Scavenging Effects of Kaolin on Fine Ash Formation during Zhundong Coal Combustion

The previous work found that the additive kaolin could scavenge not only sodium(Na)but also calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg),which is the important ash fluxing agents in low rank coal combustion.Such scavenging effects of kaolin on fine ash formation were studied in the present work.A typical Zhundong coal and its blends with kaolin at dosages of 1,2 and 4 wt%were combusted in an electrically heated drop tube furnace(DTF)at 1300℃.The fine ashes generated were collected and size segregated by a low pressure impactor(LPI).The morphology and chemical composition of fine ash were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energydispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS).In addition,char/ash particles were sampled at various positions of DTF to elucidate how kaolin additive affected the fine ash formation process.The results further showed that apart from the scavenging of volatile Na,kaolin additive could also strongly scavenge the refractory Ca,Mg and Fe in the fine ash during Zhundong coal combustion,which transformed the sintered particles with irregular shape into melted spherical particles,and finally resulted in the considerable decrease of these elements in both PM_(0.4)and PM_(0.4-10)by melting and agglomeration.The close contacts between kaolin particles and coal resulted from physically mixing were a key factor responsible for the reaction of kaolin with the refractory Ca,Mg and Fe.

Modification of Melting Combustion Kinetic Model of Fine Ash from Entrained-Flow Gasifier

Coal gasification technology is a prominent technology in the coal chemical industry and serves as the fundamental basis for various process industries,including coal-based chemicals,coal-based liquid fuels,Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle(IGCC) power generation,multi-generation systems,hydrogen production,and fuel cells.The gasification process generates significant quantities of ash residue,with annual emissions exceeding tens of millions of tons and accumulation reaching hundreds of millions of tons.Accordingly,there is an urgent need to investigate methods for its disposal.The combustion of gasified fine ash(GFA) was conducted in a tube furnace,and the conventional shrinking core model was modified to accurately predict the combustion behaviors at different temperatures(900℃-1500℃).We divided the reaction temperatures into three ranges,which is defined as unmelted combustion(TFT) and mixed combustion(DTFT),the surface ash of GFA grains fell off,and the residual carbon and gas-phase reactants were nearly no longer affected by the diffusion resistance,thus significantly accelerated the reaction of internal residual carbon.In order to predict the melt combustion process more accurately,the time term of the shrinkage core model(SCM) is modified,and the effective diffusion coefficient of T>FT is defined.

A Study on the Effect of Low Calcium Ultra-fine Fly Ash as a Partial Sustainable Supplementary Material to Cement in Self-compacting Concrete

The aim and scope of the present study were to determine the efficacy of UFFA in evaluating the workability,static and dynamic stabilization properties,retention period,and slump loss of SCC systems in their fresh state,as well as their compressive strength at various ages.Microstructure(SEM and XRD)of blended SCC systems were studied.Also,the thermogravimetry behavior of blended SCC specimens were researched.According to the evaluated results,incorporating up to 20%UFFA into fresh concrete improved its performance due to its engineered fine particle size and spherical geometry,both of which contribute to the enhancement of characteristics.Blends of 25%and 30%of UFFA show effect on the water-binder ratio and chemical enhancer dosage,resulting in a loss of homogeneity in fresh SCC systems.The reduced particle size,increased amorphous content,and increased surface area all contribute to the pozzolanic reactivity of the early and later ages,resulting in denser packing and thus an increase in compressive strength.The experimental results indicate that UFFA enhances the properties of SCC in both its fresh and hardened states,which can be attributed to the particles’fineness and their relative effect on SCC.

Influence of ultra-fine fly ash on hydration shrinkage of cement paste

Hydration shrinkage generated by cement hydration is the cause of autogenous shrinkage of high strength concrete. It may result in the volume change and even cracking of mortar and concrete. According to the data analysis in a series of experimental studies, the influence of ultra-fine fly ash on the hydration shrinkage of composite cementitious materials was investigated. It is found that ultra-fine fly ash can reduce the hydration shrinkage of cement paste effectively, and the more the ultra-fine fly ash, the less the hydration shrinkage. Compared with cement paste without the ultra-fine fly ash, the shrinkage ratio of cement paste reduces from 23.4% to 39.7% when the ultra-fine fly ash replaces cement from 20% to 50%. Moreover, the microscopic mechanism of the ultra-fine fly ash restraining the hydration shrinkage was also studied by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and hydrated equations. The results show that the hydration shrinkage can be restrained to a certain degree because the ultra-fine fly ash does not participate in the hydration at the early stage and the secondary hydration products are different at the later stage.

Comparative Characteristics of Hydrated Lime with Fine Sewage Sludge Ash (FSSA) and Coal Fly Ash (CFA)

The disposal of waste has become an environmental issue due to the limited available landfilling space. This paper aims to compare the characteristics of hydrated lime with fine sewage sludge ash (FSSA) and coal fly ash (CFA). Multiple techniques, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), compressive strengths, thermophysical properties, and setting time were used to assess the physicochemical characteristics of the lime-based materials. X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction were used to determine the chemical composition and phases of ashes, lime and binders. The results showed that the chemical composition of ashes is similar to that of cement. Besides glass, the main minerals identified in CFA and FSSA are quartz (SiO2) and anhydrite (CaSO4). Moreover, calcium aluminium oxide (Ca3Al2O6) was detected for CFA and phosphorus calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2) for FSSA and minor phases were detected for both. FTIR measurements were carried out to characterize the inorganics components of different samples. Compressive strengths of mortars with different formulations have shown that both have a long-term positive effect which might be related to a pozzolanic activity. For the CFA the L3 binder consisting of 60% of coal fly ash and 40% lime has a higher compressive strength than the others while for the FSSA the L4 binder consisting of 80% fine ash and 20% lime has a higher compressive strength than the others. Both binders setting start times are greater than that of cement but shorter than that of lime. The study of the thermophysical properties of binders shows that they have a higher thermal resistance than cement mortar. Moreover, binders heat up less quickly because of their low effusivity compared to cement. Lime-based materials system could be a promising option to both relieve the waste disposal pressure and provide a potential sustainable construction material.

THE STUDY OF THE BASIC THEORY AND THE APPLICATION OF REMOVAL PYRITE AND ASH FROM FINE COAL WITH ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATOR

The effect of removing pyrite and ash ffom fine coal with electrostatic separator is determined by the electric property of coal, the distribution of corona ion and etectrostatic field, and the disperse and even feed. The dielectric constant of coal and mineral matter is studied in this paper and the amendment has been made to survey theory. The oscillogram is adopted to study the distribution of corona ion and electrostatic field.The paper details the study of remoing pyrite and ash from fine coal, and the test results demonstrate the high efficiency of removing pyrite and ash with electrostatic separator.

潮湿细粒煤复合式干法分选特性研究

为研究潮湿细粒煤复合式干法分选效率,对潮湿细粒煤进行了振动强度和气速的单因素试验,结合RSM-BBD预测模型获得了最优参数;并探索了不同水分的原煤在不同分选时间内的分选效果,同时分析了气流对潮湿细粒煤分选过程的影响,并评价了分选效果。结果表明:随着分选时长的增加,分选效果明显提高,最大灰分离析度可达12.05。试验煤样在气速为0.78 m/s,振动频率为25 Hz,振幅为3 mm时达到最佳分选效果,此时可能偏差E=0.135 g/cm^(3),且在此条件下分选产品有很好的脱水效果,复合式干法分选可实现潮湿煤炭的提质。该研究可以对细粒煤炭的干法分选工艺提供理论和技术支持。

超声空化-流体剪切协同强化油团聚分选煤气化细渣

煤气化细渣(CGFS)具有较高的利用价值,但残炭回收率低极大地制约了其资源化利用。油团聚分选法在CGFS分选过程中具有明显优势,但炭灰共生结构严重限制了油团聚分选效率。为突破油团聚法分离富集残炭技术的瓶颈问题,考察了超声时间、超声功率、流体剪切时间及其交互作用对油团聚分选效果的影响,并结合BET、粒度分布、FT-IR、XPS以及SEM-EDS等分析手段,揭示了超声空化-流体剪切(UC-FS)协同预处理对油团聚分选效果的强化机理。结果表明:当超声功率为270 W、超声处理时间29 min、流体剪切时间23 min时,能分选得到灰分为9.55%的精矿、灰分为91.51%的尾矿,可燃体回收率可提高至90.54%。超声空化作用使原本致密的炭灰结构逐渐松散,与流体剪切的冲刷作用协同促进CGFS的孔隙结构的发展,使炭灰颗粒解离度增加,从而降低了精矿灰分。UC-FS协同预处理能够有效增加残炭表面C—C、C=C以及C—H等疏水基团的比例,使其接触角由110.34°增加到121.16°,扩大了炭和灰颗粒表面疏水性差异,提高了油团聚分选的效果。UC-FS协同预处理使炭灰颗粒高效分离的强化作用主要归因于超声空化气泡与细粒微球耦合产生的微磨料效应。可为实现CGFS分质资源化利用提供理论基础和技术指导。

动力煤选煤厂煤泥梯级提质及无量化研究

为了适应煤泥减量化的需求,以淮北桃园选煤厂动力煤为研究对象,基于煤泥粒度、密度和矿物组成分析,提出了三阶段煤泥减量化的技术路线,确定了粗煤泥重选和尾煤泥深度浮选的梯级降灰提质以及细煤泥新型压滤机降水提质方案。研究结果表明:粗煤泥分别采用干扰床分选机和螺旋分选机进行分选试验,以螺旋分选粗精煤产率更高,产率为88.82%,灰分为23.05%;尾煤泥采用一次浮选回收,当药剂用量为0.45kg/t,入料浓度为90g/L时,精煤产率为41.31%,灰分为15.74%,发热量可提高到20.97MJ/kg。经过粗煤泥分选、尾煤泥浮选以及细煤泥脱水,粗精煤和精煤泥的发热量分别提高了23.50%,65.30%,煤泥经降水后可全部回掺,其掺混后商品煤发热量为21.32MJ/kg,实现了动力煤选煤厂的煤泥无量化。

气化细灰高碳组分和化工污泥与煤协同制浆研究

对气化细灰高碳组分和化工污泥与煤协同制浆进行研究,有助于气化细灰和煤化工污泥的减量化及资源化利用,可为开发煤化工固废与煤协同制备高质量气化水煤浆技术提供支撑。针对气化细灰高碳组分和化工污泥在与煤协同制浆过程中存在的煤浆质量差的关键问题,采用气化细灰高碳组分和改性化工污泥与煤掺混制浆,通过分析固废不同研磨时间和掺混比例对混合煤浆黏度、流动性、粒度分布、纳米CT技术和接触角的影响,揭示煤化工固废的掺入对煤浆性能的作用机制。结果表明,改性污泥和高碳细灰与煤直接掺混制浆,掺混量每增加1个百分点,煤浆浓度降低约0.3~0.7个百分点;通过细磨或超细磨则可改善改性污泥、高碳细灰对煤浆成浆浓度的影响,在相同条件下与不进行研磨的制浆工艺相比,细磨后的煤浆浓度提升0.3~0.4个百分点。由于细灰和污泥的加入而使制浆原料与水的接触角降低,成浆性变差,煤浆浓度降低;细磨后的细灰、污泥与煤之间形成粒度级配,超细颗粒包覆在粗颗粒表面而具有润滑的作用,从而导致研磨后的固废掺入对煤浆浓度的影响降低。

辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚协同煤油改善高灰细煤浮选试验研究

针对传统捕收剂对高灰细煤浮选产率低、选择性差等问题,采用了辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-4)与煤油协同浮选某地高灰无烟煤,探究了OP-4的用量和复合方式对高灰细煤浮选的影响。结果表明:OP-4与煤油分步投加时的浮选效果优于同时投加;相比于纯煤油,60 g/t的OP-4与1200 g/t的煤油分步投加,浮选的可燃体回收率提高了8.29%,浮选完善度提高了15.55%。当OP-4用量为120 g/t时,浮选完善度反而下降。

叠层高频细筛在选煤厂粗煤泥处理中的应用

选煤厂粗煤泥处理系统中粒级<0.15 mm的高灰细泥含量较高,导致得到的粗精煤泥产品灰分较高(普遍在14%以上)且振动弧形筛底流“跑粗”问题突出,给后续浮选系统带来影响。在对粗煤泥回收工艺进行分析的基础上,提出用D5Z1216叠层高频细筛代替振动弧形筛优化改造粗煤泥系统。对D5Z1216叠层高频细筛结构及运行原理进行分析,并探讨现场应用效果。结果表明,D5Z1216叠层高频细筛代替振动弧形筛后可有效减少粗精煤泥产品灰分含量并避免底流“跑粗”问题,有助于实现浮选轻量化,改造后选煤厂精煤产率提升约3%,年增加精煤产量约4.5万吨,直接增加销售收入约1350万元,D5Z1216叠层高频细筛现场应用效果显著。

兴县中投国能洗煤厂的工艺设备改造

针对兴县中投国能洗煤厂原煤处理量小、煤泥水中高灰细泥循环、高频筛处理能力小、检修空间布局不合理、重点设备老化严重等问题,为进一步增加处理量、提高回收率、减少事故时间,提升洗煤厂综合效率,采用了打破煤泥闭路循环、增加煤泥分级旋流器预处理煤泥水、更换关键数质量设备等方法进行工艺设备改造,提升了洗煤厂的综合经济效益。

大屯选煤厂煤泥浮选系统优化研究

介绍了大屯选煤厂细煤泥回收系统的技术诊断情况,分析了现行工艺存在的浮选精煤灰分超标、浮选尾煤灰分偏低和工艺流程复杂等问题。分析了正常生产和提高一次浮选尾煤灰分条件下浮选工艺运行效果,并结合煤泥粒度、密度、可浮性的研究,提出“一次浮选精煤全部进行二次浮选”的细煤泥回收系统改造思路,并设计了“浮选机+浮选柱”的二次浮选工艺改造方案,可以在确保最终浮选精煤灰分合格的同时提高精煤回收率。

杨村高硫煤高压电选脱硫降灰试验研究

针对兖矿能源股份有限公司杨村煤矿原煤含硫量较高的现状,根据其物理化学性质对其进行高压电选脱硫试验研究,并对可能影响分选效果的电压、圆筒转速、板极间距等因素进行了试验。结果表明:在电机电压为31 kV、转速为80 r/min、板极间距为35 mm时分选效果较好。经过综合试验可以得到产率35.14%、灰分7.73%、硫分2.24%的精煤。

细砂及粉煤灰基泡沫轻质土应力与应变特性试验研究

为了探究细砂及粉煤灰基泡沫轻质土(FLS)的应力与应变特性,文章以水泥、粉煤灰、细砂、水和泡沫为原材料制备试样,进行了无侧限抗压强度试验。试验结果表明,FLS的应力与应变曲线呈软化型,其轴向应力随应变的增加先增加后减少。当湿密度、水胶比和细砂含量分别为600 kg/m3、0.60和20%时,FLS的28 d无侧限抗压强度为0.84 MPa。FLS的无侧限抗压强度与细砂含量呈负线性相关。提出的复合正弦-指数模型(CSE)可以有效地表征FLS的应力与应变特性,可为FLS的工程设计及理论分析提供依据。

细梗制梗丝工艺参数设计及应用于细支卷烟效果评价

为比较细梗梗丝与常规梗丝之间的差异,本研究对两种制梗丝工艺参数及其在细支卷烟中的应用效果进行对比评价。结果表明,与常规梗丝相比,细梗梗丝具有填充值小、整丝率及抗造碎性低的特点;细梗梗丝的还原糖、烟碱、总氮、木质素、纤维素和蛋白质等含量略低于常规梗丝,中性香味成分吡嗪类物质、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮含量略高于常规梗丝;细梗梗丝具有降低焦油、烟气一氧化碳含量,以及包灰裂口率小、燃烧速率慢等特点,相同梗丝比例掺配细梗梗丝的卷烟单支质量稳定性、感官质量优于常规梗丝样品。

煤泥深度浮选脱灰提质增值化利用试验研究

炼焦煤煤泥经深度脱灰提质后的高品质精煤产品可作为1种优质的炼焦原料,从而有效实现对炼焦煤煤泥的增值化利用。拟以内蒙古某洗煤厂的炼焦煤煤泥为试验对象并进行浮选试验研究,探究不同磨矿细度、捕收剂和抑制剂对浮选试验结果的影响规律,以期优化浮选流程结构。结果表明,控制磨矿细度为<0.074 mm占97.12%,以M231作为捕收剂、D8211作为抑制剂,采用带有精扫选的“一粗-一扫-三精”浮选试验流程,针对煤泥特点与性质进行全流程闭路浮选试验而得到精煤和尾煤产品,其精煤灰分在12%以内,尾煤灰分在82%以上。精煤产品达到炼焦原料的要求,尾煤可以用作建材原料,可实现炼焦煤煤泥深度脱灰提质的增值化利用与高效回收。

绿水洞煤矿选煤厂粗煤泥系统改造实践

绿水洞煤矿选煤厂由于缺少粗煤泥回收环节,导致1~0.25 mm部分粗煤泥直接回收作为中煤,造成粗精煤泥产品的损失,影响了选煤厂综合经济效益。结合现场实际及工艺分析,制定并实施了分级旋流器+FBS流化床分选机+叠层高频细筛+煤泥离心机的粗煤泥回收系统优化改造方案。改造实践表明,系统稳定运行,粗精煤泥灰分稳定控制在10%~10.5%范围内,粗精煤泥产量5.88万t/a,有效减少了精煤损失,为选煤厂提质增效发挥了积极作用。