Influence of Carbonation on Fatigue of Concrete with High Volume of Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag

The effect of carbonation on fatigue performance of ground granulated blast-furnace slag concrete was investigated. Based on the static compression tests of carbonated GGBS-concrete, the correlation between carbonation depth and compressive strength was analyzed and an equation between carbonation depth and compressive strength was put forward. Meanwhile, fatigue S-N curves of various carbonation depths were fitted, and the infl uence of carbonation on fatigue life and strength was studied. Carbonation has a dual effect on the fatigue behavior of GGBS-concrete. A fatigue equation based on the depth of carbonation was established. Also, the probabilistic distribution of fatigue life of carbonated concrete at a given stress level was modeled by the two-parameter Weibull distribution.

Properties and Mechanism on Flexural Fatigue of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete Containing Slag

Properties and mechanism were investigated on flexural fatigue of concrete containing polypropylene fibers and ground granulated blast furnace slag（GGBFS）.Four polypropylene fibers’volume fractions and five slag proportions were considered.An experiment was conducted to obtain the fatigue lives at three stress levels in 20 Hz frequency and at a constant stress level of 0.59 in four frequency respectively.Mechanism and evaluation were investigated based on the experimental data.Fatigue life span models were established.The results show that the addition of polypropylene fibers improves the flexural fatigue cumulative strength and fatigue life span.It is proposed that the slag particles and hydrated products improve Interfacial Transition Zone（ITZ）structure and benefit flexural fatigue performance.A composite reinforce effect is found with the incorporation of slag and polypropylene fibers.The optimum mixture contents 55%slag with 0.6%polypropylene fiber for the cumulative fatigue stress.Fatigue properties are decreased as the stress level increasing,the higher frequency reduces the fatigue strength more than lower frequency at a constant stress level.

Effects of Al_2O_3 nanoparticles on properties of self compacting concrete with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as binder

In this work, strength assessments and percentage of water absorption of self compacting concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag （GGBFS） and A1203 nanoparticles as binder have been investigated. Portland cement was replaced by different amounts of GGBFS and the properties of concrete specimens were investigated. Although it negatively impacts the physical and mechanical properties of concrete at early ages of curing, GGBFS was found to improve the physical and mechanical properties of concrete up to 45 wt% at later ages. A1203 nanoparticles with the average particle size of 15 nm were added partially to concrete with the optimum content of GGBFS and physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were measured. A1203 nanoparticle as a partial replacement of cement up to 3.0 wt% could accelerate C-S-H gel formation as a result of increased crystalline Ca（OH）2 amount at the early ages and hence increase strength and improve the resistance to water permeability of concrete specimens. The increase of the A1203 nanoparticles＇ content by more than 3.0 wt% would cause the reduction of the strength because of the decreased crystalline Ca（OH）2 content required for C-S-H gel formation. Several empirical relationships have been presented to predict flexural and split tensile strength of the specimens by means of the corresponding compressive strength at a certain age of curing. Accelerated peak appearance in conduction calorimetry tests, more weight loss in thermogravimetric analysis and more rapid appearance of the peaks related to hydrated products in X-ray diffraction results, all indicate that A1203 nanoparticles could improve mechanical and physical properties of the concrete specimens.

TiO_2 nanoparticles' effects on properties of concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag as binder

In the present study, compressive strength, pore structure, thermal behavior and microstrncture characteristics of concrete containing ground granulated blast furnace slag and TiO2 nanoparticles as binder were investigated. Portland cement was replaced by different amounts of ground granulated blast furnace slag and the properties of concrete specimens were investigated. Al- though it negatively impacts the properties of concrete at early ages, ground granulated blast furnace slag up to 45 wt% was found to improve the physical and mechanical properties of concrete at later ages. TiO2 nanoparticles with the average particle size of 15 nm were partially added to concrete with the optimum content of ground granulated blast furnace slag and physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were measured. TiO2 nanoparticle as a partial replacement of cement up to 3 wt% could accelerate C-S-H gel formation as a result of increased crystalline Ca（OH）2 amount at the early age of hydration and hence increase compressive strength of concrete. The increased TiO2 nanoparticles＇ content of more than 3 wt% may cause reduced compressive strength because of the decreased crystalline Ca（OH）2 content required for C-S-H gel formation and unsuitable dispersed nanoparticles in the concrete matrix. TiO2 nanoparticles could improve the pore structure of concrete and shift the distributed pores to harmless and less-harm pores.

Effects of Steel Slag Powder on Workability and Durability of Concrete

The workability and durability of a type of sustainable concrete made with steel slag powder were investigated. The hydrated products of cement paste with ground granulated blast furnace slag（GGBFS） alone or with a combined admixture of GGBFS-steel slag powder were investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD）. Furthermore, the mechanism of chemically activated steel slag powder was also studied. The experimental results showed that when steel slag powder was added to concrete, the slumps through the same time were lower. The initial and fi nal setting times were slightly retarded. The dry shrinkages were lower, and the abrasion resistance was better. The chemically activated steel slag powder could improve compressive strengths, resistance to chloride permeation and water permeation, as well as carbonization resistance. XRD patterns indicated that the activators enhanced the formation of calcium silicate hydrate（C-S-H） gel and ettringite（AFt）. This research contributes to sustainable disposal of wastes and has the potential to provide several important environmental benefi ts.

Tests on Alkali-Activated Slag Foamed Concrete with Various Water-Binder Ratios and Substitution Levels of Fly Ash

To provide basic data for the reasonable mixing design of the alkali-activated (AA) foamed concrete as a thermal insulation material for a floor heating system, 9 concrete mixes with a targeted dry density less than 400 kg/m3 were tested. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) as a source material was activated by the following two types of alkali activators: 10% Ca(OH)2 and 4% Mg(NO3)2, and 2.5% Ca(OH)2 and 6.5% Na2SiO3. The main test parameters were water-to-binder (W/B) ratio and the substitution level (RFA) of fly ash (FA) for GGBS. Test results revealed that the dry density of AA GGBS foamed concrete was independent of the W/B ratio an RFA, whereas the compressive strength increased with the decrease in W/B ratio and with the increase in RFA up to 15%, beyond which it decreased. With the increase in the W/B ratio, the amount of macro capillaries and artificial air pores increased, which resulted in the decrease of compressive strength. The magnitude of the environmental loads of the AA GGBS foamed concrete is independent of the W/B ratio and RFA. The largest reduction percentage was found in the photochemical oxidation potential, being more than 99%. The reduction percentage was 87% - 93% for the global warming potential, 81% - 84% for abiotic depletion, 79% - 84% for acidification potential, 77% - 85% for eutrophication potential, and 73% - 83% for human toxicity potential. Ultimately, this study proved that the developed AA GGBS foamed concrete has a considerable promise as a sustainable construction material for nonstructural element.

The Impact of Marine Water on Different Types of Coarse Aggregate of Geopolymer Concrete

This research studies the impact of different types of coarse aggregate on the behavior of geopolymer concrete based on both fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in different marine environments. Aiming to solve the problems caused by the construction and demolition waste and the depletion of natural aggregates, in the present study coarse recycled aggregates is used to produce new green concrete with a fly ash-slag based geopolymer. By this examination, the research seeks to improve the quality and productivity of concrete used in construction and hydraulic projects. For this research, four mixtures containing different types of coarse aggregate in two different water environments were used. The utilized mixtures contained natural aggregate concrete (NAC) such as basalt and crushed marble. Also, recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC), which totally replaced natural aggregate, was presented in this paper such as crushed concrete and crushed ceramic. For this study, in the sieve analysis;specific and unit weights, was recorded. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were determined, using a compressive test that was conducted on the 7th, 28th, 56th and 90th days at different water environments;potable water (PW) and sea water (SW). Durability test was also performed for total absorption measurement. Results indicated that geopolymer concrete exhibits better strength in marine environments than in those of potable water. Results also showed that crushed marble (CMA) exhibits higher compressive strength and durability.

钢渣粉对高强混凝土力学性能和耐久性的影响

超细矿渣是制备高强混凝土的优质矿物掺合料,但是超细矿渣水化放热量较大、凝结较快,不利于高强混凝土的强度和耐久性发展。而钢渣粉具有延缓水泥水化、降低水化放热的作用,可以充当“缓凝剂”。通过在高强混凝土中复掺钢渣粉和超细矿渣,研究了钢渣粉对高强混凝土性能的影响。结果表明复掺15%钢渣粉时初凝时间和终凝时间分别比纯水泥组延长53.0%和35.9%。同时早期强度降低,但与超细矿渣复掺后28 d和90 d强度分别为77.3 MPa和84.6 MPa,比对照组高4.3%和8.6%。此外,钢渣粉有效降低了高强混凝土的绝热温升和自收缩率。单掺15%超细矿渣时7 d自收缩率为1189.63×10^(-6),约为纯水泥组的2.5倍;复掺15%钢渣粉时自收缩率为211.62×10^(-6),比纯水泥组降低了52%。复掺钢渣粉的高强混凝土与纯水泥制备的混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性等级均为“低”。

掺粉煤灰和矿渣粉大流动度混凝土的碳化性能

研究了复掺Ⅱ级粉煤灰和同等细度矿渣粉且同时加入高效减水剂的大流动度 (约1 80mm)混凝土的抗碳化性能 .试验中改变了取代水泥量 (最大为 80 % )及掺合料中粉煤灰和矿渣粉的比例等条件 .混凝土碳化深度随时间的变化可用幂函数d =atb 表示 ,其中b值大多位于 0 .3～ 0 .4.复掺可使取代水泥量提高 .对设计寿命为 50年的混凝土 ,在其他性能满足工程要求的条件下 ,仅就碳化性能而言 ,可掺加 40 %的粉煤灰 .若采用粉煤灰与矿渣粉复掺 ,则在掺合料总掺量分别为 60 % ,70 %及 80 %时 ,相应地可掺加 40 % ,3 0 %及 1 5%的粉煤灰 .

高性能矿渣基复合掺合料的研究

矿渣粉较高的价格以及大掺量矿渣混凝土的泌水一直是其在建筑工程中大规模应用的主要障碍。本研究选用转炉钢渣粉、石灰石粉和粉煤灰作为矿渣基掺合料的辅助原料,重点考察了掺合料组成与性能之间的关系。结果表明:转炉钢渣粉具有减水增密和抵抗泌水的突出功效。石灰石粉具有一定的早强作用。粉煤灰对胶砂流动度和强度发展有不良影响,但混凝土试验结果与之有所不同。当复合10%～20%转炉钢渣的矿渣基掺合料在混凝土中的掺量高达50%时,其新拌混凝土流动性和稳定性俱佳,28d抗压强度稍优于纯矿渣粉,而生产成本可降低30%以上。实现矿渣基复合掺合料在低成本前提下高性能化的关键在于掺合料在颗粒级配上的优化以及它们对水化进程的协同促进作用。

磨细矿渣和粉煤灰对高性能砼徐变性能的影响

为研究磨细矿渣和粉煤灰对高性能混凝土徐变性能的影响,在(20±1)℃、相对湿度为(60±5)%和33%的载荷水平下,测试了不掺磨细矿渣和粉煤灰的基准混凝土及磨细矿渣等量取代水泥量为30%、50%和80%、粉煤灰等量取代水泥量为12%、30%和50%、磨细矿渣和粉煤灰双掺等量取代水泥50%时高性能混凝土的徐变度。试验结果表明:磨细矿渣掺量为30%和50%时,磨细矿渣对混凝土徐变性能的影响不明显,当磨细矿渣掺量为80%时,混凝土抵抗徐变的能力大大下降,其1年的徐变度为基准混凝土的1.74倍;粉煤灰掺量为12%和30%时,混凝土抵抗徐变的能力随其掺量提高而增强,其1年的徐变度分别为基准混凝土的76%和46.5%;粉煤灰掺量为50%时,混凝土抵抗徐变的能力没有得到改善,其1年的徐变度为基准混凝土的102%;磨细矿渣和粉煤灰总取代率为50%时,双掺的徐变度明显低于单掺磨细矿渣或粉煤灰的情况。

高性能混凝土的抗硫酸盐、镁盐侵蚀研究

结合工程实际,以在4种不同浓度的SO2-4,Mg2+侵蚀溶液中浸泡的普通水泥胶砂试件和掺矿渣微粉高性能混凝土胶砂试件为对比试件进行研究,通过测定和观察试件在浸泡期为28d、2个月、4个月、6个月、8个月、10个月、12个月的强度损失和形态形貌变化,用抗折强度和抗蚀系数来评定其抗侵蚀性能。宏观试验结果表明普通水泥胶砂试件在不同浓度的SO2-4,Mg2+侵蚀溶液中抗侵蚀性能都很差;掺矿渣微粉高性能混凝土胶砂试件抗侵蚀性能优异,在4种侵蚀溶液中侵蚀龄期均大于1年。

矿物掺合料对自密实混凝土流变性能的影响

采用新型混凝土流变仪,研究了不同矿物掺合料对新拌自密实混凝土(SCC)拌合物流变性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:随着粉煤灰的掺入,SCC拌合物的屈服剪切应力与塑性黏度逐渐降低;矿渣可使SCC拌合物的屈服剪切应力先降低再增加,触变性能显著增强;石灰石粉的掺入使SCC拌合物的屈服剪切应力及触变性均有所增大。随着静置时间延长,SCC拌合物的触变性逐渐变弱,屈服剪切应力增大,塑性黏度减小。

矿渣微粉对混凝土强度和耐久性影响的试验研究

试验研究了矿渣微粉对工程常用的C30级混凝土强度和收缩、碳化、抗渗等耐久性指标的影响。结果表明 ,掺入30～60%比表面积为425m2/kg的矿渣微粉 ,可以配制出坍落度180mm±20mm ,保水性、粘聚性俱佳 ,28d抗压强度43 8～50.7MPa且耐久性良好的混凝土 ;矿渣微粉与10～15 %的粉煤灰双掺时由于两者间的超叠效应 。

抗海水腐蚀混凝土在电化厂工业盐罐池工程中的成功应用

电化厂的盐罐池由于经常受到饱和盐水的侵蚀 ,当采用普通混凝土时在较短时间内就因氯离子腐蚀而破坏。大掺量矿渣微粉抗海水腐蚀混凝土有优越的抗氯离子腐蚀性能 ,适用于受氯离子腐蚀的工程。通过对原材料和混凝土配合比的优选 ,将大掺量矿渣微粉抗海水腐蚀混凝土成功应用于江门市电化厂工业盐罐池工程中。

磨细矿渣抗去冰盐的性能分析

为了解决冰雪造成的交通封闭 ,经常使用去冰盐加速冰雪融化 ,但带来了新的氯离子腐蚀钢筋问题。为此 ,分析了去冰盐破坏水泥混凝土路面的机理 ,采用实验室内掺氯离子压滤试验法评价和模拟水泥混凝土路面抗去冰盐腐蚀性能 。

大掺量磨细矿渣混凝土试验研究

针对挡潮闸面临的耐久性问题,系统研究大掺量磨细矿渣混凝土的物理力学性能、耐久性能和热学性能。在掺量磨细矿渣混凝土中,使用活化剂改善混凝土和易性和体积稳定性,并提高早期强度。使用强纶纤维改善大掺量磨细矿渣混凝土的抗拉与抗裂能力。配制的大掺量磨细矿渣混凝土具有优良的抗氯离子侵蚀、抗硫酸盐侵蚀、延缓钢筋锈蚀等耐久性能,并具有较高的体积稳定性和抗裂能力、低的早期放热速率和最终绝热温升。试验研究表明:大掺量磨细矿渣混凝土是解决挡潮闸结构耐久性问题的可行技术方案。

矿渣聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗弯疲劳性能

为了研究聚丙烯纤维和磨细粒化高炉矿渣(GGBFS)在不同应力水平和频率下对混凝土抗弯疲劳性能的影响,将4个配比的聚丙烯纤维和5个配比的矿渣分别掺入混凝土中,当应力水平为0.49、0.59、0.69,频率为20Hz时以及应力水平为0.59,频率为30、40、50、60Hz时测试抗弯疲劳极限强度和疲劳寿命.研究表明:累积抗弯疲劳强度能够更准确地评价混凝土抗弯疲劳性能;聚丙烯纤维可以提高混凝土累积抗弯疲劳强度和抗疲劳寿命;矿渣及其水化物使得混凝土结构密实,改善了界面过渡区(ITZ)的结构,可以提高混凝土抗弯疲劳性能;抗弯疲劳性能随着应力水平提高而下降,S-N数学模型可以用于预测20Hz频率动疲劳荷载下的矿渣聚丙烯纤维混凝土工程寿命;在一定的应力水平下,测试频率越高,抗弯疲劳性能越差,f-N数学模型可以用于预测变频率动疲劳荷载下的矿渣聚丙烯纤维混凝土工程寿命.

掺不同品种混合材的高强砼与钢纤维高强砼在冻融、冻融-氯盐同时作用下的耐久性能

采用快冻试验方法 ,研究了掺量分别为20%粉煤灰、硅灰以及磨细矿渣的高强混凝土(HSC)与钢纤维高强混凝土(SFRHSC) ,在标准养护室内浸水养护90天的抗冻性 ,以及在氯盐侵蚀与冻融循环双重因素作用下的抗冻耐久性。试验结果表明 ,在单纯冻融循环作用下 ,掺入硅灰能够提高HSC和SFRHSC的抗冻性 ,而掺磨细矿渣和粉煤灰则不能 ;在冻融循环与氯盐侵蚀同时作用下 ,掺入硅灰和磨细矿渣 ,能显著提高HSC和SFRHSC的抗冻性能 。

高温后纤维矿渣微粉混凝土的弯曲性能

通过纤维矿渣微粉混凝土在高温后的弯曲试验,探讨了温度、矿渣掺量、纤维类型与掺量、混凝土强度等级对高温后纤维矿渣微粉混凝土抗折强度和荷载-挠度曲线的影响。结合扫描电镜照片,研究了高温后纤维矿渣微粉混凝土的劣化机理。结果表明,高温后纤维矿渣微粉混凝土弯曲性能随受热温度的升高而不断劣化;钢纤维、矿渣微粉和聚丙烯纤维均会在一定程度上提高高温后混凝土的弯曲性能。通过对试验结果的统计分析,提出了在考虑温度、矿渣微粉掺量和钢纤维掺量影响下的纤维矿渣微粉混凝土抗折强度计算公式。