Heterogeneous catalysis under flow for the 21st century fine chemical industry

Due to metal leaching and poor catalyst stability, the chemical industry's fine chemical and pharmaceutical sectors have been historically reluctant to use supported transition metal catalysts to manufacture fine chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. With the advent of new generation supported metal catalysts and flow chemistry, we argue in this study, this situation is poised to quickly change. Alongside heterogenized metal nanoparticles, both single-site molecular and single-atom catalyst will become ubiquitous. This study offers a critical outlook taking into account both technical and economic aspects.

Carbon Monoxide as C1 Building Block in Fine Chemical Synthesis

Carbon monoxide(CO)has become one of the most relevant and versatile renewable C1 building blocks for chemical synthesis,especially in the fine chemicals industry,due to the development of efficient and selective catalysts for its activation.In this review,we present a comprehensive critical analysis of the last 10 years literature on the use of CO as a renewable feedstock for fine chemicals production.The review is organized by type of catalytic reaction,namely alkene and alkyne carbonylation,hydroformylation,carbonylation of aryl halides,carbonylative cross-coupling and C-H carbonylation.Notable examples of the synthesis of relevant building blocks and/or known pharmaceuticals are highlighted.Emphasis is placed on examples of utilizing CO as the C1 building block in one or more catalytic steps.The catalyst used and the reaction conditions are consistently presented throughout all of the examples.

Long-term trends of fine particulate matter and chemical composition in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone （PRDEZ）, China

Understanding essential for formulating the trends in PM2.5 levels is clean air plans. This paper analyzes PM2.5 data from various published sources for the years 2000 to 2010 in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone （PRDEZ）. The long-term variation in PM2.5 mass concentration is analyzed. Results show that PM2.5, organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC）, and SO24 show a similar trend, increasing before 2005 and then decreasing slightly. The annual average PM2.5 concentra- tion ranges from 49.1 μg·m-3 in 2000 to 64.3 μg·m-3 in 2010, with a peak of 84.1 μg· m3 in 2004. None of these 11 years meets the new National Ambient Air Quality standard （NAAQS） for PM2.5 （35 μg· m-3）. Overall average concentrations of OC, EC, and SO2/4 are 13.0, 6.5, and 11.8μg·m-3, respectively. NO3 and NH＋ respectively have concentrations of 1.5 μg·m-3 and 2.9 μg·m-3 in 2000 and 6.4 μg·m 3 and 5.3μg·m-3 in 2010, with a statistically significant average annual trend of＋ 0.2 μg·m-3 ·yr-1 and ＋ 0.1 μg· m-3. yr-1. In certain geographic regions, OC and EC contribute most of the PM2.5, while in other regions secondary water-soluble ions are more important. In general, OC and SO2/4- are the dominant components of PM2.5, contributing 20.6% and 18.6%, respectively. These results provide, for the first time, a better understanding of the long-term PM2.5 characteristics and trends, on a species-by-species basis, in the PRDEZ. The results indicate that PM2.5 abatement needs to prioritize secondary species.

Henan Lushan Fine Chemicals Co.Ltd.

Henan Lushan Fine Chemicals Co.Ltd.is mainly engaged in developing and producing high technology products,at present L-WCRNi quaternary alloy.Adopting advanced

Chemical Modification of Silk Proteins: Current Status and Future Prospects

Silk extracted from the cocoon of silkworm has been used as textile materials for thousands of years.Recently,silk has been redefined as a protein-based biomaterial with great potential in biomedical applications owing to its excellent mechanical properties,biocompatibility,and biodegradability.With the advances in silk processing technologies,a broad range of intriguing silk-based functional biomaterials have been made and applied for various biomedical uses.However,most of these materials are based on natural silk proteins without chemical modification,leading to limited control of properties and functions(e.g.,biodegradability and bioactivity).A chemical toolbox for modifying the silk proteins is required to achieve versatile silk-based materials with precisely designed properties or functions for different applications.Furthermore,inspired by the traditional fine chemical industry based on synthetic chemistry,developing silk-based fine chemicals with special functions can significantly extend the applications of silk materials,particularly in biomedical fields.This review summarizes the recent progress on chemical modification of silk proteins,focusing on the methodologies and applications.We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of these chemically modified silk proteins.

Recent Advances on Metal-Organic Frameworks in the Conversion of Carbon Dioxide

With the development of modern industry,global warming is becoming a challenging issue due to the emissions of large quantities of greenhouse gases,mainly carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).The conversion of CO_(2)to useful compounds is considered as an effective and economic way to solve such a climate problem.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are an emerging class of porous crystalline materials that have shown great potential in the conversion of CO_(2).The advantages of MOFs in CO 2 conversion lie in their high surface areas,adjustable pore size,and high porosity.More importantly,desirable functional sites can be easily designed and precisely installed to the pore wall of target MOFs by pre-assembly and/or post-synthetic modification(PSM)ways.This review summarizes the recent advances in constructing MOF catalysts for the application in CO_(2)conversion.We believe that the design and synthesis of MOF catalysts for CO_(2)conversion can be a promising way to solve the“greenhouse effect”.

Particulate matter characterization in a steelworks using conventional sampling and innovative lidar observations

Particulate matter （PM） emissions from steelworks cause public concern. Although end-of-pipe and pro- cess integrated measures have led to a significant drop in emissions of large particles from stacks, fine aerosols were not specifically considered, nor were emissions from fugitive and open sources. In this study, we deployed aerosol samplers together with a scanning ultra-violet （UV） lidar to characterize total suspended particles （TSP）, PM10, and PM2.5, in emissions from a large integrated steelworks in Spain over a 16-day period. We determined the content of carbonaceous, soluble inorganic, mineral dust, and metal species. A positive matrix factorization was carried out on our dataset. Despite mineral dust being predominant in all size fractions, the steelworks was clearly a source of carbonaceous species, resulting in production of secondary inorganic aerosols. In particular, stack emissions were a major contributor of fine particles, while open sources dominated the emissions of TSP, yielding up to 80% of particles larger than PM10. UV lidar provided 2D maps of aerosols in real time, with an ability to detect PM emissions and to visualize complex plumes. We suggest that air quality management of steelworks needs to focus on controlling large and coarse oarticle emissions, esoeciallv those from onen sources.