Photon counting statistics of V-type three-level systems:The effects of the field fluctuations

We investigate the influence of the field fluctuations to the emission photons of V-type three-level systems.The emission intensity I and Mandel＇s Q parameter show stochastic resonance with respect to the pure dephasing constantγp.The amplitude fluctuation of the field causes these systems to lose their coherence.On the other hand,the amplitude fluctuation provides a new interference method for these systems.The quantum beats are shown in the orthogonal system.

The Nonlinear Influence of Large Celestial Bodies on Earthquakes—Short Commentary

A new study on the nonlinear interaction of the fluctuating planetary gravitational field with the lithosphere suggests that not only the directly acting gravitational forces are of influence, but mainly higher harmonics of the celestial bodies considered as oscillators on large scales [1]. In the meantime, resonances caused by fluctuating gravity can also be detected on small scales in the laboratory [2].

Thermal activation of magnetization in Pr_2Fe_(14)B ribbons

The aftereffect field of thermal activation, which corresponds to the fluctuation field of a domain wall, is investigated via specific measurements of the magnetization behavior in PraFel4B nanocrystalline magnets. The thermal activation is a magnetization reversal arising from thermal fluctuation over an energy barrier to an equilibrate state. According to the magnetic viscosity and the field sweep rate dependence of the coercivity, the calculated values of the fluctuation field are lower than the aftereffect field and in a range between those of domain walls and individual grains. Based on these results, we propose that the magnetization reversal occurs in multiple ways involving grain activation and domain wall activation in thermal activation, and the thermal activation decreases the coercivity by-0.2 kOe in the PrzFe14B ribbons.

Interior noise field of a viscoelastic cylindrical shell excited by TBL pressure fluctuations:Ⅰ.Production mechanisms of the noise

Applying the wavenumber frequency transfer function to describe the whole system including tht elastic cylindrical shell and the fluid loading, a general expression of the cross spectrum of the interior noise induced by the TBL (turbulent boundary layer) pressure fiuctuations is derived. There are two production mechanisms of the noise: one is direct transfer of the convective ridge of the pressure fluctuations through the shell, the other is the reradiation of resonance modes excited by the pressure fluctuations. At low frequencies the noise produced by the latter mechanism is dominant. Solving the frequency equation of the cylindrical shell with liquid loading, the two Stoneley-type poles in the complex K plane are presented. They are the major sources of the reradiation of shell at low frequencies. Finally, effects of the shell radius, shell thickness, absorption of material and the flow speeds on the noise reduction are computed by numerical iniegration.

The fluctuation of acoustic field due to internal waveson the thermocline in typical shallow water

In this paper, the results of experiments concerning the fluctuations of internal waves on the thermocline and the fluctuations of acoustic amplitudes at different ranges in typical shallow water are presented. Recorded time is 48.96 h. Thickness of the thermocline is about 2 m-4 m. The deviation of temperature recorded at a fixed depth is 10℃-15℃. The vertical displacement of isotherm curves is about 5 m-6 m, which is mainly dominated by the lowest model. The measured spectrums of vertical displacement have obvious spectral packet within the range of 0.05 cpm (20 min) and 0. 143 cpm (7 min) besides the diurnal and semidiurnal tide frequency bands. Spectrum attenuation coefficients are between -1.5 and -1.7. Numerical calculation shows that phase velocity and group velocity of internal waves are equal to 0.329 m/s at lower frequencies. And with the increasing of frequency, the group velocity differs from phase velocity at about 0.03 cpm (33.33 min) and drops more quickly. The measured fluctuation of acoustic amplitude is about 8 dB-10 dB. With the increasing of range, the fluctuation trends to be faster and acoustic signals are declining. Spectrum attenuation coefficients are between -1.45 and -2.0. At last, PE method is used to simulate the acoustic amplitude fluctuation, in which internal waves are the important element.

Interior noise field of a viscoelastic cylindrical shell excited by TBL pressure fluctuations:Ⅱ. finite hydrophone and array

Finite hydrophone and hydrophone array are the wave vector filter and can re-duce the flow noise. In this paper the responses of the cylindrical area hydrophone and two-circular area hydrophone within viscoelastic cylindrical shell to the TBL (turbulent boundary layer) pressure fluctuations are investigated. Applying the method based on the wavenumber frequency spectrum analysis, the expressions of 1) the noise power spectrum of a single hy-drophone; 2) the space correlation of two hydrophones; 3) the noise power spectrum of array are derived. The dependencies of the noise reduction on hydrophone shape, dimension, element amount and separation of hydrophones of array are calculated by numerical integration. The wide-band and narrow-band correlation for two hydrophones is also calculated. The numerical results show that hydrophone array can effectively reduce the interior noise.

Development and applications of the ABEEM fluctuating charge molecular force field in the ion-containing systems

The microscopic mechanisms of ion hydration and ion selectivity in biomolecular systems are long-standing research topics, in which the difficulty is how to reasonably and accurately describe the ion-water and ion-biomolecule interactions. This paper summarizes the development and applications of the atom-bond electronegativity equalization fluctuating charge force field model, ABEEM/MM, in the investigations of ion hydration, metalloproteins and ion-DNA bases systems. Based on high-level quantum chemistry calculations, the parameters were optimized and the molecular potential functions were constructed and applied to studies of structures, activities, energetics, and thermodynamic and kinetic properties of these ion-containing sys- tems. The results show that the performance of ABEEM]MM is generally better than that of the common force fields, and its accuracy can reach or approach that of the hlgh-level ab initio MP2 method. These studies provide a solid basis for further investigations of ion selectivity in biomolecular systems, the structures and properties of metalloproteins and other related ion-containing systems.

Interpretation of thermal dependence of magnetic aftereffect for magnetic nanocomposite with slow decay rates

A new experimental characterization is presented of time-,field-,and temperature-dependent dynamic effects in magnetization of a nanocomposite which displays slow decay.Field and temperature variations of irreversible susceptibility,χirr,decay coefficient,S,fluctuation field,hf,and activation volume,V,have been calculated for the nanocomposite sample(Co_(80)Ni_(20))using a recently developed modified Preisach–Arrhenius(MPA)model.The sample is composed of non-interacting nanoparticles having negligible reversible magnetization.Non-Arrhenius behavior is observed in both the maximum decay coefficient,Smax,and the fluctuation field,hf,as a function of temperature T.The peak of both temperature curves are identical and occur at a critical temperature Tk of∼50 K,which agrees with our experimental results.Based on the effect of a temperature-dependent chemical potential on energy barrier,hf is studied for T<Tk and T≥Tk,respectively.A more complete MPA model that can predict the magnetization as function of time,field and temperature for a magnetic material with slow decay rates is proposed.This model uses a multi-variable analytical formula,m(ln(t),H,T),which incorporates the characteristic parameters.