Studies on the Isolation, Identification and In Vitro Growth Rates of the Three Pathogenic Fungi from Panax notoginseng Cultivated in Wenshan Eparchy

Objective] The aim of this study was to simultaneously isolate and identify the main pathogenic fungi of the root rot, black spot and round spot from the Panax notoginseng plants cultivated in Wenshan Eparchy of Yunnan Province of China. [Method] The pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified by using potato dextrose agar （PDA） medium. The morphological identification was accomplished first according to the colony forms of the fungi when cultivated in vitro, then accord-ing to the symptom characteristics and colony forms of the re-isolated fungi in the reverse inoculation experiments. The molecular identification was performed accord-ing to the amplification and alignment of the internal transcribed space （ITS） se-quences of the fungi. The increases of the diameters and thickness of the colonies of the fungi cultivated in vitro were employed to indicate the growth rates of the fungi. [Results] The consistency of the colony forms and symptom characteristics and the 96%-99% similarities revealed in the ITS sequence alignments al proved that the main pathogenic fungi of the root rot, black spot and round spot of the P. notoginseng plants raised in Wenshan were Cylindrocarpon didymium, Alternaria panax and Mycocentrospora acerina, respectively. When cultivated in vitro in the same temperature, humidity and il umination, the increases of the colony diameters and thickness of C. didymium were the highest, fol owed by those of A. panax, then those of M. acerina. During different cultivation periods, the differences of the colony diameters and thickness of the three fungi al reached extremely significant level. However, at the same cultivation time, the differences of the diameters and thickness among the three fungi only reached significant level. [Conclusion] The main pathogenic fungi which result in the root rot, black spot and round spot of the P. notoginseng in Wenshan are C. didymium, A. panax and M. acerina, respec-tively. When these three diseases break out at the same time, the root rot wil spread fastest, fol owed orderly by the black spot and the round spot.

云南文山三七须根急性毒性和诱变毒性作用的研究

目的探讨云南文山三七须根急性毒性和诱变毒性作用。方法急性毒性采用一次限量法,剂量设为100001^/1^8〜,》^实验使用的菌株为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型菌株TA97、TA98、TA100、TA丨02。实验分别设每皿5000、1000、200、40、8 n g剂量组,同时设阴性、阳性对照组,采用平板掺人法,观察每皿回变菌落数。微核及精子畸形试验均使用SPF级昆明种小鼠,实验设1250、2500、5000 mg/kgBW 3个剂量组、-个阴性对照组及一个阳性对照组。微核试验采用30 h给受试物法,检测骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率。精子畸形试验于首次染毒后第35 d处死动物,观察精子畸形率。结果云南文山三七须根对受试动物的急性毒性(LD5e)>10000 mg/kg BW,与阴性对照组比较,云南文山三七须根各剂量组在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌试验(Ames试验)中实验结果为阴性,骨髓细胞微核试验表明未引起微核发生率增加,对小鼠精子畸变无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论云南文山三七须根对昆明种小鼠的急性经口毒性属实际无毒,在A m es实验中未呈现致突变作用,未见诱导小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核形成的能力,未见有致小鼠精子畸形作用。

云南三七根腐病病原细菌的鉴定

【目的】明确云南三七根腐病致病细菌的种属,为三七根腐病的综合防治提供科学依据。【方法】从云南省不同三七种植区采集三七根腐病植株,采用组织分离法进行病原细菌分离,通过柯赫氏法则验证病原菌的致病性,利用形态学、生理生化与基因序列分析相结合的方法明确病原细菌的分类学地位。【结果】采用组织分离法从发生三七根腐病的块根中共分离到200多株细菌,经室内组培离体筛选得到10株细菌能引起三七块根腐烂,其中1株细菌MA9对健康三七切伤组织的致病力最强,选取该株细菌进行后续研究。健康三七块根离体接种MA9菌液9 d后出现菌脓,块根开始腐烂变黑、变软,并伴随有恶臭味。将MA9菌株摇瓶发酵制备成OD600约0.5的菌悬液灌根接种到温室和田间健康三七植株上,均表现出与田间病株一致的症状:最初在芦头与芽基结合处出现褐色水渍状病变,随着病变不断扩展最终导致三七地下块根顶芽腐烂和地上部植株死亡。在田间接种后发病的三七块根重新分离到该病原细菌。利用Biolog微生物鉴定系统和16S rDNA序列比对结果均显示MA9菌株与产吲哚金黄杆菌(Chryseobacterium indoloqenes)为同一种属。【结论】引起云南三七根腐病的致病细菌为产吲哚金黄杆菌。这是国内首次报道该菌能引起三七根腐病。

文山三七地理标志产品种植面积遥感识别数据集(2022)

三七是我国常用名贵中药材,也是云南地理标志产品。利用高空间分辨率遥感卫星数据快速监测三七种植位置和范围,对耕地资源科学合理利用、多元化农业结构调整,以及三七产业可持续发展等具有重要意义。本研究基于吉林一号、Pleiades、高分系列、资源系列和北京二号等多源卫星影像,结合国土调查数据中耕地和园地的信息,采用综合调绘法技术,利用实地调查资料和“国土调查云”平台历史资料,研发了2022年云南文山壮族苗族自治州三七种植数据集。数据结果表明:2022年文山三七种植面积约为8,295.75 hm^(2)。空间上,三七种植面积由西南向东北递减。数据集存储为.shp格式,一共包含8个数据文件,共8.25 MB(压缩为1个文件,4.54 MB)。