To compare the efficacy and safety of fidaxomicin and vancomycin for the treatment of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CD1), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for t...To compare the efficacy and safety of fidaxomicin and vancomycin for the treatment of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CD1), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for the treatment of CDI published in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane library were searched. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. The primary outcome was the rates of clinical cure. The secondary endpoints were the rates of CDI recurrence in the 4 weeks period after the end of therapy and rates of global cure, adverse events. Meta-analysis was performed using the Mantle-Haenszel fixed effect method (FEM). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were reported. The results indicated that two large randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Clinical cure with fidaxomicin was similar to with vancomycin both in the modified intention to treat (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.82-1.66, P = 0.40) and in the per-protocol population (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 0.80-1.92, P = 0.34). There were no significant differences in the rates of clinical cure between fidaxomicin and vancomycin in the subgroups analyzed by age, patients' status, and previous CDI, infection with B 1 strain, severity baseline, and exposure to concomitant antibiotics. Recurrence of CDI was significantly less common among fidaxomicin-treated patients compared with vancomycin-treated patients both in the modified intention-to-treat population (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.34-0.65, P〈0.00001) and in the per-protocol population (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.31-0.62, P〈0.0001). Treatment with fidaxomicin compared with vancomycin was associated with significantly higher rates of global cure both in the modifed intention-to-treat population (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.35-2.27, P〈0.0001) and in the per-protocol population (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.40-2.47, P〈0.0001). Our recta-analysis suggests that fidaxomicin is not superior to vancomycin in rates of clinical cure, while fidaxomicin significantly decreases the rates of CDI recurrence and significantly improves the rates of global cure compared with vancomycin. Thus, fidaxomicin is a promising candidate for treatment of the CDI, especially in decreasing the rates of CDI recurrence and improving the rates of global cure.展开更多
Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)has been increasing due to the effect of recurrent hospitalizations.The use of antibiotics has been shown to alter the gut microbiome and lead to CDIs.The treatment is limited to th...Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)has been increasing due to the effect of recurrent hospitalizations.The use of antibiotics has been shown to alter the gut microbiome and lead to CDIs.The treatment is limited to three major antibiotics;however,the incidence of recurrent CDIs has been increasing and drug resistance is a major concern.This aspect is a growing concern in modern medicine especially in the elderly population,critical care patients,and immunocompromised individuals who are at high risk of developing CDIs.Clostridium difficile can lead to various complications including septic shock and fulminant colitis that could prove to be lethal in these patients.Newer modalities of treatment have been developed including bezlotoxumab,a monoclonal antibody and fecal microbiota transplant.There have been studies showing asymptomatic carriers and drug resistance posing a major threat to the healthcare system.Newer treatment options are being studied to treat and prevent CDIs.This review will provide an insight into the current treatment modalities,prevention and newer modalities of treatment and challenges faced in the treatment of CDIs.展开更多
目的对一株分离自药用植物仙鹤草中的产非达霉素菌株N12W0304进行分类研究。方法通过形态特征、培养特征观察、生理生化特征、胞壁分析及16S r DNA序列分析等多相分类研究对菌株进行鉴定。结果菌株N12W0304属于游动放线菌属(Actinoplane...目的对一株分离自药用植物仙鹤草中的产非达霉素菌株N12W0304进行分类研究。方法通过形态特征、培养特征观察、生理生化特征、胞壁分析及16S r DNA序列分析等多相分类研究对菌株进行鉴定。结果菌株N12W0304属于游动放线菌属(Actinoplanes sp.)菌株。结论本报道是首次从仙鹤草中分离到游动放线菌属非达霉素产生菌。展开更多
目的通过菌种诱变方法筛选获得非达霉素高产菌株。方法以非达霉素产生菌N12W-396作为出发菌株,采用新型常压室温等离子技术(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)结合非达霉素自身抗性处理诱变菌种,以摇瓶发酵液效价作为筛选...目的通过菌种诱变方法筛选获得非达霉素高产菌株。方法以非达霉素产生菌N12W-396作为出发菌株,采用新型常压室温等离子技术(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)结合非达霉素自身抗性处理诱变菌种,以摇瓶发酵液效价作为筛选指标。结果与出发菌株相比,获得的高产突变株FD-13-194的摇瓶发酵能力提高了42.9%,且遗传性能稳定,在50L发酵罐中发酵208h非达霉素产量可达2612μg/mL。研究表明,ARTP最佳的照射时间为300s,非达霉素抗性筛选的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为1800μg/mL。结论常压室温等离子体诱变技术能够有效的作用于非达霉素产生菌,结合其自身产物抗性筛选是获得高产菌株的良好手段,有利于提高非达霉素的工业生产水平。展开更多
Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)presents a rapidly evolving challenge in the battle against hospitalacquired infections.Recent advances in CDI diagnosis and management include rapid changes in diagnostic approach ...Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)presents a rapidly evolving challenge in the battle against hospitalacquired infections.Recent advances in CDI diagnosis and management include rapid changes in diagnostic approach with the introduction of newer tests,such as detection of glutamate dehydrogenase in stool and polymerase chain reaction to detect the gene for toxin production,which will soon revolutionize the diagnostic approach to CDI.New medications and multiple medical society guidelines have introduced changing concepts in the definitions of severity of CDI and the choice of therapeutic agents,while rapid expansion of data on the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation heralds a revolutionary change in the management of patients suffering multiple relapses of CDI.Through a comprehensive review of current medical literature,this article aims to offer an intensive review of the current state of CDI diagnosis,discuss the strengths and limitations of available laboratory tests,compare both current and future treatments options and offer recommendations for best practice strategies.展开更多
文摘To compare the efficacy and safety of fidaxomicin and vancomycin for the treatment of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CD1), randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for the treatment of CDI published in Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane library were searched. Two reviewers independently extracted the data. The primary outcome was the rates of clinical cure. The secondary endpoints were the rates of CDI recurrence in the 4 weeks period after the end of therapy and rates of global cure, adverse events. Meta-analysis was performed using the Mantle-Haenszel fixed effect method (FEM). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were reported. The results indicated that two large randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Clinical cure with fidaxomicin was similar to with vancomycin both in the modified intention to treat (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.82-1.66, P = 0.40) and in the per-protocol population (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 0.80-1.92, P = 0.34). There were no significant differences in the rates of clinical cure between fidaxomicin and vancomycin in the subgroups analyzed by age, patients' status, and previous CDI, infection with B 1 strain, severity baseline, and exposure to concomitant antibiotics. Recurrence of CDI was significantly less common among fidaxomicin-treated patients compared with vancomycin-treated patients both in the modified intention-to-treat population (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.34-0.65, P〈0.00001) and in the per-protocol population (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.31-0.62, P〈0.0001). Treatment with fidaxomicin compared with vancomycin was associated with significantly higher rates of global cure both in the modifed intention-to-treat population (OR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.35-2.27, P〈0.0001) and in the per-protocol population (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.40-2.47, P〈0.0001). Our recta-analysis suggests that fidaxomicin is not superior to vancomycin in rates of clinical cure, while fidaxomicin significantly decreases the rates of CDI recurrence and significantly improves the rates of global cure compared with vancomycin. Thus, fidaxomicin is a promising candidate for treatment of the CDI, especially in decreasing the rates of CDI recurrence and improving the rates of global cure.
文摘Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)has been increasing due to the effect of recurrent hospitalizations.The use of antibiotics has been shown to alter the gut microbiome and lead to CDIs.The treatment is limited to three major antibiotics;however,the incidence of recurrent CDIs has been increasing and drug resistance is a major concern.This aspect is a growing concern in modern medicine especially in the elderly population,critical care patients,and immunocompromised individuals who are at high risk of developing CDIs.Clostridium difficile can lead to various complications including septic shock and fulminant colitis that could prove to be lethal in these patients.Newer modalities of treatment have been developed including bezlotoxumab,a monoclonal antibody and fecal microbiota transplant.There have been studies showing asymptomatic carriers and drug resistance posing a major threat to the healthcare system.Newer treatment options are being studied to treat and prevent CDIs.This review will provide an insight into the current treatment modalities,prevention and newer modalities of treatment and challenges faced in the treatment of CDIs.
文摘目的对一株分离自药用植物仙鹤草中的产非达霉素菌株N12W0304进行分类研究。方法通过形态特征、培养特征观察、生理生化特征、胞壁分析及16S r DNA序列分析等多相分类研究对菌株进行鉴定。结果菌株N12W0304属于游动放线菌属(Actinoplanes sp.)菌株。结论本报道是首次从仙鹤草中分离到游动放线菌属非达霉素产生菌。
文摘目的通过菌种诱变方法筛选获得非达霉素高产菌株。方法以非达霉素产生菌N12W-396作为出发菌株,采用新型常压室温等离子技术(atmospheric and room temperature plasma,ARTP)结合非达霉素自身抗性处理诱变菌种,以摇瓶发酵液效价作为筛选指标。结果与出发菌株相比,获得的高产突变株FD-13-194的摇瓶发酵能力提高了42.9%,且遗传性能稳定,在50L发酵罐中发酵208h非达霉素产量可达2612μg/mL。研究表明,ARTP最佳的照射时间为300s,非达霉素抗性筛选的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为1800μg/mL。结论常压室温等离子体诱变技术能够有效的作用于非达霉素产生菌,结合其自身产物抗性筛选是获得高产菌株的良好手段,有利于提高非达霉素的工业生产水平。
文摘Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)presents a rapidly evolving challenge in the battle against hospitalacquired infections.Recent advances in CDI diagnosis and management include rapid changes in diagnostic approach with the introduction of newer tests,such as detection of glutamate dehydrogenase in stool and polymerase chain reaction to detect the gene for toxin production,which will soon revolutionize the diagnostic approach to CDI.New medications and multiple medical society guidelines have introduced changing concepts in the definitions of severity of CDI and the choice of therapeutic agents,while rapid expansion of data on the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation heralds a revolutionary change in the management of patients suffering multiple relapses of CDI.Through a comprehensive review of current medical literature,this article aims to offer an intensive review of the current state of CDI diagnosis,discuss the strengths and limitations of available laboratory tests,compare both current and future treatments options and offer recommendations for best practice strategies.