Silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration for optical interconnection

The performance of optical interconnection has improved dramatically in recent years.Silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration is the key enabler to achieve high performance optical interconnection,which not only provides the optical gain which is absent from native Si substrates and enables complete photonic functionalities on chip,but also improves the system performance through advanced heterogeneous integrated packaging.This paper reviews recent progress of silicon-based optoelectronic heterogeneous integration in high performance optical interconnection.The research status,development trend and application of ultra-low loss optical waveguides,high-speed detectors,high-speed modulators,lasers and 2D,2.5D,3D and monolithic integration are focused on.

Research on Scheduling Strategy of Flexible Interconnection Distribution Network Considering Distributed Photovoltaic and Hydrogen Energy Storage

Distributed photovoltaic(PV)is one of the important power sources for building a new power system with new energy as the main body.The rapid development of distributed PV has brought new challenges to the operation of distribution networks.In order to improve the absorption ability of large-scale distributed PV access to the distribution network,the AC/DC hybrid distribution network is constructed based on flexible interconnection technology,and a coordinated scheduling strategy model of hydrogen energy storage(HS)and distributed PV is established.Firstly,the mathematical model of distributed PV and HS system is established,and a comprehensive energy storage system combining seasonal hydrogen energy storage(SHS)and battery(BT)is proposed.Then,a flexible interconnected distribution network scheduling optimization model is established to minimize the total active power loss,voltage deviation and system operating cost.Finally,simulation analysis is carried out on the improved IEEE33 node,the NSGA-II algorithm is used to solve specific examples,and the optimal scheduling results of the comprehensive economy and power quality of the distribution network are obtained.Compared with the method that does not consider HS and flexible interconnection technology,the network loss and voltage deviation of this method are lower,and the total system cost can be reduced by 3.55%,which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Decentralized Optimal Control and Stabilization of Interconnected Systems With Asymmetric Information

The paper addresses the decentralized optimal control and stabilization problems for interconnected systems subject to asymmetric information.Compared with previous work,a closed-loop optimal solution to the control problem and sufficient and necessary conditions for the stabilization problem of the interconnected systems are given for the first time.The main challenge lies in three aspects:Firstly,the asymmetric information results in coupling between control and estimation and failure of the separation principle.Secondly,two extra unknown variables are generated by asymmetric information(different information filtration)when solving forward-backward stochastic difference equations.Thirdly,the existence of additive noise makes the study of mean-square boundedness an obstacle.The adopted technique is proving and assuming the linear form of controllers and establishing the equivalence between the two systems with and without additive noise.A dual-motor parallel drive system is presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.

Impact of interconnections and renewable energy integration on the Philippine-Sabah Power Grid systems

This study presents a comprehensive impact analysis of the rotor angle stability of a proposed international connection between the Philippines and Sabah,Malaysia,as part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)Power Grid.This study focuses on modeling and evaluating the dynamic performance of the interconnected system,considering the high penetration of renewable sources.Power flow,small signal stability,and transient stability analyses were conducted to assess the ability of the proposed linked power system models to withstand small and large disturbances,utilizing the Power Systems Analysis Toolbox(PSAT)software in MATLAB.All components used in the model are documented in the PSAT library.Currently,there is a lack of publicly available studies regarding the implementation of this specific system.Additionally,the study investigates the behavior of a system with a high penetration of renewable energy sources.Based on the findings,this study concludes that a system is generally stable when interconnection is realized,given its appropriate location and dynamic component parameters.Furthermore,the critical eigenvalues of the system also exhibited improvement as the renewable energy sources were augmented.

Coordinated planning for flexible interconnection and energy storage system in low-voltage distribution networks to improve the accommodation capacity of photovoltaic

The increasing proportion of distributed photovoltaics(DPVs)and electric vehicle charging stations in low-voltage distribution networks(LVDNs)has resulted in challenges such as distribution transformer overloads and voltage violations.To address these problems,we propose a coordinated planning method for flexible interconnections and energy storage systems(ESSs)to improve the accommodation capacity of DPVs.First,the power-transfer characteristics of flexible interconnection and ESSs are analyzed.The equipment costs of the voltage source converters(VSCs)and ESSs are also analyzed comprehensively,considering the differences in installation and maintenance costs for different installation locations.Second,a bilevel programming model is established to minimize the annual comprehensive cost and yearly total PV curtailment capacity.Within this framework,the upper-level model optimizes the installation locations and capacities of the VSCs and ESSs,whereas the lower-level model optimizes the operating power of the VSCs and ESSs.The proposed model is solved using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with an elite strategy(NSGA-II).The effectiveness of the proposed planning method is validated through an actual LVDN scenario,which demonstrates its advantages in enhancing PV accommodation capacity.In addition,the economic benefits of various planning schemes with different flexible interconnection topologies and different PV grid-connected forms are quantitatively analyzed,demonstrating the adaptability of the proposed coordinated planning method.

Review of trans-Mediterranean power grid interconnection:a regional roadmap towards energy sector decarbonization

Climate change is becoming an important issue in all fields of infrastructure development.Electricity plays a core role in the decarbonized energy system’s path to a regional zero-emission pattern.A well-built trans-Mediterranean backbone grid can hedge the profound evolution of regional power generation,transmission,and consumption.To date,only Turkey and the Maghreb countries(i.e.,Morocco,Algeria,and Tunisia)are connected with the Continental European Synchronous Area.Other south-and east-shore countries have insufficient interconnection infrastructures and synchronization difficulties that have proven to be major hurdles to the implementation of large-scale solar and wind projects and achievement of climate goals.This study analyzes the current trans-boundary grid interconnections and power and carbon emission portfolios in the Mediterranean region.To align with the recently launched new climate target‘Fit for 55’program and the accelerated large-scale renewables target,a holistic review of projected trans-Mediterranean grids and their market,technical,and financial obstacles of implementation was conducted.For south-and east-shore countries,major legal and regulatory barriers encompassing non-liberalized market structure,regulation gaps of taxation and transmission tariffs,and the private sector’s access rights need to be removed.Enhancement of domestic grids,substations,and harmonized grid codes and frequency,voltage,and communication technology standards among all trans-Mediterranean countries are physical prerequisites for implementing the Trans-Mediterranean Electricity Market.In addition,the mobilization of capital instruments along with private and international investments is indispensable for the realization of supranational transmission projects.As the final section of the decarbonization roadmap,the development of electric appliances,equipment,and vehicles with higher efficiency is inevitable in the decarbonized building,transportation,and industry sectors.

Power Optimization Cooperative Control Strategy for Flexible Fast Interconnection Device with Energy Storage

With the wide application of renewable energy power generation technology,the distribution network presents the characteristics of multi-source and complex structure.There are potential risks in the stability of power system,and the problem of power quality is becoming more and more serious.This paper studies and proposes a power optimization cooperative control strategy for flexible fast interconnection device with energy storage,which combines the flexible interconnection technology with the energy storage device.The primary technology is to regulate the active and reactive power of the converter.By comparing the actual power value of the converter with the reference value,the proportional integral(PI)controller is used for correction,and the current components of d and q axes are obtained and input to the converter as the reference value of the current inner loop.The control strategy in this paper can realize power mutual aid between feeders,and at the same time,the energy storage device can provide or absorb a certain amount of power for feeders,so that the power grid can realize stable operation in a certain range.

IMC-skeletons reinforced high-temperature interconnections through low-temperature TLP bonding and micron composite solders

The traditional nano-sintering or TLP techniques are generally expensive,time-consuming,and hence unsuitable for realizing practical mass production.Herein,we have developed an improved TLP process to rapidly produce IMC-skeleton structures across the bonding region by initiating a localized liquid-solid interaction among micron particles at traditional soldering temperatures.The developed IMC skeletons can reinforce solder alloys and provide remarkable mechanical stability and electrical capabilities at high temperatures.As a result,the IMC-skeleton strengthened interconnections exhibited higher thermal/electrical conductivity,lower hardness and almost doubled strength than traditional full-IMC joints,attaining 87.4 MPa and 30.2 MPa at room condition and 350℃.Meanwhile,the necessary heating time to form metallurgical bonds was shortened,one-fifth of nano-sintering and one-tenth of TLP bonding,and the material cost was significantly reduced.This proposed technique enabled the fast,low-cost manufacturing of electronics that can serve at temperatures as high as 200−350℃.Besides,the interfacial reactions among particles and the correlated phase evolution process were studied in this research.The formation mechanism of IMC skeletons was analyzed.The correlated influencing factors and their effect on the mechanical,thermal and electrical properties of joints were revealed,which may help the design and extensive uses of such techniques in various high-temperature/power applications.

Oxidation and Electrical Properties of Cu-Mn_(3)O_(4)Composite Coating Obtained by Electrodeposition on SOFC Interconnects

Cu-Mn_(3)O_(4)composite coating was prepared on the SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel by electrodeposition and then exposed in air at 800℃corresponding to the cathode atmosphere of solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC).A dual-layer oxide structure mainly comprising an external layer of CuO followed by(Cu,Mn,Fe)_(3)O_(4)spinel and an internal layer of Cr-rich oxide was thermally developed on the coated steel.The scale area-specific resistances(ASRs)of the coated steels were lower than the scale ASR of the uncoated steel after identical thermal exposure.The external layer of CuO/(Cu,Mn,Fe)_(3)O_(4)spinel not only served as a barrier to reduce the growth rate of Cr-rich oxide internal layer and to suppress the outward diffusion of Cr,but also lowered the surface scale ASRs considerably.

A Scalable Interconnection Scheme in Many-Core Systems

Recent architectures of multi-core systems may have a relatively large number of cores that typically ranges from tens to hundreds;therefore called many-core systems.Such systems require an efficient interconnection network that tries to address two major problems.First,the overhead of power and area cost and its effect on scalability.Second,high access latency is caused by multiple cores’simultaneous accesses of the same shared module.This paper presents an interconnection scheme called N-conjugate Shuffle Clusters(NCSC)based on multi-core multicluster architecture to reduce the overhead of the just mentioned problems.NCSC eliminated the need for router devices and their complexity and hence reduced the power and area costs.It also resigned and distributed the shared caches across the interconnection network to increase the ability for simultaneous access and hence reduce the access latency.For intra-cluster communication,Multi-port Content Addressable Memory(MPCAM)is used.The experimental results using four clusters and four cores each indicated that the average access latency for a write process is 1.14785±0.04532 ns which is nearly equal to the latency of a write operation in MPCAM.Moreover,it was demonstrated that the average read latency within a cluster is 1.26226±0.090591 ns and around 1.92738±0.139588 ns for read access between cores from different clusters.

Approach to Simplify the Development of IoT Systems that Interconnect Embedded Devices Using a Single Program

Many Internet of Things(IoT)systems are based on the intercommunication among different devices and centralized systems.Nowadays,there are several commercial and research platforms available to simplify the creation of such IoT systems.However,developing these systems can often be a tedious task.To address this challenge,a proposed solution involves the implementation of a unified program or script that encompasses the entire system,including IoT devices functionality.This approach is based on an abstraction,integrating the control of the devices in a single program through a programmable object.Subsequently,the proposal processes the unified script to generate the centralized system code and a controller for each device.By adopting this approach,developers will be able to create IoT systems with significantly reduced implementation costs,surpassing current platforms by more than 10%.The results demonstrate that the single program approach can significantly accelerate the development of IoT systems relying on device communication.

Fieldbus网络通信模型中的MAC层

针对现场总线网络模型的实时特征，讨论了其ＭＡＣ层中的通信协议问题，包括有ＦＢＣＯＳ／ＭＡＣ协议族的优先决策、实时虚电路和预约协议；ＦＢＣＬＳ／ＭＡＣ协议族的ＭＬＦ窗口协议和虚时间ＣＳＭＡ协议．在此基础上，概括和推广了基于ＭＬＦ窗口协议既支持ＦＢＣＯＳ又支持ＦＢＣＬＳ的统一窗口协议．不但完成了对ＦＢＣＯＳ／ＭＡＣ，而且也完成了对ＦＢＣＬＳ／ＭＡＣ通信协议的实时性、时间确定性和网络开销等通信模型进行了仿真分析，并且给出了数值结果．

基于Fieldbus技术的水泥粉尘静电除尘控制系统模型

为解决水泥生产企业高压静电除尘装置孤立分散控制、环境恶劣、记录繁琐、职业病多发、自动化程 度低及很难及时发现并处理各种故障等难题,应用现场总线(Fieldbus)技术对多台水泥除尘器进行综合控制．介 绍了现场总线技术的基本特点,设计了基于Fieldbus技术的六套水泥厂高压静电除尘器的网络模型,分析了网 段设计与网络模型实现方法．应用Fieldbus技术进行控制,可实现系统现场设备数字透叫的时实传输功能,提 高系统控制与管理水平,降低运行成本．

噪音环境下的FFFieldbus通讯性能研究

通过噪音对令牌运行过程的作用 ,本文分析了在噪音环境下 FF Fieldbus的性能变化 .本文首先建立了令牌运行过程的自动机模型 ,然后利用此模型分析了噪音对令牌运行方式的影响 .根据噪音的影响 ,本文推导出令牌运行时间和令牌平均运行时间 .最后利用解析表达式分析出噪音分布对 FF Fieldbus性能的影响 .

基于Fieldbus、Ethernet和OPC技术构建的DCS系统的研究与设计

为较好地解决多总线之间以及总线与组态上位机之间的通讯问题,本文提出了一种基于 Fieldbus、Ethernet 和 OPC 技术构建的DCS 实验系统,在详细介绍该系统网络结构及相关功能的同时,通过与传统 DCS 系统的比较,充分说明了由这三种技术构建的新型 DCS 系统的特点及意义。

基于Fieldbus的实验控制系统设计及应用

简介了现场总线技术,并简述了设计一套基于现场总线的实验控制系统设计思想和原则,控制对象的选取、软硬件构成及系统的示例性应用。该系统的建立可提供一个很好现场总线更深刻实验平台,并提高应用现场总线的能力。

FIELDBUS与NOVELL网互联技术的研究

本文通过对ＦＩＥＬＤＢＵＳ及ＮＯＶＥＬＬ网体系结构的分析，研究了ＦＩＥＬＤＢＵＳ与ＮＯＶＥＬＬ网互联的可能性及互联方法，并对其中的两种方法（基于ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ协议的互联方法和基于应用层的互联方法）的实现技术作了深入的探讨，并在实验室里实现了二者的互联。

基于无线现场总线R-fieldbus的智能家居网络设计

利用无线现场总线R-fieldbus构建智能家居网络系统,使用有线网段和无线网段相结合的无线现场总线R-fieldbus技术,针对智能小区物业和业主的不同需求,为其提供一个实时、高效、开放性的互联网络,从而实现住宅、小区的智能管理,满足人们对智能化家居网络的灵活性、便捷性等需求。

A multilevel nano-scale interconnection RLC delay model

Based on the multilevel interconnections temperature distribution model and the RLC interconnection delay model of the integrate circuit, this paper proposes a multilevel nano-scale interconnection RLC delay model with the method of numerical analysis, the proposed analytical model has summed up the influence of the configuration of multilevel interconnections, the via heat transfer and self-heating effect on the interconnection delay, which is closer to the actual situation. Delay simulation results show that the proposed model has high precision within 5% errors for global interconnections based on the 65 nm CMOS interconnection and material parameter, which can be applied in nanometer CMOS system chip computer-aided design.

基于Fieldbus和FIX聚乙烯催化剂生产监控系统的设计与实现

本文根据聚乙烯催化剂生产的特点,提出了一套现场总线监控系统的设计理论和实现方法。文章从上位机和智能仪表组态两方面分别做了论述。系统运行结果证明,该系统提高了生产控制的安全性、稳定性和经济性,同时也提高了生产效率,具有广阔的应用前景。