Spalling and Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced High-performance Concrete Subjected to Fire

Spalling and mechanical properties of FRHPC subjected to fire were tested on notched beams. The results confirm that the internal vapor pressure is the leading reason for spalling of high-performance concrete （HPC）. At the same time, the temperature-increasing velocity and constrained conditions of concrete element also play significant roles in spalling. Steel fibers cannot reduce the risk of spalling, although they have obvious beneficial effects on the mechanical properties of concrete before and after exposure to fire. Polypropylene （PP） fibers are very useful in preventing HPC from spalling, however, they have negative effects on the strengths. By using hybrid fibers （steel fibers＋PP fibers）, both good anti-spalling performance and improved mechanical properties come true, which may provide necessary safe guarantee for the rescue work and structure repair after fire disaster.

Mechanical Properties of Mo Fiber-reinforced Resin Mineral Composites with Different Mass Ratio of Resin and Hardener

Mo fibers were added to RMC with different mass ratios of resin and hardener to improve its mechanical properties. The influences of fiber surface state and hardener content on interface bonding strength and mechanical properties of RMC were studied, respectively. Furthermore, strain values of typical measuring points on samples of Mo fiber reinforced RMC(MFRRMC) under different loads were obtained by experiments and finite element analysis. The experimental results prove that scrap Mo fibers can improve interface bonding strength and mechanical properties of RMC better than new smooth Mo fibers because of the discharge pits randomly distributed on the surface of scrap fibers. With the decrease of hardener content, not only interface bonding strength between fiber and matrix, but also compression and flexural strength of MFRRMC increase firstly and then decrease. The properties are best while the mass ratio of resin and hardener reaches 4:1. It is indicated that finite element calculation data basically agree with experimental data by comparison of strain values on typical measuring points, which can provide an important intuitive reference for successive study on other mechanical properties of MFRRMC, validating the correctness of simulation method as well.

Determination of Water Diffusion Coefficients and Dynamics in Adhesive/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composite Joints

To determinate the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in adhesive/carben fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis（EDX） is used to establish the content change of oxy- gen in the adhesive in adhesive/carbon fther reinforced epoxy resin composite joints. As water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen, the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in adhesive/carben fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints can be obtained from the change in the content of oxygen in the adhesive during humidity aging, via EDX analy-sis. The authors have calculated the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in the adhesive/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints with the aid of beth energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The de- termined results with EDX analysis are almost the same as those determined with elemental analysis and the results al- so show that the durability of the adhesive/carbon fther reinforced epoxy resin composite joints subjected to silane cou- pling agent treatment is better than those subjected to sand paper burnishing treatment and chemical oxidation treat- ment.

Effect of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Using Resin Impregnation

In this paper, we deals with mechanical performance of resin impregnation with natural fiber and fiber reinforced composites. The effect of the addition of a rein impregnation process on static strength of the injection molded composites was investigated by carrying out tensile and banding tests, followed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of fiber surface and fracture surface of composites. The tensile strength of natural fiber and natural fiber reinforced composites with resin impregnation method increases with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) impregnation. In addition, Phenol resin impregnation recovers fiber tensile strength after alkali treatment. Resin impregnation causes decrease in contact surface area;however, it does not cause decrease in mechanical properties. Our results suggest that the using rein impregnation method has better effect on the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced Polypropylene (PP) composites.

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of UV⁃Assisted Filament Winding Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer⁃Matrix Composite

This paper studied the preparation and mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polymer-matrix composite rings prepared by filament winding assisted by ultraviolet(UV)curing.A ray-tracing method was used to calculate the penetration ability of UV light in the resin casting,and then a typical composite ring with dual⁃curing characteristics was prepared by UV-assisted curing.The effects of winding speed and thermal initiator concentration on the distribution of fiber fraction and mechanical properties were studied.Microscopic morphology was used for the observation of the differences in fiber volume fraction.Mechanical properties tests and scanning electron micrographs were performed to investigate the failure and damage mechanisms of the composite ring samples.The ray tracing results indicate that the UV light can pass through a single yarn thickness and the energy transmitted is sufficient to cure the back side quickly.The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the composite ring prepared in this paper are comparable to those of the heat-cured samples,which is sufficient to meet the requirements of the flywheel.

Effects of fibers on mechanical properties of high-performance concrete subjected to elevated temperatures

The compressive strength and ilexural toughness as well as fracture energy of fiber reinforced highperformance concrete （FRHPC） subjected to different high temperatures were studied. The results showed that after exposure at 300,600 and 900℃, the concrete mixes retained 88.1% , 41.3% and 10.2% of the original compressive strength on average, respectively. Steel fiber and polypropylene （PP） fiber were both effective in minimizing the damage effect of high temperatures on the compressive strength. The HPC reinforced with steel fibers showed higher flexural toughness and fracture energy before and after the high-temperature exposures. In comparison, PP fibers had minor beneficial effects on the flexural toughness and fracture energy. The mechanical properties of HPC reinforced with hybrid fibers （steel fiber ＋ PP fiber） were equivalent to or better than those of HPC reinforced with steel fibers alone. In addition, the failure pattern of FRHPC beams changed from pull-out of steel fibers at lower temperatures （20, 300 and 600℃） to tensile failure of steel fibers at higher temperature （900 ℃）.

Influence of Glass Fiber wt% and Silanization on Mechanical Flexural Strength of Reinforced Acrylics

The aim is to evaluate the flexural strength of acrylic resin bars depending on the addiction of glass fibers with or without previous 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (silane) application. Short fibers (3 mm) were treated and added to an acrylic resin powder, being further mixed with acrylic liquid to create bars (25 × 2 × 2 mm) of 11 experimental groups (N = 10), according to the interaction of experimental factors: weight % of glass fibers: (0.5;1;3;4;6 and 7) and silane application (with silane (S) or without silane (N)). Flexural strength and scanning microscopy evaluation were performed (SEM). Data (MPa) were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey (α = 5%). A significant difference between groups was observed (p = 0.001): S7%(128.85 ± 35.76)a, S6% (119.31 ± 11.97)ab, S4% (116.98 ± 25.23)ab, N4% (107.85 ± 24.88)abc, S1% (96.29 ± 20.65)bc, S0.5% (89.29 ± 7.33)cd, S3% (89.0 ± 11.27)cd, N3% (86.79 ± 17.63)cd, N1% (85.43 ± 16.44)cd, Control (73.29 ± 25.0)de, N0.5% (59.58 ± 19.46)e. For N groups, it was not possible to include more than 4%wt fibers. SEM showed better fiber-resin interaction for S groups, and fractures around fibers on N groups. Previous silane application enables the addiction of greater quantity of glass fibers and better interaction with the acrylic resin resulting in higher flexural strength. Without silane, fibers seem to act as initial crack points due to poor interaction.

Study of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene Effect on Resin Impregnated Bamboo Fiber Polypropylene Composit

Previously, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and phenolic resin were used for resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced PP composites which was manufactures for resin impregnated bamboo fiber with polypropylene (PP). Resin impregnation method can show improvement on tensile strength of fiber. However, to reduce the contact surface area and low inter-facial shear strength (IFSS) between impregnated resin and matrix, using 40% weight fraction of bamboo fiber in PP matrix, PVA impregnated composites with mean flexural and tensile strength 10% higher than untreated composites were produced butphenolic resin impregnated fiber reinforced composition’s mechanical properties were decreased. In this study maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used to increase interfacial shear strength between resin impregnated fiber and PP. With 10% MAPP, IFSS between resin impregnated fiber and PP increased more than 100% and reinforced composites. MAPP with untreated, phenolic resin and PVA impregnated cases showed similar mechanical properties. Yet in water absorption test, the PVA treatment with bamboo/PP composites increased water absorption ratio. But with 10% MAPP, matrix PP water absorption ratio decreased like phenolic resin impregnated fiber reinforced composites. 10% MAPP with resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced PP composites can improve IFSS, mechanical properties of composite and can decrease water absorption PVA resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced composites.

麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂复合材料声学性能研究

为验证麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂复合材料的声学性能,探讨植物纤维改性材料制备某类乐器的可行性,以亚麻、黄麻、苎麻等麻纤维材料为例,制备了几种不同麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂材料,以增强改性环氧树脂材料代替木材制作打击乐器,采用自由振动方法对打击乐器的声学性能进行测试。结果表明:黄麻、苎麻增强改性后的环氧树脂基复合材料声学性能各占优势,与一般的枫木相比力学性能更好,但综合声学性能尚无法达到天然枫木的水平。

桥梁工程中的纤维增强树脂基复合材料应用进展

为满足恶劣环境条件下现代化桥梁工程高质量建造所需材料的力学性能、耐腐蚀性及耐疲劳性等要求,基于纤维增强树脂基复合材料的优异性能,从公路桥、观赏桥、梁式桥以及超大跨度悬索桥等不同工况要求下的桥梁建设出发,总结了纤维增强树脂基复合材料的发展与应用现状。指出纤维增强树脂基复合材料在桥梁工程应用中仍存在应力损失、受风力影响大及回收处理难等弊端,并提出了主要的解决思路。

纳米颗粒填充玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能

为探究纳米颗粒[纳米氧化铁(NFe)、纳米二氧化硅(NS)、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)]填充玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(GFRP)的力学性能,对纳米颗粒质量分数分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.5%、1.0%的纳米颗粒/GFRP材料开展了拉伸、压缩、弯曲及冲击力学性能试验,并结合扫描电镜(SEM)分析了纳米颗粒的种类及质量分数对试件力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着纳米颗粒质量分数的增加,试件拉伸强度均先增大后降低,纳米颗粒的良好分散性及与树脂间的黏聚力能够提升试件的拉伸强度,但过量纳米颗粒的掺入会形成积聚现象,使得试件拉伸强度降低。相较于GFRP试件,掺入纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.1%、0.2%、0.5%和1.0%时,MWCNT/GFRP抗压强度的增幅分别为25.31%、36.04%、26.84%和27.25%,弯曲强度的增幅分别为58.74%、63.21%、40.89%及43.11%,纳米颗粒的掺入使得试件抗压强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度均得到改善,颗粒种类及质量分数的不同使得试件力学性能提升效果存在差异。SEM试验结果表明,外荷载作用下纤维出现断裂、分层现象,纤维与纳米颗粒间存在的摩擦效应增强其力学性能,颗粒的积聚使得试件力学性能降低。

盐蚀/冻融环境下环氧树脂结构胶强度降解机理

为探究盐蚀/冻融循环作用对环氧树脂胶黏剂材料的拉伸、剪切性能的影响,分别开展了40个胶黏剂和40个单搭接接头的盐蚀/冻融循环试验和力学性能试验,分析其力学性能随环境作用时间的变化规律.研究表明,随环境作用时间增加,所有胶黏剂试件失效模式未发生变化,而单搭接接头由内聚破坏和界面脱黏的混合失效模式变为界面脱黏失效模式.胶黏剂试件的拉伸强度总体呈现下降趋势,210次盐蚀/冻融循环后降低了9.2%.水分在单搭接接头界面的扩散速率远大于胶黏剂试件,导致了单搭接接头剪切强度相对于胶黏剂拉伸强度下降更为显著,210次盐蚀/冻融循环后剪切强度降低了60.9%.此外,盐蚀/冻融循环2160次后,胶黏剂拉伸强度保留率约为31.1%,而单搭接接头已失效.

纤维增强热塑性复合材料与金属连接技术的研究进展

纤维增强热塑性复合材料(FRTP)与金属的连接技术是多材料异质结构的关键制造技术。总结了纤维增强热塑性树脂基复合材料相对于传统金属材料的性能优势,分析了FRTP与金属连接技术的重要性和必要性,系统回顾了胶接、机械连接、混合连接和焊接四大类FRTP/金属连接技术的特点和发展,最后对未来FRTP/金属异质结构连接技术的发展、接头性能的改善提出了展望。

树脂基纤维复合材料在新能源汽车上的应用

树脂基纤维复合材料具有密度小、模量高、比强度高等优点,是优异的车用轻量化材料。为更好地探寻新能源汽车零部件的用材趋势,文章对树脂基纤维复合材料在国内外新能源汽车上的应用进行了详细的分析。研究发现,碳纤维增强复合材料虽然成本高,但由于优异的性能,仍在部分高端车型上大量使用,用以提升品牌影响力;玻纤增强复合材料,成本较低,是理想的轻量化材料,近几年在新能源汽车上大量应用;天然纤维增强复合材料的应用主要是为了提升低碳、环保的形象;玄武岩纤维增强复合材料目前还未形成完整的产业链,但未来有广阔的发展空间。文章的分析为新能源汽车零部件的选材提供了依据和指引方向。

纤维增强热固性树脂基复合材料成型过程数值模拟研究进展

纤维增强热固性树脂基复合材料在高端制造领域应用广泛,其固化过程涉及树脂流动、固化反应发生、残余应力引发固化变形等多个步骤。数值模拟纤维增强热固性树脂基复合材料的工艺成型过程是一个多场耦合的复杂问题,建立完善的数值模拟方法用来预测其成型过程中的固化行为对于工艺类型选择、工艺参数设计和复合材料构件性能优化具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文归纳了数值模拟纤维增强热固性树脂基复合材料成型过程的主要研究进展,并讨论了不同数值模型的适用条件,通过分析同一问题不同模型的适用条件可以为复合材料固化工艺及参数设计的选择提供指导。提升精度和降低成本是数值模型迭代优化的主要研究方向。在此基础上,本文对数值模拟纤维增强热固性树脂基复合材料成型过程进行了总结,并认为未来可以从复合材料的树脂流动多尺度建模、机器学习与材料基因组方法在复合材料的构件优化设计中的应用和残余应力对复合材料的性能及使用寿命的影响等方面开展研究。

电泳烘烤对EP/CF及EP/CF/GF复合材料力学性能的影响

采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺制备了不同铺层方式的碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料(CFRP):环氧树脂/碳纤维(EP/CF)和环氧树脂/碳纤维/玻璃纤维毡(EP/CF/GF)复合材料,重点研究了不同铺层纤维体系的CFRP渗透率以及电泳烘烤前后的力学性能变化,探究了其失效机理。结果表明,[±45°]铺层方式有利于体系中树脂的浸润,且加入GF能够明显提高体系的渗透率;电泳烘烤后,CF[0/90°]、CF[±45°]和CF/GF[±45°]的拉伸强度分别下降了15.65%、12.05%和6.77%,模量分别下降了9.08%、16.39%和10.04%,而CF/GF[0/90°]的拉伸强度和模量则分别提高了7.74%和6.95%;在弯曲性能方面,电泳烘烤后CF[0/90°]、CF/GF[0/90°]、CF[±45°]和CF/GF[±45°]的弯曲强度分别下降了7.62%、8.23%、15.89%和48.39%,模量分别降低了9.23%、3.69%、17.85%和34.38%;而电泳烘烤对4种材料的压缩性能影响较小;电泳后,CF[0/90°]和CF[±45°]的储能模量、损耗模量均有一定幅度提高,CF/GF[0/90°]和CF/GF[±45°]的储能模量、损耗模量均有下降。

聚吡咯共轭结构对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料热循环稳定性能的影响

为解决碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRPs)存在的碳纤维与基体间界面黏结性较弱和在热循环过程中因热膨胀系数不匹配而产生界面破坏的问题,通过低温聚合得到含有较多共轭结构的聚吡咯(PPy)对预处理后碳纤维(CF)进行表面改性,分别在0、30、60℃下制得碳纤维/聚吡咯复合纤维(PPy/CF),并研究了不同聚合温度下制备的CFRPs的界面结合性能、热膨胀性能和热循环稳定性能。结果表明:PPy/CF-0纤维的表面粗糙度与CF相比增加了2.09倍,这有利于树脂锚定在碳纤维表面,从而提高界面结合性能;并且PPy/CF-0纤维表面的聚吡咯层具有较完善的共轭结构,整体表现为负热膨胀系数,使得复合材料的层间剪切强度和界面剪切强度分别达到了CF的1.56倍和1.70倍;此外还使得CFRPs的热循环稳定性有了较明显的提升,经100次热循环实验后,其剪切强度仍能保持在初始数值的70%以上。

超声检测识别CFRP复合材料PTFE夹杂与富树脂缺陷

针对碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP)缺陷试样制作困难且不同夹杂缺陷难识别的问题,采用仿真与试验相结合的方法,开展聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)夹杂与富树脂缺陷超声检测研究。首先建立考虑CFRP层结构弹性各向异性的多向层合板超声反射法有限元模型,对比模拟与试验得到的A扫描时域信号,证明了模型的有效性。在CFRP层合板内部设置宽度6 mm,厚度0.03~0.40 mm的PTFE夹杂和厚度0.03~0.85 mm的富树脂缺陷,模拟得到超声A扫描信号,分析比较两种缺陷厚度变化对超声信号幅值最大值和波形峭度因子的影响。结果显示,随着缺陷厚度增加,PTFE夹杂及富树脂缺陷信号的幅值最大值和峭度因子均呈现先上升后下降最后趋于稳定的趋势,但富树脂缺陷信号幅值最大值低于PTFE夹杂,其峭度因子随厚度变化滞后于PTFE夹杂。

高性能纤维增强树脂基复合材料湿热老化研究进展

高性能纤维增强树脂基复合材料具有卓越的结构整体性及抗分层等特性,在诸多工业领域中具有广泛适用性。在其储藏及使用时,制件强度会不可避免地因湿热老化造成降解和退化。探讨和揭示高性能纤维增强树脂基复合材料在不同湿热老化环境下的力学响应,对其结构件的耐久性、安全服役性能和寿命预估具有至关重要的意义。综述了国内外高性能纤维增强树脂基复合材料湿热老化方面的研究进展,介绍了其吸湿机理以及在湿热环境下的老化机理。梳理了湿热老化环境对于高性能纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响,寿命预测模型等。最后指出了高性能纤维增强树脂基复合材料老化研究存在的问题、面临的挑战,对未来研究发展方向提出了展望。

湿热环境对环氧树脂基复合材料拉伸性能的影响

采用加速吸湿法得到玻璃纤维/L285环氧树脂基复合材料吸湿特性曲线,通过对比分析湿热处理前后的化学结构、断口微观形貌以及力学性能,研究了湿热环境对玻璃化转变温度、损伤机理、抗拉强度以及弹性模量的影响,探究湿热老化机制,为通用航空飞机的安全运行提供理论和实验依据。结果表明,该复合材料吸湿初期符合Fick第二定律,后期吸湿曲线逐渐趋于平缓,湿度一定时,温度越高,吸湿率越大,达到吸湿饱和时间越长。水浴温度由25 ℃增加到85 ℃时,饱和吸湿率增加209%,相应吸湿饱和时间增加46.50%;湿热处理后复合材料的拉伸断裂失效形式发生改变,抗拉强度降低30.97%,弹性模量在6%范围内波动,加载初期应力—应变曲线呈线性关系,后期呈非线性变化趋势;相对25 ℃干态试样,85 ℃湿态试样的玻璃化转变温度下降24 ℃,相应的化学结构未发生变化,但纤维-基体界面发生了不可逆的物理变化。