(OTN)transceivers.The experimental results prove weakly-coupled MDM techniques facilitate a smooth upgrade of the optical transmission system.

Hybrid Optical Comb Filter with Multi-Port Fiber Coupler for DWDM Optical Network

Optical comb filters based on multi-port fused fiber couplers are proposed and numerically analyzed, 3-arm MZI composed by 1×7 fiber splitter and 3×3 fiber coupler, and 2-stage cascaded FIR type MZI interleave filter.

利用WDM光纤耦合器的光纤光栅传感解调技术

根据 WDM 光纤耦合器波长解调方案的工作原理、偏振特性以及影响系统波长分辨力的因素,提出一种改进的利用 WDM 光纤耦合器的光纤光栅传感解调技术。该技术在原技术的基础上,采用偏振控制器控制入射光偏振状态,提高了解调的精度和稳定性。对 WDM 光纤耦合器的多次波长扫描结果表明,采用偏振控制器后,其波长误差可减小到 5pm 左右。实验采用 1540/1560nm的 WDM 光纤耦合器对单点光纤光栅应变传感器进行静态解调,结果表明:按此技术开发的解调系统具有 0.01nm 波长分辨力和 10nm 的波长线性解调范围。

光脉冲光纤周期复制技术研究

针对常用的多路高速光脉冲复制系统可能的实现形式进行了研究,根据各种应用中所需的插入损耗、输出脉冲周期性与功率稳定性等性能要求,对多种光纤光脉冲复制结构的特点进行了分析比较。通过对各种结构的输出脉冲功率、周期性及其影响因素的理论分析,论述了使各种结构的输出脉冲优化的可能性与方法。指出了有源循环式光纤延迟脉冲复制器适合于产生重复周期准确、输出功率大的光脉冲序列。

熔锥型单模光纤耦合器模型的优化研究

在弱导和弱耦合近似条件下,对光纤耦合器的几何形状做近似处理,并采用连续函数进行描述。根据Snyderd的局部模式理论,采用三角波与高斯波的变系数叠加函数对光纤耦合器纵向各区域的光模场分布进行描述。利用局部模耦合理论和变分法计算分析光纤耦合器纵向各区域的传播常数和耦合系数,讨论耦合系数与结构参数和波长的关系。计算表明:光纤耦合器熔锥区对光纤耦合器中的光功率耦合行为的影响不可忽略,光纤纤芯半径和包层半径对耦合区和熔锥区的耦合系数的影响成相反趋势。因此,可以通过合理控制耦合器的结构参数,制作出宽带平坦光纤耦合器。

熔锥光纤耦合器的温度响应

在光通信技术中 ,光耦合器是一类能使传输中光信号在特殊结构的耦合区发生耦合 ,并进行再分配的器件 .本文对单模熔锥光纤耦合器的耦合比与温度的关系进行了研究 .实验表明耦合器的耦合比不但对温度变化敏感 ,而且变化有单调性 .因此 。

基于白光LED的光谱共焦位移传感器

为实现光谱共焦位移传感器的小型化、低功耗和高精度,在设计过程中选择体积小、耗电量小的白光LED作为传感器的光源,并使用光纤耦合器代替复杂的分光棱镜式光学系统结构。色散镜头采用消色差透镜与非球面透镜组合的方式,在使用较少透镜数量的情况下达到较好的像差校正能力。同时结合光强归一化等数据处理方法,消除白光LED光源光谱光强分布不均匀等因素对测量精度造成的影响,得到准确、稳定的峰值波长与位置间的对应关系。通过双频激光干涉仪对系统进行标定和测量,实验结果表明使用435~655 nm波段,系统测量范围可以达1.7 mm,平均测量精度1.8μm,满足一定的测量需求。

光纤光栅耦合器

光纤光栅耦合器是以光纤光栅和光纤耦合器为基础发展起来的一种新型器件。对光纤光栅耦合器的基本原理进行了介绍,并报道了国外研究工作的进展。

适用于硅微谐振器件测量的光纤位移传感器研究

对一种适用于硅微机械谐振器件测量的光纤位移传感器进行了研究 ,该光纤位移传感器探头采用了单根光纤探测形式和光纤“X”耦合器结构 ,在微弱光电传感信号处理上采用了“锁相放大器”提取方案 ,可以实现对静态位移和振动位移两种场合进行测量 对该传感器的实测结果表明 :该传感器测量范围为 0～ 10 0 μm ,测量灵敏度 3 95mV/μm ,精度等级优于 1% ,重复性优于0 5 % 为作为应用实例 ,运用该传感系统对一种微悬臂梁硅微谐振器件进行了测量 ,成功提取了硅微谐振器件的微弱谐振信号 ,证实了该传感器可以实现对硅微谐振器件的非接触和无损测量 ,并具有非接触、易调试。

用于光纤传像束的折—衍混合光学耦接器研究

在光学耦接器设计中引入衍射面，根据衍射光学元件的三级像差理论，分析了衍射面初始结构参量的求解规律，通过理论计算和ZEMAX光学软件的优化，给出工作波长0．4～0．7μm，焦距27．5mm，光学长度为64mm，采用一个衍射面的耦接器设计实例．该耦接嚣适用于单丝直径16μm，截面直径为6mm的光纤传像束．对设计结果的分析表明，折—衍混合耦接器不仅在光学性能方面优于传统的光学耦接器，而且在尺寸和重量上有非常显著的减少。

光纤麦克风的理论和实验研究

一种新型的反射式光纤麦克风 ,它利用反射式光纤传感探头实现声音对光的外调制。本文从理论和实验两方面研究了反射式光纤麦克风的可行性 ,并对研制的光纤麦克风系统进行了测试。利用成像原理得出了反射式光纤麦克风的光强度调制函数 ,根据薄膜振动理论得到了弹性膜片的固有频率和基频 ,Y型光纤耦合器的使用大大简化了传感器探头的结构。通过实验实现了光纤麦克风系统的预期功能。

全光纤MZI型三信道波长交错滤波器的改进

为改善全光纤三信道波长交错器的输出特性,提出了一种不对称结构的三光纤臂Mach-Zehnder干涉仪(A-MZI),这种光纤干涉仪由一个一字型3×3单模光纤耦合器和一个品字型3×3单模光纤耦合器以及三条光纤干涉臂组成,其中一字型3×3单模光纤耦合器作为输入耦合器,品字型3×3单模光纤耦合器作为输出耦合器。推导了该器件的输出表达式,并进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明,与常规的全光纤MZI型三信道波长交错器(C-MZI)相比,本文提出的交错滤波器的信道间功率旁瓣降低了约13.6dB,并且具有对器件参数偏差不敏感等优点。用光纤熔融拉锥法实验制作了该器件,实验结果与理论分析吻合得很好,实验样品的信道间功率旁瓣值<-34.6dB,插入损耗<1.0dB,信道隔离度>30dB。

光纤耦合器的理论、设计及进展

系统总结了光纤耦合器的发展历程,归纳提炼出各个阶段的标志性事件;详细阐述了光纤耦合器的耦合类型、制作方法、性能参数;详细评述了光纤耦合器的理论分析方法;全面分析了X型、星型、光栅型、混合型等各种典型光纤耦合器的基本结构、工作原理及耦合特性;指出并展望了光纤耦合器的发展方向和应用前景。作者率先提出并设计了超长周期光纤光栅耦合器,实验上实现了两个超长周期光纤光栅之间的有效耦合。

一种新型全光纤隔离器的设计

目前使用的晶体型光隔离器通常体积较大、插入损耗大且成本较高。为此,提出了一种由单模和多模光纤共同构成的混合型全光纤隔离器的设计方法。利用耦合波方程理论分析了其工作原理;采用熔融拉锥法制作工艺,完成了全光纤隔离器的制作;利用1 550 nm激光器测试了全光纤隔离器的隔离度、方向性、插入损耗;采取弯曲、扭转的方法提高了全光纤隔离器的隔离度。实验结果表明:所设计的全光纤隔离器的插入损耗比晶体型隔离器低,隔离度可与其相比拟,且这种隔离器结构相对简单、体积小、成本低。