Numerical simulation and combination optimization of aluminum holding furnace linings based on simulated annealing

To reduce heat loss and save cost, a combination decision model of reverb aluminum holding furnace linings in aluminum casting industry was established based on economic thickness method, and was resolved using simulated annealing. Meanwhile, a three-dimensional mathematical model of aluminum holding furnace linings was developed and integrated with user-defined heat load distribution regime model. The optimal combination was as follows: side wall with 80 mm alumino-silicate fiber felts, 232 mm diatomite brick and 116 mm chamotte brick; top wall with 50 mm clay castables, 110 mm alumino-silicate fiber felts and 200 mm refractory concrete;and bottom wall with 232 mm high-alumina brick, 60 mm clay castables and 68 mm diatomite brick. Lining temperature from high to low was successively bottom wall, side wall, and top wall. Lining temperature gradient in increasing order of magnitude was refractory layer and insulation layer. It was indicated that the results of combination optimization of aluminum holding furnace linings were valid and feasible, and its thermo-physical mechanism and cost characteristics were reasonably revealed.

Numerical Computation of Figure-eight Solution for 3-body Problems

The main goal of this paper is to compute the Figure-eight solutions for the planar Newtonian 3-body problem with equal masses by finding the critical points of the functional associated with the motion equations of 3-body in plane R2. The algorithm adopted here is the steepest descent method, which is simple but very valid for our problem.

A Numerical Study on Effects of Land-Surface Heterogeneity from' Combined Approach' on Atmospheric ProcessPart II: Coupling-Model Simulations

Two land surface schemes, one the standard Biosphere / Atmosphere Transfer Scheme Version ie (BOZ) and the other B1Z based on B0Z and heterogeneously-treated by' combined approach' , were co 'pled to the meso-scale model MM4, respectively. Through the calculations of equations from the companion paper, parameters representing land surface heterogeneity and suitable for the coupling models were found out. Three cases were simulated for heavy rainfalls during 36 hours, and the sensitivity of short-term weather modeling to the land surface heterogeneity was tested. Through the analysis of the simulations of the three heavy rainfalls, it was demonstrated that BIZ, compared with BOZ, could more realistically reflect the features of the land surface heterogeneity, therefore could more realistically reproduce the circulation and precipitation amount in the heavy rainfall processes of the three cases. This shows that even short-term weather is sensitive to the land surface heterogeneity, which is more obvious with time passing, and whose influence is more pronounced in the lower layer and gradually extends to the middle and upper layer. Through the analysis of these simulations with BlZ, it is suggested that the bulk effect of smaller-scale fluxes (i.e., the momentum, water vapor and sensible heat fluxes) near the s ig nificantly-heterogeneous land surface is to change the larger-scale (i.e., meso-scale) circulation, and then to influence the development of the low-level jets and precipitation. And also, the complexity of the land-atmosphere interaction was shown in these simulations.

The simulation of gas production from oceanic gas hydrate reservoir by the combination of ocean surface warm water flooding with depressurization

A new method is proposed to produce gas from oceanic gas hydrate reservoir by combining the ocean surface warm water flooding with depressurization which can efficiently utilize the synthetic effects of thermal, salt and depressurization on gas hydrate dissociation. The method has the advantage of high efficiency, low cost and enhanced safety. Based on the proposed conceptual method, the physical and mathematical models are established, in which the effects of the flow of multiphase fluid, the kinetic process of hydrate dissociation, the endothermic process of hydrate dissociation, ice-water phase equilibrium, salt inhibition, dispersion, convection and conduction on the hydrate disso- ciation and gas and water production are considered. The gas and water rates, formation pressure for the combination method are compared with that of the single depressurization, which is referred to the method in which only depres- surization is used. The results show that the combination method can remedy the deficiency of individual producing methods. It has the advantage of longer stable period of high gas rate than the single depressurization. It can also reduce the geologic hazard caused by the formation defor- mation due to the maintaining of the formation pressure by injected ocean warm water.

A Numerical Study on Effects of Land-Surface Heterogeneity from "Combined Approach" on Atmospheric Process Part I: Principle and Method

A method based on Giorgi (1997a, 1997b) and referred to as ’ combined approach’, which is a combi-nation of mosaic approach and analytical-statistical-dynamical approach, is proposed. Compared with those of other approaches, the main advantage of the combined approach is that it not only can represent both interpatch and intrapatch variability, but also cost less computational time when the land surface heterogeneity is considered. Because the independent variable of probability density function (PDF) is ex-tended to the single valued function of basic meteorological characteristic quantities, which is much more universal, the analytical expressions of the characteristic quantities (e.g., drag coefficient, snow coverage, leaf surface aerodynamical resistance) affected by roughness length are derived , when the roughness length(and / or the zero plane displacement) heterogeneity has been mainly taken into account with the approach. On the basis of the rule which the PDF parameters should follow, we choose a function y of the roughness length z 0 as the PDF independent variable, and set different values of the two parameters width ratio αn and height ratio γ of PDF (here a linear, symmetric PDF is applied) for sensitivity experiments, from which some conclusions can be drawn, e.g., relevant characteristic terms show different sensitivities to the heterogeneous characteristic (i.e., roughness length), which suggests that we should consider the heterogeneities of the more sensitive terms in our model instead of the heterogeneities of the rest, and which also implies that when the land surface scheme is coupled into the global or regional atmospheric model, sensitivity tests against the distribution of the heterogeneous characteristic are very necessary; when the parameter αn is close to zero, little heterogeneity is represented, and αn differs with cases, which have an upper limit of about 0.6; in the reasonable range of αn, a peak-like distribution of roughness length can be depicted by a small value of γ, etc.. Key words Representation of land surface heterogeneity - “ Combined approach” - Numerical experiment This work was supported by the National Sciences Foundation of China, Grant No.49875005 and the State Key Project (973) G19990434 (03).

A combined numerical tidal model for the Hangzhou Bay and Qiantang River

-In order to avoid prescribing open boundary condition on the upstream side of the Hangzhou Bay, in numerical simulation of the tides and residual currents of the Bay, a 1-D model for the Qiantang River is connected to the 2-D model for the Hangzhou Bay. The harmonic constants of diurnal constituent [ (K1+O1)/2],semidiurnal constituent (M2) and shallow water constituent (M4) are obtained. The results produced by the combined model are in better agreement with the observed ones than those produced solely by the original 2-D model. The combined model gives much more reliable results for tide-induced residual water level and current.

Numerical Experiment of Combined Infrared and Ultraviolet Radiation Remote Sensing to Determine the Profile and Total Content of Atmospheric Ozone

A new remote sensing method is described to determine the vertical distribution and total content of atmospheric ozone. The method combines surface infrared, satellite infrared and ultraviolet channels. The width of the infrared channels is 0.01 cm-1, less than Lorentz half-width at the earth's surface, rather than the present width, because these channels can obtain information about variations in the ozone profile below the profile main-peak. The numerical experiments show that the method has a satisfactory precision in determining total ozone content, just about I percent error, and vertical distribution from the earth to 65 km space. In addition, some semi-analysis functions lor calculating backscattered ultraviolet and a relaxation equation are described in this paper.

Study on the Law of the Movement and Damage to Slope with the Combination of Underground Mining and Open-Pit Mining

Under circumstances in which both underground mining and open-pit mining are employed, the mining effects of two approaches will be superposed and the mining slope will receive several induced stress fields, which makes the sliding mechanism and deformation law of slope rock mass more complicated. This paper, targeting at the east slope of Antaibao Mine with the joint employment of underground mining and open-pit mining, aims to study the moving law of the slope rock mass and the damage mechanism to the overburden of the goaf by numerical simulation. It is supposed that models of possible damage to the slope could be explored for guidance to safety-production of the mine.

Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Columns under Combined Axial Load and Bending in Accordance with a Nonlinear Numerical Model

A nonlinear numerical model was developed to analyze reinforced concrete columns under combined axial load and bending up to failure. Results of reinforced concrete columns under eccentric compression tested to failure are presented and compared to results from a numerical nonlinear model. The tests involved 10 columns with cross-section of 250 mm × 120 mm, geometrical reinforcement ratio of 1.57% and concrete with compression strength around 40 MPa, with 3,000 mm in length. The main variable was the load eccentricity in the direction of the smaller dimension of cross-section. Experimental results of ultimate load and of the evolution of transverse displacements and concrete strains are compared with the numerical results. The estimated results obtained by the numerical model are close to the experimental ones, being suitable for use in verification of elements under combined axial load and bending.

Combination Method for Parallel Computation in ODEs

In this paper, a 3rd order combination method with three processes and a 4th order combination method with five processes for solving ODEs are discussed. These methods are the Runge-Kutta method combined with a linear multistep method, which overcomes the defect of the 3rd order parallel Runge-Kutta method discussed in [1].

Class of modified parallel combined methods of real-time numerical simulation for a stiff system

A class of modified parallel combined methods of real-time numerical simulation are presented for a stiff dynamic system. By combining the parallelism across the system with the parallelism across the method, and relaxing the dependence of stage value computation on sampling time of input function, a class of modified real-time parallel combined methods are constructed. Stiff and nonstiff subsystems are solved in parallel on a parallel computer by a parallel Rosen-brock method and a parallel RK method, respectively. Their order conditions and convergences are discussed. The numerical simulation experiments show that this class of modified algorithms can get high speed and efficiency.

Entropy generation analysis from the time-dependent quadratic combined convective flow with multiple diffusions and nonlinear thermal radiation

Diffusions of multiple components have numerous applications such as underground water flow, pollutant movement, stratospheric warming, and food processing. Particularly, liquid hydrogen is used in the cooling process of the aeroplane. Further, liquid nitrogen can find applications in cooling equipment or electronic devices, i.e., high temperature superconducting(HTS) cables. So, herein, we have analysed the entropy generation(EG), nonlinear thermal radiation and unsteady(time-dependent) nature of the flow on quadratic combined convective flow over a permeable slender cylinder with diffusions of liquid hydrogen and nitrogen. The governing equations for flow and heat transfer characteristics are expressed in terms of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations. The solutions of these equations are attempted numerically by employing the quasilinearization technique with the implicit finite difference approximation. It is found that EG is minimum for double diffusion(liquid hydrogen and heat diffusion)than triple diffusion(diffusion of liquid hydrogen, nitrogen and heat). The enhancing values of the radiation parameter R_(d) and temperature ratio θ_(w) augment the fluid temperature for steady and unsteady cases as well as the local Nusselt number. Because, the fluid absorbs the heat energy released due to radiation, and in turn releases the heat energy from the cylinder to the surrounding surface.

支架固定馆藏人物俑文物的抗震优化设计研究

为优化支架固定馆藏人物俑文物的抗震效果,选取不同尺寸和体态的典型地震易损人物俑文物复制品(武士俑和唐三彩人物俑),开展文物复制品-优化组合措施(支架和卡固件)抗震系统振动台试验,获得影响文物复制品运动状态的关键优化参数、文物复制品与支架相互作用规律,并检验组合措施对较大体积人物俑文物的抗震固定效果。建立文物复制品-组合措施相互作用系统数值分析模型,通过参数分析,获得支架与文物间安装缝隙、在安装缝隙内填充不同种类隔震垫对文物动力响应的影响、文物复制品与固定措施相互作用规律及采用独立支架/组合措施有效固定人物俑的最小支架尺寸,为兼顾安全性及最小干预原则的固定措施优化设计提供必要依据。结果表明:相比独立支架,组合措施能够有效降低人物俑文物动力响应,有效提高固定效果;为保证人物俑文物安全,建议支架与文物间安装缝隙不大于5 mm;在缝隙中填充橡胶垫及硅胶垫可使文物与支架间相互作用力降低50%~75%,有效防止文物局部损伤;当人物俑文物体型超过一定限值,独立支架不再适用,建议选择支架和随形卡固件组合措施。

基于组合权重的文一路地下空间开发适宜性评价

对地下空间开发适宜性进行科学、合理的评价,是避免地下空间资源浪费,保证其健康可持续发展的前提。基于地形地貌、工程地质、水文地质、不良地质作用和建设现状构建地下空间开发适宜性评价指标体系,通过数值模拟确定盾构隧道施工的影响范围,完成建设现状评价指标分级量化;分别采用层次分析法和熵权法计算评价指标主观和客观权重,通过博弈论确定组合权重。在此基础上,利用综合指数法对杭州市文一路地下空间开发适宜性进行评价。通过评价结果对比分析和学院路地下工程实例,验证了评价模型的可靠性,为地下空间开发规划提供指导和借鉴。

倾斜煤层采空区煤柱失稳边坡稳定性研究

为了探究平庄西露天矿露井联采扰动下采空区煤柱失稳对边坡稳定性影响。采用相似模拟实验和数值模拟方法,研究平庄西露天矿不同开采阶段及采空区煤柱失稳边坡应力-位移-塑性区的演化规律及安全系数变化。研究结果表明:采空区煤柱失稳垮塌,对坡体的中上部影响较大,从而引起应力集中区域产生裂隙;在煤层采动期间边坡中部顶端达到剪切破坏的临界值,但随着采空区煤柱坍塌,坡体重心后移,剪应力减小,一定程度上抑制坡体向下滑移;采空区煤柱坍塌,边坡安全系数降低,边坡由稳定转为基本稳定状态,稳定性降低,滑坡的可能性增加。研究结果可为露天矿井工开采提供理论指导。

航空餐车-织物袋组合装置的抗爆特性研究

为了提高民机客舱安保技术水平,提出将航空餐车与织物袋组合形成民机客舱爆炸包容装置,来作为客舱内应急处置疑似爆炸物的潜在解决方式。针对航空餐车及航空餐车-织物袋组合装置,开展了内爆试验且进行了有限元仿真,对比了内爆场下二者的响应历程及失效形式,通过试验验证有限元模型的准确性,并分析了内部填充物及织物袋厚度对结构抗爆性能的影响。研究结果表明:爆炸冲击载荷下,织物袋赋予了航空餐车显著的抗爆能力,航空餐车弥补了织物袋的易燃短板;增加座椅垫作为内部填充物时,座椅垫吸能占吸能总量的74%,并降低了航空餐车的变形及失效规模,对于爆炸能量的耗散起到了关键作用;航空餐车-织物袋组合装置各自可拆卸,织物袋厚度对相同药量下各部分的吸能能力影响不明显。组合装置可用作民机客舱爆炸包容装置,作为客舱内应急处置疑似爆炸物的解决方案。

三气合采井下分层调控工具高速流体冲蚀研究

目的针对三气合采复杂工况导致井下分层调控工具易冲蚀失效的问题,开展高速气固混合流体对该工具冲蚀规律研究,以获得其最优结构设计参数。方法通过计算流体力学的方法建立了井下分层调控工具的三维冲蚀模型,并采用离散相模型描述了固相颗粒的运动轨迹。通过数值模拟分析,得到了井下分层调控工具的易冲蚀区域,并通过实验验证了不同结构参数和产量下的冲蚀破坏机理。结果冲蚀磨损区域主要分布在笼套段底部、节流孔及其内壁面、笼套段与固定油嘴的过渡段、固定油嘴入口端、固定油嘴内壁面。随着固定油嘴入口角度增大,固定油嘴内壁面最大冲蚀率变化不大,过渡段和固定油嘴入口端最大冲蚀率先增大后减小再增大。随着笼套底部半径增大,笼套段底部最大冲蚀率处于较低水平且无明显变化,但节流孔及其内壁面最大冲蚀率逐渐增大。随着笼套式阀芯开度增大,节流孔及内壁面最大冲蚀率处于较低水平且无明显变化,过渡段及油嘴入口端最大冲蚀率在阀芯开度为60%时取得最大值。随着固相颗粒粒径以及质量流量的增大,节流孔及内壁面、过渡段和固定油嘴入口端最大冲蚀率呈增大趋势,笼套段底部和固定油嘴内壁面最大冲蚀率较低且无明显变化。结论本研究结果揭示了高速高压气固两相流对两级节流结构的冲蚀破坏机理,在设计同类井下工具时,可选择固定油嘴进口角为25°~30°,笼套底部半径为25~30 mm,阀芯开度小于50%或大于70%。

胜利油田油藏数值模拟技术新进展及发展方向

油藏数值模拟技术是油藏分析的重要手段,是油田开发人员编制开发方案、开展动态跟踪调整、进行提高油藏采收率研究等工作的有力工具。为明确胜利油田油藏数值模拟技术的未来发展方向,回顾了胜利油田60年以来油藏数值模拟应用技术和自主知识产权软件研发的发展历程,着重总结了“十三五”以来适配油田当前地质及开发特征的特高含水期精细油藏描述、低渗透油藏压驱开发、非均相复合驱、稠油油藏多元热复合驱、CO_(2)高压混相驱、页岩油大规模压裂整体开发等多个领域的数值模拟应用技术创新性进展;介绍了涵盖水驱、化学驱、微观、智能模拟等不同方向的多款胜利特色油藏数值模拟软件的研发及应用情况。最后指出在当前胜利油田的开发形势下,油藏数值模拟在精细程度、规模、效率和协作方式等方面面临着更大的挑战,油藏数值模拟需要进一步向一体化、并行化、智能化方向发展,为胜利油田开发提质增效提供技术支撑。

HUW组合钢板桩在软土地基深基坑工程中的 适应性分析

目的:本研究旨在分析HUW组合钢板桩在软土地基深基坑工程中的结构适应性,以期为相似地区深基坑工程提供理论支持。方法:基于某软土地区科技产业园深基坑工程,运用ABAQUS有限元软件,通过增量法模拟实际开挖过程,计算正常开挖下的结构变形和土体位移,从而分析HUW组合钢板桩在实际工程中的结构可行性。结果:随着基坑的逐层开挖,基坑边缘的沉降值逐步增大,尤其在软土地基条件下,地表沉降现象更为明显。针对6.3米深基坑的开挖,HUW组合钢板桩的最大水平位移为22.78毫米,符合基坑施工规范的要求。结论:HUW组合钢板桩在实际工程中具备可行性,可为类似工程提供理论参考。但土体受侧向约束的影响,在边界区域会形成局部隆起,因此需对边坡边缘进行加固处理。

风浪联合作用下深水半潜平台耐波性能的数值模拟

通过数值模拟方法,研究风浪联合作用下深水半潜平台的耐波性能。该方法通过建立风速与波浪相干函数模型,利用该模型获得当前深水半潜平台不同工况下风速与海浪的关系,再计算风浪联合作用下深水半潜平台的海浪作用力和风作用力,以2个数值为基础,构建深水半潜平台耐波性能数值模拟模型,在不同情况下模拟风浪联合作用下深水半潜平台耐波性能。实验结果表明:该方法可在不同波浪周期时,模拟风浪联合作用下深水半潜平台的横荡和垂荡数值,在波浪周期较小时,垂荡与横荡数值也较小,深水半潜平台的耐波能力较强;风浪角越大,在波浪周期相同时深水半潜平台的垂向弯矩数值越大,其耐波能力则较小。