Modeling and Simulation of a Transmission Line Response to a 400 kV/400V Capacitor Coupled Substation

The access to electricity in rural areas is extremely limited, but it is crucial for all citizens. The population in rural areas of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries is generally low, making it economically unfeasible to implement traditional rural electrification (CRE) projects due to the high cost of establishing the necessary distribution infrastructure. To address this cost issue, one alternative technology for rural electrification (URE) that can be explored is the Capacitor Coupled Substation (CCS) technology. CCS is a cost-effective solution for supplying electricity to rural areas. The research is necessitated by the need to offer a cost-effective technology for supplying electricity to sparsely populated communities. This paper examines the impact on the transmission network when a 400 kV/400V CCS is connected to it. The system response when a CCS is connected to the network was modeled using MATLAB/Si-mulink. The results, based on the fixed load of 80 kW, showed negligible interference on the transmission line voltage. However, there was minor impact on the parameters downstream of the tapping point. These findings were further supported by introducing a fault condition to the CCS, which showed that interferences with the CCS could affect the overall stability of the transmission network downstream of the tapping node, similar to the behavior of an unstable load.

Design of Bidirectional Coupling Circuit for Broadband Power-Line Communications

This paper deals with the design of bidirectional coupler for broadband power line communication and the impedance matching technique with the power line. This coupler can be used for both transmitting and receiving the data, acting as transceiver. The impedance mismatching problem is also solved here using line trap circuit. The coupler circuit is capable of transmitting or receiving modulated signals with carrier frequency of 15 MHz which can be used for domestic as well as distribution power networks. Laboratory prototype tested using power line network consists of electrical household appliances and results show that the circuit is able to facilitate bidirectional band pass transmission.

Mitigation of Transients in Capacitor Coupled Substations Using Traditional RLC Filter Techniques

This article presents an extensive examination and modeling of Capacitor Coupled Substations (CCS), noting some of their inherent constraints. The underlying implementation of a CCS is to supply electricity directly from high-voltage (HV) transmission lines to low-voltage (LV) consumers through coupling capacitors and is said to be cost-effective as compared to conventional distribution networks. However, the functionality of such substations is susceptible to various transient phenomena, including ferroresonance and overvoltage occurrences. To address these challenges, the study uses simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) filter in mitigating hazardous overvoltage resulting from transients. The proposed methodology entails using standard RLC filter to suppress transients and its associated overvoltage risks. Through a series of MATLAB/Simulink simulations, the research emphasizes the practical effectiveness of this technique. The study examines the impact of transients under varied operational scenarios, including no-load switching conditions, temporary short-circuits, and load on/off events. The primary aim of the article is to assess the viability of using an established technology to manage system instabilities upon the energization of a CCS under no-load circumstances or in case of a short-circuit fault occurring on the primary side of the CCS distribution transformer. The findings underscore the effectiveness of conventional RLC filters in suppressing transients induced by the CCS no-load switching.

Dynamic Coupled Analysis of the Floating Platform Using the Asynchronous Coupling Algorithm

This paper discusses the numerical modeling of the dynamic coupled analysis of the floating platform and mooring/risers using the asynchronous coupling algorithm with the purpose to improve the computational efficiency when multiple lines are connected to the platform. The numerical model of the platform motion simulation in wave is presented. Additionally, how the asynchronous coupling algorithm is implemented during the dynamic coupling analysis is introduced. Through a comparison of the numerical results of our developed model with commercial software for a SPAR platform, the developed numerical model is checked and validated.

A Numerical Study of a TOGA-COARE Squall-Line Using a Coupled Mesoscale Atmosphere-Ocean Model

An atmosphere-ocean coupled mesoscale modeling system is developed and used to investigate the interactions between a squall line and the upper ocean observed over the western Paci?c warm pool during the Tropical Ocean/Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean and Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE). The modeling system is developed by coupling the Advanced Regional Prediction Sys- tem (ARPS) to the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) through precipitation and two-way exchanges of mo- mentum, heat, and moisture across the air-sea interface. The results indicate that the interaction between the squall-line and the upper ocean produced noticeable di?erences in the sensible and latent heat ?uxes, as compared to the uncoupled cases. Precipitation, which is often ignored in air-sea heat ?ux estimates, played a major role in the coupling between the mesoscale convective system and the ocean. Precipitation a?ected the air-sea interaction through both freshwater ?ux and sensible heat ?ux. The former led to the formation of a thin stable ocean layer underneath and behind the precipitating atmospheric convection. The presence of this stable layer resulted in a more signi?cant convection-induced sea surface temperature (SST) change in and behind the precipitation zone. However, convection-induced SST changes do not seem to play an important role in the intsensi?cation of the existing convective system that resulted in the SST change, as the convection quickly moved away from the region of original SST response.

Magnetic-Coupling Based Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition

A novel millimeter-wave waveguide-to-microstrip transition based on magnetic-coupling is presented in this paper.The mode conversion of electromagnetic field is realized with the ring strip line of arbitrary shape in the E-plane of rectangular waveguide and the eccentric quasi-coaxial line,which is partially filled with media and consists of outer and inner rectangular conductors.The structure has the advantages of low loss,wide bandwidth,compact structure,and avoiding debug.From 27 GHz to 40 GHz,the experiment results show that the insertion loss is less than 1.2 dB and the return loss is better than 13.5 dB for the back-to-back transition with semicircle ring strip lines.

Dual-Band Coupled-Line Bandpass Filter with Independently Tunable Bandwidths

This paper reports a novel dual-band coupled-line bandpass filter.Comprising a quadruple-mode coupled-line resonator,this proposed filter could filter signals on two frequency bands.After introducing two varactors,one of the four resonances could be continuously altered by changing the capacitance of the varactors,thus the two frequency bandwidths could be independently tunned.In this paper,the detailed explanation for its operation is given,and the agreement between the expected and practical performance sufficiently confirms the robustness and effectiveness of this proposed filter.

Planar Compact Dual-Band Coupled-Line Balun with High Isolation

A planar circuit structure, which is based on three cascaded pairs of coupled lines, an open stub, and an isolation resistor, is proposed in this paper to design a compact dual.band balun with high isolation. This circuit features equal power division with out of phase, all ports matching, high isolation between two outputs, compact structure, and inherent impedance transformation. The closedform design equations are derived based on the traditional transmission.line theory and even.(odd.) mode analysis. A practical dual.band balun, which operates at 0.9/1.8GHz, is designed and fabricated to validate the function of equal power division with out of phase and high isolation between two outputs. The consistency between the simulated and measured results verify the design theory.

Dual Band BPF Based on Parallel Coupled Lines Loaded by Open Stubs for Ku-Band Satellite Applications

This paper presents a dual band Band Pass Filter (BPF) operating at both the downlink and uplink frequency bands for Ku-band satellite applications. The commonly used frequency band in mobile communications satellites is the Ku-band. These mobile satellite systems help connect remote regions, vehicles, ships, people and aircraft to other parts of the world and/or other mobile or stationary communications units, in addition to serving as navigation systems. The structure of the proposed filter is based on parallel coupled microstrip lines and four sections are used. Tuning the two operational bands can be achieved using two open-circuited stubs at the first and last sections of the parallel coupled microstrip lines. The proposed filter is adjusted to operate at 12.54 GHz and 14.14 GHz for downlink and uplink bands, respectively. The proposed dual band BPF is fabricated, measured, and good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured results.

Study on Approach of Static Security Assessment Accounting for Electro-thermal Coupling

A static security assessment approach considering electro-thermal coupling of transmission lines is proposed in this paper. Combined with the dynamic thermal rating technology and energy forecasting, the approach can track both the electrical variables and transmission lines’ temperature varying trajectory under anticipated contingencies. Accordingly, it identifies the serious contingencies by transmission lines’ temperature violation rather than its power flow, in this case the time margin of temperature rising under each serious contingency can be provided to operators as warning information and some unnecessary security control can also be avoided. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to testify the validity of the proposed approach.

Reconfigurable 3/6 dB Novel Branch Line Coupler

In this paper, a new idea of reconfigurable 3/6 dB branch line coupler is proposed. The proposed coupler is tuned through a simple open and short circuit at the coupler’s branches’ edges. At the short edges case, a 3 dB branch line coupler is obtained. In this case, the coupler’s branches are considered as microstrip transmission lines with 0.3 mm slot width which is etched in each coupler’s branch. At the open edges case, the coupler’s branches are considered as asymmetric coupled microstrip lines. In this case, a 6 dB branch line coupler is obtained. Both CST and IE3D simulators are used to optimize the reconfigurable 3/6 dB branch line coupler dimensions. As a prototypes, two BLCs are designed, analyzed and tested at the “on” and “off” states at 2.5 GHz. The measured S-parameters confirm the proposed concept of the reconfigurable 3/6 dB branch line coupler.

Design of Millimeter-Wave High-Power Power Monitoring Miter Bend Based on Aperture-Coupling

A directional coupler in a miter bend was designed to monitor the microwave power of the transmission line in an electron cyclotron resonance heating（ECRH） system. It is based on aperture-coupling theory and simulation of an electromagnetic（EM） field to design and optimize the 140 GHz high-power directional coupler. In addition, we simulated the double-aperture directional coupler by using three-dimensional（3D） EM simulation software, in which the central frequency is 140 GHz, coupling factor is about –70 dB, and directivity is greater than 17 dB. The results show that such a coupler is a viable tool for power measurement in high-power transmission systems.

Discussion on coupling mechanism of asymmetric CRLH/RH TL coupler

A quasi 0-dB coupler composed of a composite right-/left-handed transmission line (CRLH TL) and a conventional right-handed transmission line (RH TL) is presented. This coupler is shown to exhibit broad bandwidth and tight coupling char- acteristics. The circuit model and S-parameter results are also demonstrated. Another coupler with properly chosen loaded lumped-elements LL and CL in the CRLH TL is proposed to gain further understanding of the coupling mechanism. By adjusting the spacing between the CRLH TL and RH TL from 8 mm to 0.2 mm, it can be shown that backward coupling occurs in the left-handed region.

The Coupled Operational Systems:A Linear Optimisation Review

The purpose of this review is to summarise the existing literature on the operational systems as to explain the current state of understanding on the coupled operational systems.The review only considers the linear optimisation of the operational systems.Traditionally,the operational systems are classified as decoupled,tightly coupled,and loosely coupled.Lately,the coupled operational systems were classified as systems of time-sensitive and time-insensitive operational cycle,systems employing one mix and different mixes of factors of production,and systems of single-linear,single-linear-fractional,and multi-linear objective.These new classifications extend the knowledge about the linear optimisation of the coupled operational systems and reveal new objective-improving models and new state-of-the-art methodologies never discussed before.Business areas affected by these extensions include product assembly lines,cooperative farming,gas/oil reservoir development,maintenance service throughout multiple facilities,construction via different locations,flights traffic control in aviation,game reserves,and tramp shipping in maritime cargo transport.

THE INFLUENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DYNAMICCOUPLING ON THE BLOOD PULSE WAVE PROPAGATION IN HUMAN BODY

For the first lime, the pressure and flow pulse wave propagation phenomenon is studied in this paper on the basis of he cardiovascular dynamic coupling. E(t)-R model is adopted for left ventricle and T-Y tube model for systemic arteries. Furthermore, impulse response method and Fourier analysis method are employed After reasonable cardiovascular parameters and their value have been selected, the pressure and flow waveforms ape obtained at any poing along the systemic arteries. The results fit measured data well. In addition, the influences of cardiovascular parameters on pulse wave propagation are studied. The work is useful in practice.

面向流程制造的数字孪生车间可视化监控系统研究

为了解决流程制造过程监控实时性差、准确性不足的问题,在数字孪生技术迅速发展且与制造业结合愈发紧密的背景下,提出基于生产要素数据、生产工艺流程与多工序设备实体对象的数字孪生车间可视化监控系统架构。从要素、状态、运行逻辑等多个维度对多工序耦合生产线实体对象进行孪生建模,基于OPC UA统一架构的数据采集传输,虚拟车间的实时驱动等关键技术,实现了流程制造设备状态、生产要素工艺全流程三维可视化监控。基于某流程制造企业制丝生产试验线开展了应用验证,为提升流程制造过程中全生产要素的预见性、联动性、自治性提供了方法和实现途径。

多线并行轨道电路电容耦合干扰机理研究

高速铁路车站并行股道多,应用场景复杂,在三线并行情况下,中间股道易受两旁线路的电磁干扰影响。当2条线路均与中间股道同向时,中间股道所受电容耦合干扰为2条线路干扰之和,且邻线耦合电容越大,干扰亦越强。为减少多线并行邻线间的电容耦合干扰,可采取改变线路相对布局、采用屏蔽等设计措施,确保高速铁路车站轨道电路工作的稳定性和可靠性。

一种基于线性零磁场的动脉血管扫描成像方法仿真

基于磁电耦合效应的血流检测及血管成像是实现心血管疾病早期诊疗的有效方法之一。该文基于磁场与血流耦合电效应,设计一种用于动脉血管扫描成像的组合线圈结构,产生带有零磁场线(FFL)区域的线性梯度磁场;在此结构的基础上,通过控制激励电流驱动FFL实现成像区域双向扫描;结合卷积神经网络(CNN)实现磁电耦合信号与血管信息的非线性映射,进而提出一种基于线性零磁场的动脉血管扫描成像新方法。采用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL对基于线性零磁场的血管扫描成像方法进行建模,求解磁电耦合信号,验证了所提出方法的合理性和有效性。结果表明,线性梯度磁场模式下的磁电耦合信号含有血管位置、半径等信息;CNN重建血管位置误差平均值为1.5694 mm,重建血管半径的方均误差(MSE)和相关系数(CC)平均值分别为0.0548和0.9870。研究结果可用于血管成像装置设计及后续相关临床应用提供研究支撑。

预应力效应对中速磁浮线路简支梁车-桥耦合振动响应的影响

以长沙磁浮线路简支梁桥为研究对象,建立考虑不同预应力效应的磁浮线路简支梁桥车-桥耦合振动模型,分析预应力效应对中速磁浮线路车-桥耦合振动响应的影响。结果表明:预应力效应的变化对桥梁动力响应影响明显,预应力增加显著加剧桥梁竖向振动加速度,预应力由0.67P0(P0为张拉控制应力)增加到1.33P0时,桥梁跨中竖向最大加速度从0.21 m/s^(2)增至0.44 m/s^(2);车速增加会加剧预应力效应的影响,对桥梁竖向振动加速度的影响尤为明显,车速由20 km/h增加到200 km/h时,在1.00P0作用下,桥梁跨中竖向最大加速度从0.15 m/s^(2)增至0.76 m/s^(2);箱壁局部变形对车-桥耦合竖向振动响应有显著影响,预应力导致的箱壁局部变形不可忽略。

基于微能量收集的电力设备无线测温技术研究

针对电力设备无线测温技术的需求,文中设计了一种基于新型磁电发电装置的无线温度在线监测系统。该系统利用电力系统周围的杂散磁场为整套无线监测系统供电,并设计了新型压电摩擦耦合悬臂梁结构以提高磁场能收集的效率,同时温度测量模块采用低通滤波提高收集灵敏度,采用低主频工作模式及定时唤醒功能降低信号处理和传输能耗,兼具低功耗的温度采集功能和电气隔离的数据传输能力,保证整套设备的稳定可靠运行。实验测得电源模块在4 Oe,50 Hz的交变磁场下可产生峰峰值开路电压160 V,短路电流14μA整流后输出3.3 V稳定电压,在该电源供电下无线测温装置每5 s可收发一次温度数据。