Counterfeiting of modern banknotes poses a significant challenge,prompting the use of various preventive measures.One such measure is the magnetic anti-counterfeiting strip.However,due to its inherent weak magnetic pr...Counterfeiting of modern banknotes poses a significant challenge,prompting the use of various preventive measures.One such measure is the magnetic anti-counterfeiting strip.However,due to its inherent weak magnetic properties,visualizing its magnetic distribution has been a longstanding challenge.In this work,we introduce an innovative method by using a fiber optic diamond probe,a highly sensitive quantum sensor designed specifically for detecting extremely weak magnetic fields.We employ this probe to achieve high-resolution imaging of the magnetic fields associated with the RMB 50denomination anti-counterfeiting strip.Additionally,we conduct computer simulations by using COMSOL Multiphysics software to deduce the potential geometric characteristics and material composition of the magnetic region within the anti-counterfeiting strip.The findings and method presented in this study hold broader significance,extending the RMB 50 denomination to various denominations of the Chinese currency and other items that employ magnetic anti-counterfeiting strips.These advances have the potential to significantly improve and promote security measures in order to prevent the banknotes from being counterfeited.展开更多
In this work a complete approach for estimation of the spatial resolution for the gamma camera imaging based on the [1] is analyzed considering where the body distance is detected (close or far way). The organ of inte...In this work a complete approach for estimation of the spatial resolution for the gamma camera imaging based on the [1] is analyzed considering where the body distance is detected (close or far way). The organ of interest most of the times is not well defined, so in that case it is appropriate to use elliptical camera detection instead of circular. The image reconstruction is presented which allows spatially varying amounts of local smoothing. An inhomogeneous Markov random field (M.r.f.) model is described which allows spatially varying degrees of smoothing in the reconstructions and a re-parameterization is proposed which implicitly introduces a local correlation structure in the smoothing parameters using a modified maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) denoted as one step late (OSL) introduced by [2].展开更多
High-angle annular dark field(HAADF)imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)has become an indispensable tool in materials science due to its ability to offer sub-°A resolution and provide chemic...High-angle annular dark field(HAADF)imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)has become an indispensable tool in materials science due to its ability to offer sub-°A resolution and provide chemical information through Z-contrast.This study leverages large language models(LLMs)to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of a large amount of HAADF-related literature(more than 41000 papers).By using LLMs,specifically ChatGPT,we were able to extract detailed information on applications,sample preparation methods,instruments used,and study conclusions.The findings highlight the capability of LLMs to provide a new perspective into HAADF imaging,underscoring its increasingly important role in materials science.Moreover,the rich information extracted from these publications can be harnessed to develop AI models that enhance the automation and intelligence of electron microscopes.展开更多
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),as a noninvasive and powerful method in modern diagnostics,has been advancing in leaps and bounds.Conventional methods to improve MRI based on increasing the static magnetic field stren...Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),as a noninvasive and powerful method in modern diagnostics,has been advancing in leaps and bounds.Conventional methods to improve MRI based on increasing the static magnetic field strength are restricted by safety concerns,cost issues,and the impact on patient experience;as such,innovative approaches are required.It has been suggested that metamaterials featuring subwavelength unit cells can be used to take full control of electromagnetic waves and redistribute electromagnetic fields,achieve abundant counterintuitive phenomena,and construct versatile devices.Recently,metamaterials with exotic effective electromagnetic parameters,peculiar dispersion relations,or tailored field distribution of resonant modes have shown promising capabilities in MRI.Herein,we outline the principle of the MRI process,review recent advances in enhancing MRI by employing the unique physical mechanisms of metamaterials,and demystify ways in which metamaterial designs could improve MRI,such as by enhancing the imaging quality,reducing the scanning time,alleviating field inhomogeneities,and increasing patient safety.We conclude by providing our vision for the future of improving MRI with metamaterials.展开更多
在地球观测领域,航空光学影像和机载激光探测与测距(light detection and ranging,LiDAR)点云是获取地表空间信息的主要数据源。精确的几何配准是融合这两类数据的前提。本文提出了一种像方距离场与物方平面约束联合的航空影像与激光点...在地球观测领域,航空光学影像和机载激光探测与测距(light detection and ranging,LiDAR)点云是获取地表空间信息的主要数据源。精确的几何配准是融合这两类数据的前提。本文提出了一种像方距离场与物方平面约束联合的航空影像与激光点云精确配准方法。该方法分为基于线元距离场的单像配准和线面约束结合的区域网平差两个阶段。在基于线元距离场的单像配准中,首先从航空影像和机载LiDAR点云中分别提取线元素,然后基于航空影像线元素构建距离场,并将点云线基元投影至像平面。通过渐进式稳健求解最小化点云投影线基元在距离场中的全局代价,从而实现单张影像与LiDAR点云的配准。在线面约束结合的区域网平差阶段,选择部分线特征分布较为密集的影像作为关键景影像,并对关键景影像中的同名线元素进行匹配,以提取控制点作为水平及高程约束。此外,还利用影像连接点到最近水平面的距离作为高程约束,通过区域网平差实现多视航空影像与机载点云的配准。试验结果表明,该方法能在初始值较差的情况下实现稳健配准,其配准精度优于点云间距,配准精度与配准效率都显著优于迭代最近点(iterative closest point,ICP)配准算法和通过跨模态匹配进行配准的策略。展开更多
We conducted a study on the numerical calculation and response analysis of a transient electromagnetic field generated by a ground source in geological media. One solution method, the traditional discrete image method...We conducted a study on the numerical calculation and response analysis of a transient electromagnetic field generated by a ground source in geological media. One solution method, the traditional discrete image method, involves complex operation, and its digital filtering algorithm requires a large number of calculations. To solve these problems, we proposed an improved discrete image method, where the following are realized: the real number of the electromagnetic field solution based on the Gaver-Stehfest algorithm for approximate inversion, the exponential approximation of the objective kernel function using the Prony method, the transient electromagnetic field according to discrete image theory, and closed-form solution of the approximate coefficients. To verify the method, we tentatively calculated the transient electromagnetic field in a homogeneous model and compared it with the results obtained from the Hankel transform digital filtering method. The results show that the method has considerable accuracy and good applicability. We then used this method to calculate the transient electromagnetic field generated by a ground magnetic dipole source in a typical geoelectric model and analyzed the horizontal component response of the induced magnetic field obtained from the "ground excitation-stratum measurement method. We reached the conclusion that the horizontal component response of a transient field is related to the geoelectric structure, observation time, spatial location, and others. The horizontal component response of the induced magnetic field reflects the eddy current field distribution and its vertical gradient variation. During the detection of abnormal objects, positions with a zero or comparatively large offset were selected for the drill- hole measurements or a comparatively long observation delay was adopted to reduce the influence of the ambient field on the survey results. The discrete image method and forward calculation results in this paper can be used as references for relevant research.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2021YFB2012600)the Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China (Grant No.SAST-2022-102)。
文摘Counterfeiting of modern banknotes poses a significant challenge,prompting the use of various preventive measures.One such measure is the magnetic anti-counterfeiting strip.However,due to its inherent weak magnetic properties,visualizing its magnetic distribution has been a longstanding challenge.In this work,we introduce an innovative method by using a fiber optic diamond probe,a highly sensitive quantum sensor designed specifically for detecting extremely weak magnetic fields.We employ this probe to achieve high-resolution imaging of the magnetic fields associated with the RMB 50denomination anti-counterfeiting strip.Additionally,we conduct computer simulations by using COMSOL Multiphysics software to deduce the potential geometric characteristics and material composition of the magnetic region within the anti-counterfeiting strip.The findings and method presented in this study hold broader significance,extending the RMB 50 denomination to various denominations of the Chinese currency and other items that employ magnetic anti-counterfeiting strips.These advances have the potential to significantly improve and promote security measures in order to prevent the banknotes from being counterfeited.
文摘In this work a complete approach for estimation of the spatial resolution for the gamma camera imaging based on the [1] is analyzed considering where the body distance is detected (close or far way). The organ of interest most of the times is not well defined, so in that case it is appropriate to use elliptical camera detection instead of circular. The image reconstruction is presented which allows spatially varying amounts of local smoothing. An inhomogeneous Markov random field (M.r.f.) model is described which allows spatially varying degrees of smoothing in the reconstructions and a re-parameterization is proposed which implicitly introduces a local correlation structure in the smoothing parameters using a modified maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) denoted as one step late (OSL) introduced by [2].
基金National Research Foundation(NRF)Singapore,under its NRF Fellowship(Grant No.NRFNRFF11-2019-0002).
文摘High-angle annular dark field(HAADF)imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)has become an indispensable tool in materials science due to its ability to offer sub-°A resolution and provide chemical information through Z-contrast.This study leverages large language models(LLMs)to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of a large amount of HAADF-related literature(more than 41000 papers).By using LLMs,specifically ChatGPT,we were able to extract detailed information on applications,sample preparation methods,instruments used,and study conclusions.The findings highlight the capability of LLMs to provide a new perspective into HAADF imaging,underscoring its increasingly important role in materials science.Moreover,the rich information extracted from these publications can be harnessed to develop AI models that enhance the automation and intelligence of electron microscopes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400602 and 2023YFA1407600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91850206,12374294,and 12004284)the Chenguang Program of Shanghai(Grant No.21CGA22).
文摘Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),as a noninvasive and powerful method in modern diagnostics,has been advancing in leaps and bounds.Conventional methods to improve MRI based on increasing the static magnetic field strength are restricted by safety concerns,cost issues,and the impact on patient experience;as such,innovative approaches are required.It has been suggested that metamaterials featuring subwavelength unit cells can be used to take full control of electromagnetic waves and redistribute electromagnetic fields,achieve abundant counterintuitive phenomena,and construct versatile devices.Recently,metamaterials with exotic effective electromagnetic parameters,peculiar dispersion relations,or tailored field distribution of resonant modes have shown promising capabilities in MRI.Herein,we outline the principle of the MRI process,review recent advances in enhancing MRI by employing the unique physical mechanisms of metamaterials,and demystify ways in which metamaterial designs could improve MRI,such as by enhancing the imaging quality,reducing the scanning time,alleviating field inhomogeneities,and increasing patient safety.We conclude by providing our vision for the future of improving MRI with metamaterials.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41304082)the Young Scientists Fund of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.D2014403011)the Geological survey project of China Geological Survey(No.12120114090201)
文摘We conducted a study on the numerical calculation and response analysis of a transient electromagnetic field generated by a ground source in geological media. One solution method, the traditional discrete image method, involves complex operation, and its digital filtering algorithm requires a large number of calculations. To solve these problems, we proposed an improved discrete image method, where the following are realized: the real number of the electromagnetic field solution based on the Gaver-Stehfest algorithm for approximate inversion, the exponential approximation of the objective kernel function using the Prony method, the transient electromagnetic field according to discrete image theory, and closed-form solution of the approximate coefficients. To verify the method, we tentatively calculated the transient electromagnetic field in a homogeneous model and compared it with the results obtained from the Hankel transform digital filtering method. The results show that the method has considerable accuracy and good applicability. We then used this method to calculate the transient electromagnetic field generated by a ground magnetic dipole source in a typical geoelectric model and analyzed the horizontal component response of the induced magnetic field obtained from the "ground excitation-stratum measurement method. We reached the conclusion that the horizontal component response of a transient field is related to the geoelectric structure, observation time, spatial location, and others. The horizontal component response of the induced magnetic field reflects the eddy current field distribution and its vertical gradient variation. During the detection of abnormal objects, positions with a zero or comparatively large offset were selected for the drill- hole measurements or a comparatively long observation delay was adopted to reduce the influence of the ambient field on the survey results. The discrete image method and forward calculation results in this paper can be used as references for relevant research.