In order to precisely measure the diameters for obtaining the fineness of rolling raw silk, the physical features of raw silk are analyzed. By means of Fresnel principle, diffractions caused by different transparent r...In order to precisely measure the diameters for obtaining the fineness of rolling raw silk, the physical features of raw silk are analyzed. By means of Fresnel principle, diffractions caused by different transparent raw silk filaments are analyzed and simulated. Image data of raw silk filament measured by digital CMOS camera are analyzed and processed for obtaining the precise diameters of the filamerit with the relative error of less than 1%. On the assumption of appropriate elliptic cross-section of the filament, the cross-section area is calculated as the fineness of the filament. Measurement experiments are carded out. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for photoelectric measuring the fineness of raw silk.展开更多
Highly accurate algebraic relations between the fine structure constant a and a wide range of particle masses are given, ranging from Δa/a = (2.1 ±0.1)×10<sup>-7</sup> to &Del...Highly accurate algebraic relations between the fine structure constant a and a wide range of particle masses are given, ranging from Δa/a = (2.1 ±0.1)×10<sup>-7</sup> to Δa/a = (-2.7 ±0.3 ±0.6)×10<sup>-8</sup>, and with a very large standard deviation, ranging to Δa/a = -5.5×10<sup>-9</sup>. The analysis is based on empirical relations that exist among some particle masses, and also on several theoretical assumptions, of which the most significant is that the electromagnetic contribution to the electron’s mass is finite, and given by f am<sub>eb</sub>, where f is a dimensionless parameter that is shown to be equal to 1.032409810 (63), and where meb</sub> is the electron’s “bare mass.” The relations for a and f are homogeneous degree zero in the particle masses. The relations for f in terms of particle masses are found by trial and error. A quadratic equation is given relating a to f and m<sub>e</sub>/m<sub>p</sub>. This equation is used in the application to cosmological measurements of a, and , where it is shown that, to a few percent accuracy, δa/a ≈ -δμ/μ. This relation can serve to test the validity of measurements of a and μ.展开更多
A special experiment setup was designed to observe the interaction between bubbles and particle in flotation cell and to analyze the bubble characteristics such as bubble size, distribution and bubble-loading efficien...A special experiment setup was designed to observe the interaction between bubbles and particle in flotation cell and to analyze the bubble characteristics such as bubble size, distribution and bubble-loading efficiency. Bubbles in water-gas system and three-phase system were measured. The results indicate that with the current setup the bubbles as small as 10 μm can be easily distinguished. The average size of the bubbles generated under the given conditions in two-phase system is 410 μm at frother concentration of 0.004%, which is in good correspondence with the results of other works. The effect of frother on bubble size was probed. Increasing frother concentration from 0 to 0.004% causes a reduction of bubble size from 700 to 400 μm. The bubble loading efficiency was reported. The result indicates that the fine particle is more easily entrapped than the coarse particle. Some factors, which have effect on measurement accuracy were discussed. The aeration speed has a significant effect on the accuracy of results, if it surpasses 30 mL/s, and the image becomes unclear due to the entrapment of fine particle. Another factor, which can affect observing results, is the sampling position. At a wrong sampling position, the images become unclear.展开更多
The aggregating behavior between bubbles and particles induced by high intensity conditioning (HIC) was studied using high speed CCD technique. Bubble size measurement was conducted, and the attachment behavior betwee...The aggregating behavior between bubbles and particles induced by high intensity conditioning (HIC) was studied using high speed CCD technique. Bubble size measurement was conducted, and the attachment behavior between bubbles and particles in HIC cell and flotation cell were observed. The results show that in HIC cell, high intensity conditioning creates an advantage environment for the formation of small size bubble due to hydrodynamic cavitations, and these fine bubbles have high probability of bubble-particle collision, which will enhance fine particle flotation. The bubble-particle attachment experiments indicate that in high intensity conditioning cell, a lot of fine bubbles are produced in situ on the surface of fine particles, and most of fine particles are aggregated under the bridging action of fine bubbles. The observation of bubble-particle interaction in flotation cell illustrates that aggregates created by HIC can be loaded more easily by big air bubble in flotation cell than those created by normal conditioning.展开更多
文摘In order to precisely measure the diameters for obtaining the fineness of rolling raw silk, the physical features of raw silk are analyzed. By means of Fresnel principle, diffractions caused by different transparent raw silk filaments are analyzed and simulated. Image data of raw silk filament measured by digital CMOS camera are analyzed and processed for obtaining the precise diameters of the filamerit with the relative error of less than 1%. On the assumption of appropriate elliptic cross-section of the filament, the cross-section area is calculated as the fineness of the filament. Measurement experiments are carded out. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for photoelectric measuring the fineness of raw silk.
文摘Highly accurate algebraic relations between the fine structure constant a and a wide range of particle masses are given, ranging from Δa/a = (2.1 ±0.1)×10<sup>-7</sup> to Δa/a = (-2.7 ±0.3 ±0.6)×10<sup>-8</sup>, and with a very large standard deviation, ranging to Δa/a = -5.5×10<sup>-9</sup>. The analysis is based on empirical relations that exist among some particle masses, and also on several theoretical assumptions, of which the most significant is that the electromagnetic contribution to the electron’s mass is finite, and given by f am<sub>eb</sub>, where f is a dimensionless parameter that is shown to be equal to 1.032409810 (63), and where meb</sub> is the electron’s “bare mass.” The relations for a and f are homogeneous degree zero in the particle masses. The relations for f in terms of particle masses are found by trial and error. A quadratic equation is given relating a to f and m<sub>e</sub>/m<sub>p</sub>. This equation is used in the application to cosmological measurements of a, and , where it is shown that, to a few percent accuracy, δa/a ≈ -δμ/μ. This relation can serve to test the validity of measurements of a and μ.
文摘A special experiment setup was designed to observe the interaction between bubbles and particle in flotation cell and to analyze the bubble characteristics such as bubble size, distribution and bubble-loading efficiency. Bubbles in water-gas system and three-phase system were measured. The results indicate that with the current setup the bubbles as small as 10 μm can be easily distinguished. The average size of the bubbles generated under the given conditions in two-phase system is 410 μm at frother concentration of 0.004%, which is in good correspondence with the results of other works. The effect of frother on bubble size was probed. Increasing frother concentration from 0 to 0.004% causes a reduction of bubble size from 700 to 400 μm. The bubble loading efficiency was reported. The result indicates that the fine particle is more easily entrapped than the coarse particle. Some factors, which have effect on measurement accuracy were discussed. The aeration speed has a significant effect on the accuracy of results, if it surpasses 30 mL/s, and the image becomes unclear due to the entrapment of fine particle. Another factor, which can affect observing results, is the sampling position. At a wrong sampling position, the images become unclear.
基金Project(50234010) supported by the National Natural Science Key Foundation of China Project (50304013) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The aggregating behavior between bubbles and particles induced by high intensity conditioning (HIC) was studied using high speed CCD technique. Bubble size measurement was conducted, and the attachment behavior between bubbles and particles in HIC cell and flotation cell were observed. The results show that in HIC cell, high intensity conditioning creates an advantage environment for the formation of small size bubble due to hydrodynamic cavitations, and these fine bubbles have high probability of bubble-particle collision, which will enhance fine particle flotation. The bubble-particle attachment experiments indicate that in high intensity conditioning cell, a lot of fine bubbles are produced in situ on the surface of fine particles, and most of fine particles are aggregated under the bridging action of fine bubbles. The observation of bubble-particle interaction in flotation cell illustrates that aggregates created by HIC can be loaded more easily by big air bubble in flotation cell than those created by normal conditioning.
