Phase-Sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer Based on a 120°-Phase-Difference Michelson Interferometer

A phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer （φ-OTDR） based on a 120°-phase-difference Michelson in- terferometer is proposed. The Michelson interferometer with arm difference of 4m is used to test the phase difference between the Rayleigh scattering from two sections of the fiber. A new demodulation method called the inverse transmission matrix demodulation scheme is utilized to demodulate the distributed phase from the backward scattering along the long fiber, The experimental results show that the 120°-phase-difference inter- ferometer φ-OTDR can detect the phase along the 3km fiber, and the acoustic signal within the whole human hearing range of 20 Hz-20 kHz is reproduced accurately and quickly.

LIGO Experiments Cannot Detect Gravitational Waves by Using Laser Michelson Interferometers—Light’s Wavelength and Speed Change Simultaneously When Gravitational Waves Exist Which Make the Detections of Gravitational Waves Impossible for LIGO Experiments

It is proved strictly based on general relativity that two important factors are neglected in LIGO experiments by using Michelson interferometers so that fatal mistakes were caused. One is that the gravitational wave changes the wavelength of light. Another is that light’s speed is not a constant when gravitational waves exist. According to general relativity, gravitational wave affects spatial distance, so it also affects the wavelength of light synchronously. By considering this fact, the phase differences of lasers were invariable when gravitational waves passed through Michelson interferometers. In addition, when gravitational waves exist, the spatial part of metric changes but the time part of metric is unchanged. In this way, light’s speed is not a constant. When the calculation method of time difference is used in LIGO experiments, the phase shift of interference fringes is still zero. So the design principle of LIGO experiment is wrong. It was impossible for LIGO to detect gravitational wave by using Michelson interferometers. Because light’s speed is not a constant, the signals of LIGO experiments become mismatching. It means that these signals are noises actually, caused by occasional reasons, no gravitational waves are detected really. In fact, in the history of physics, Michelson and Morley tried to find the absolute motion of the earth by using Michelson interferometers but failed at last. The basic principle of LIGO experiment is the same as that of Michelson-Morley experiment in which the phases of lights were invariable. Only zero result can be obtained, so LIGO experiments are destined failed to find gravitational waves.

Photoacoustic Detection in the Michelson Interferometer Cavity

For the first time, we report photoacoustic (PA) signal detection in a cell placed within the Michelson interferometer cavity in an attempt to relate photoacoustic effect to the Michelson fringe shift as a result of changes in the cell. Both detection schemes were investigated using IR absorption and their sensitivities compared. Signals related to Michelson interferometer fringe and PA effect have shown good correlations with each other using different samples including some essential oils and their corresponding plant part from which the essential oil is usually obtained. Results were encouraging and will open the door widely to use the combined Michelson interferometer-photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) in trace gas detection for different applications.

Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Michelson Interferometer

A new Michelson interferometer based on fiber Bragg grating（FBG） is demonstrated. FBCs are used as reflectors, and the laser is replaced by a broadband source as input light in this interferometer. To demodulate the signals, a 3 × 3 coupler is used as a splitter. By combining with software demodulation, the outer interference can be obtained from the outputs of the interferometer. This kind of interferometer can also be wavelength-multiplexed easily by composing a series Michelson interferometer. The experiment results show that the clear interference fringe can be obtained by adjusting the path difference to make it less than interference length of FBG. The signals are also demodulated.

Polarization Beam Splitter Based on a Self-Collimation Michelson Interferometer in a Silicon Photonic Crystal

A polarization beam splitter based on a self-collimation Michelson interferometer (SMI) in a hole-type silicon photonic crystal is proposed and numerically demonstrated.Utilizing the polarization dependence of the transmission spectra of the SMI and polarization peak matching method,the SMI can work as a polarization beam splitter (PBS) by selecting an appropriate path length difference in the structure.Based on its novel polarization beam splitting mechanics,the polarization extinction ratios (PERs) for TM and TE modes are as high as 18.4 dB and 24.3 dB,respectively.Since its dimensions are only several operating wavelengths,the PBS may have practical applications in photonic integrated circuits.

Reviewing Michelson Interferometer Experiment and Measuring the Speed of Starlight

The wave-aether model was proposed long time ago. We study Michelson interferometer experiment and find that its theoretical calculation erroneously neglected the aether drag effect. We take the drag effect into account and reanalyze the theoretical interference pattern shift. The result is null because the drag coefficient of aether is zero. Such that the wave-aether model fulfills all light propagation characteristics. We design and implement a system to measure the starlight speed by comparing to that from a local source. We observe that the arrival times are different. It implies the apparent speeds of starlights are not equal to c.

The Light Timing Calculations of the Interferometer in the Quest to Detect Light Speed Anisotropy and a Case Study of the Michelson-Morley and Miller Mt Wilson Experiments

This paper formulates the light timing calculations for each interferometer arm;one that is parallel to the direction of motion of the interferometer through space and the other that is perpendicular. The calculations are done for a vacuum-mode interferometer and then for a gas-mode interferometer. The calculations show that no light timing difference is detectable in a vacuum-mode interferometer, but once an optical medium is present in the light path down the arms of the interferometer, this is no longer the case and a timing difference is detectable. Further to this, the timing equations obtained from the analysis are used to model the historical experiments of Michelson-Morley and Miller (Mt Wilson) and predictions are made by the model that accurately match the actual recorded results from those experiments. Thus, this timing analysis confirms that there is a light speed anisotropy in a reference frame that is moving through space, indicating the presence of a preferred Aether reference frame through which the Earth is moving.

Strain measurement using frequency modulation fiber optic interferometer

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光纤激光传感器结构发展综述

光纤激光传感技术是光纤传感技术中的重要组成部分。首先介绍了光纤激光传感技术的原理,然后分析了基于单一结构和双结构的10种光纤激光传感器的原理和特性,并对比了2种传感结构的应用情况和温度灵敏度,最后从解调方式、多参量测量以及提升检测范围等3个方面对光纤激光传感技术进行了总结和展望。

改进的迈克尔逊干涉仪测量钠黄光双线波长差

在迈克尔逊干涉仪实验教学及科学研究过程中发现齿轮经常脱扣的现象,这对测量结果产生了严重影响。本文中,我们将传统的齿轮咬合式迈克尔逊干涉仪改进为杠杆式迈克尔逊干涉仪,有助于避免齿轮咬合式迈克尔逊干涉仪中多个齿轮间容易脱扣的现象。利用钠光灯照射杠杆式迈克尔逊干涉仪,观察到了明显的光拍干涉图样,测量了钠黄光双线波长差。钠黄光双线波长差的测量结果为0.5953±0.0054(nm)。本文的研究有助于提升迈克尔逊干涉仪装置的测量稳定性,实现在光谱定标、光学传感、生化检测等领域的长期稳定使用;有助于提升学生发现问题、解决问题的能力;以及有助于学生提升将不同科目知识相结合的能力。

Michelson干涉仪式光纤空气声传感器

介绍了一种用于直升机等低空目标探测的光纤空气声传感器.该传感器基于光纤Michelson干涉仪的原理,结合弹性盘片的应力应变理论分析和光纤粘接的工艺设计,采用相位载波解调技术进行信号解调.对比实验测试验证了这种声音探测技术可行性.传感器理论灵敏度为2.38rad/Pa,实测灵敏度为1.5rad/Pa,采用PGC相位解调理论最小可探测的最小声信号为6.7μPa,即9.5dB.传感器在20～300Hz范围内响应基本平坦.结合声音传播规律分析并肯定其在实用中的可行性.

基于Michelson干涉仪的光纤分布式扰动传感器(英文)

提出并研究了基于Michelson干涉仪的应用于检测时变扰动的光纤分布式传感器。所提出的光纤传感器由两个Michelson干涉仪和一个光纤延迟环组成。扰动作用在传感光纤上,引起传输光波相位的调制作用,可以通过该传感器进行检测并得到扰动的位置信息。通过光电探测器对干涉信号进行接收。对接收到的信号进行隔直,并通过求取峰峰值的方法对隔直后的信号进行预处理。通过希尔伯特变换、相位去包裹和三角函数运算可以提取出预处理信号中包含的相位信息。最后,通过频谱分析和相应的数学运算可以实现扰动的定位。在20 km的监测距离内通过实验验证了传感器的可行性。所提出的光纤传感器具有实时性好、抗偏振性、低成本的独特优势。

“物理建模”实验教学模式的教学实践——以“迈克尔孙干涉仪测量激光波长”实验为例

在物理实验教学中发现,低年级本科生普遍缺乏物理建模思维,难以通过科学知识的建构历程获得对知识的深刻而全面的理解.为解决此问题,国防科技大学的大学物理实验课程以“物理建模”思想和“精益思想”创新教学模式,开展“物理建模”实验教学模式的教学设计,强化物理建模思维的培养.通过该教学模式在大学物理实验课程中的教学实践,以“迈克尔孙干涉仪测量激光波长”实验为例详细介绍“物理建模”实验教学模式的教学设计,为物理实验的教学改革提供借鉴.

利用光杠杆测透镜的曲率半径

基于光杠杆测量物体微小形变的思想,结合光杠杆与迈克耳孙干涉仪移动平台,搭建了测量透镜曲率半径的装置.利用光杠杆足尖位置和平凸透镜所在球面的几何关系,推导出曲率半径的测量公式,并测量了不同规格透镜的曲率半径.实验结果表明:使用该装置测量的曲率半径与利用牛顿环装置的测量值相近.

光纤Michelson干涉仪干涉条纹对比度的研究

通过实验测定了光纤Michelson干涉仪输出的干涉信号,并由此计算了干涉条纹对比度。从条纹对比度的拟合曲线出发,分析了可能影响光纤干涉仪干涉信号对比度的主要因素,为实验中条纹对比度的进一步提高提供有益的参考。

Michelson干涉型光纤弱磁场传感器信号检测电路研究

针对Michelson光纤弱磁场传感器的特点,设计和实现了控制和信号检测系统。着重对传感器信号检测部分的电路进行了分析和研究,采用了相位自跟踪锁定放大技术进行微弱信号检测;针对磁致伸缩材料的非线性响应特点,设计了定偏闭环反馈系统,使探头始终工作在最佳偏置磁场下。经实验验证,系统灵敏度高,抑制噪声能力强。

光纤光栅Michelson干涉仪

提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(光纤光栅)的光纤Michelson干涉仪.它使用光纤光栅作为干涉仪的反射器,宽带光代替激光作为光源,是一种可以波分复用的Michelson干涉仪.用3×3耦合器作为分光器,并结合软件解调技术从干涉仪的输出信号中解调出了外部振动信号.

基于Michelson干涉解调技术的光纤光栅传感系统

介绍了一种基于M ichelson干涉解调技术的光纤光栅传感系统,将包含被测应变信息的FBG波长信号转变成相位信号,通过单片机系统检测相位的变化,得到被测应变的大小。系统可检测静态应变和动态应变,具有高分辨力、大测量范围等特点。

基于赛题多角度分析等倾干涉原理及现象

分析了第39届全国中学生物理竞赛复赛第一题涉及的所有考点,对分光板镀膜引起的相位差和干涉场内、外侧条纹不同步的变化规律做出解释,相比官方参考答案给出更基本、详细的原理分析和公式推导及多种解题思路,为参加竞赛的师生对波动光学及实验的基础学习提供更丰富的学习参考.

光纤Michelson干涉仪型折射率和温度同时测量传感器

基于Michelson干涉仪原理,制作了一种可同时测量折射率和温度的全光纤传感器。传感器由单模光纤和一段长度为5mm的细芯光纤错位熔接而成。对该传感器的折射率和温度响应特性进行理论分析,并在折射率和温度的变化范围分别为1.333 3~1.404 9和20~90℃的环境中对传感器的响应特性进行实验研究,结果表明,随着环境折射率的变化,该传感器输出光谱峰值功率的响应灵敏度为-41.10dB/RIU,而光谱峰值波长对折射率变化不敏感;随着环境温度的变化,该传感器输出光谱峰值波长的响应灵敏度为23.15pm/℃,而光谱峰值功率对温度变化不敏感。因此,通过同时监测传感器输出光谱的功率变化和波长漂移量,可实现折射率和温度的同时测量。该传感器制作简单,测量精度高,在生物医学领域有较好的应用前景。