Fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation and its influence on development of shale oil sweet sections in lacustrine basins in China

The geological conditions and processes of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation in continental lacustrine basins in China are analyzed to construct the model of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation in lacustrine basin,reveal the development laws of fine-grained deposits and source-reservoir,and identify the sweet sections of shale oil.The results show that fine-grained gravity flow is one of the important sedimentary processes in deep lake environment,and it can transport fine-grained clasts and organic matter in shallow water to deep lake,forming sweet sections and high-quality source rocks of shale oil.Fine-grained gravity flow deposits in deep waters of lacustrine basins in China are mainly fine-grained high-density flow,fine-grained turbidity flow(including surge-like turbidity flow and fine-grained hyperpycnal flow),fine-grained viscous flow(including fine-grained debris flow and mud flow),and fine-grained transitional flow deposits.The distribution of fine-grained gravity flow deposits in the warm and humid unbalanced lacustrine basins are controlled by lake-level fluctuation,flooding events,and lakebed paleogeomorphology.During the lake-level rise,fine-grained hyperpycnal flow caused by flooding formed fine-grained channel–levee–lobe system in the flat area of the deep lake.During the lake-level fall,the sublacustrine fan system represented by unconfined channel was developed in the flexural slope breaks and sedimentary slopes of depressed lacustrine basins,and in the steep slopes of faulted lacustrine basins;the sublacustrine fan system with confined or unconfined channel was developed on the gentle slopes and in axial direction of faulted lacustrine basins,with fine-grained gravity flow deposits possibly existing in the lower fan.Within the fourth-order sequences,transgression might lead to organic-rich shale and fine-grained hyperpycnal flow deposits,while regression might cause fine-grained high-density flow,surge-like turbidity flow,fine-grained debris flow,mud flow,and fine-grained transitional flow deposits.Since the Permian,in the shale strata of lacustrine basins in China,multiple transgression-regression cycles of fourth-order sequences have formed multiple source-reservoir assemblages.Diverse fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation processes have created sweet sections of thin siltstone consisting of fine-grained high-density flow,fine-grained hyperpycnal flow and surge-like turbidity flow deposits,sweet sections with interbeds of mudstone and siltstone formed by fine-grained transitional flows,and sweet sections of shale containing silty and muddy clasts and with horizontal bedding formed by fine-grained debris flow and mud flow.The model of fine-grained gravity flow sedimentation in lacustrine basin is significant for the scientific evaluation of sweet shale oil reservoir and organic-rich source rock.

Origin and Distribution of Grain Dolostone Reservoirs in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation,Sichuan Basin,China

Dolostones in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation have become one of the most significant gas exploration domains in China. Over a trillion cubic meters of gas reservoirs have been discovered in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area; however, the origins and distribution of the dolostone reservoirs are not well understood. This work discussed the geology and geochemistry of the dolostone reservoirs in the Longwangmiao Formation to determine their origin and distribution. Two understandings are acquired： firstly, a carbonate ramp provided excellent conditions for grain beach deposition, while the presence of a hypersaline lake was favorable for the contemporaneous dolomitization of grain beach deposits. Petrographic and geochemical evidence further confirm that the Longwangmiao dolostone was formed during the contemporaneous stage. Secondly, the reservoir characteristics indicate that the grain beach sediments provide material basis for the development of the Longwangmiao dolostone reservoirs. Reservoir dissolution simulation experiments show that the porosity of the reservoirs was formed by dissolution during contemporaneous and burial stages. The dissolution pores formed during the contemporaneous stage were controlled by sequence interfaces. The large scale dissolution vugs formed during the burial stage subsequently spread along the pre-existing porosity and fracture zones. This study therefore identified that the development of grain dolostone reservoirs in a shallow water ramp under arid climatic conditions generally met the following conditions：（1） reefal beach deposits lay a foundation for reservoir development;（2） superficial conditions are an important determining factor for reservoir porosity; and（3） burial conditions provide environment for porosity preservation and modification.

Pore Characteristics of the Fine-Grained Tight Reservoirs in the Yabulai Basin, Northwestern China

This work investigated the pore structure characteristics and reservoir features of the finegrained tight reservoirs in the lower member of the Xinhe Formation(J2x1) in the Xiaohu subsag,Yabulai Basin based on core samples through various techniques. Interbedded silt/fine sandstones and mudstones are developed in the study area. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images were used to delineate different types of pores, including primary intergranular pores, secondary intergranular and intragranular pores, organic pores and fractures. The pore types were distinguished by pore size, pore area, location and formation process. The pore radii of the fine-grained rocks range from 1 nm to 1.55μm, mainly concentrated between 5 and 300 nm by low pressure N2adsorption and MICP analyses. The pore structure parameters of pore throat size and pore throat sorting coefficient are both positively correlated with porosity, while pore throat sorting coefficient has a negative correlation with permeability. The pore structures of the studied samples are much related to the mineral type and content and grain size, followed by TOC content. In these rocks with relatively low TOC and low maturity, the rigid minerals protect pores with pressure shadow from collapse, and dissolution-related pores contribute a lot to inorganic porosity. In contrast, these rocks with abundant TOC contain a large number of organic pores. The permeability of the fine-grained tight reservoir is mainly dominated by larger pore throats, while a large number of small pores(mostly <0.1 μm) contribute considerably to porosity. These results have deepened our understanding of the interbedded fine-grained tight reservoirs and can be applicable to fine-grained reservoirs in a similar setting.

Prediction of multiscale laminae structure and reservoir quality in fine-grained sedimentary rocks:The Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin

Fine-grained sedimentary rocks have become a research focus as important reservoirs and source rocks for tight and shale oil and gas.Laminae development determines the accumulation and production of tight and shale oil and gas in fine-grained rocks.However,due to the resolution limit of conventional logs,it is challenging to recognize the features of centimeter-scale laminae.To close this gap,complementary studies,including core observation,thin section,X-ray diffraction(XRD),conventional log analysis,and slabs of image logs,were conducted to unravel the centimeter-scale laminae.The laminae recognition models were built using well logs.The fine-grained rocks can be divided into laminated rocks(lamina thickness of<0.01 m),layered rocks(0.01-0.1 m),and massive rocks(no layer or layer spacing of>0.1 m)according to the laminae scale from core observations.According to the mineral superposition assemblages from thin-section observations,the laminated rocks can be further divided into binary,ternary,and multiple structures.The typical mineral components,slabs,and T2spectrum distributions of various lamina types are unraveled.The core can identify the centimeter-millimeter-scale laminae,and the thin section can identify the millimeter-micrometer-scale laminae.Furthermore,they can detect mineral types and their superposition sequence.Conventional logs can identify the meter-scale layers,whereas image logs and related slabs can identify the laminae variations at millimeter-centimeter scales.Therefore,the slab of image logs combined with thin sections can identify laminae assemblage characteristics,including the thickness and vertical assemblage.The identification and classification of lamina structure of various scales on a single well can be predicted using conventional logs,image logs,and slabs combined with thin sections.The layered rocks have better reservoir quality and oil-bearing potential than the massive and laminated rocks.The laminated rocks’binary lamina is better than the ternary and multiple layers due to the high content of felsic minerals.The abovementioned results build the prediction model for multiscale laminae structure using well logs,helping sweet spots prediction in the Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag and fine-grained sedimentary rocks worldwide.

The nature, type, and origin of diagenetic uids and their control on the evolving porosity of the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulak Formation dolostone, northwestern Tarim Basin, China

The study on Lower Cambrian dolostones in Tarim Basin can improve our understanding of ancient and deeply buried carbonate reservoirs.In this research,diagenetic fluid characteristics and their control on porosity evolution have been revealed by studying the petrography and in situ geochemistry of different dolomites.Three types of diagenetic fluids were identified:(1) Replacive dolomites were deviated from shallow burial dolomitizing fluids,which might probably be concentrated ancient seawater at early stage.(2) Fine-to-medium crystalline,planar-e diamond pore-filling dolomites(Fd1) were likely slowly and sufficiently crystallized from deep-circulating crustal hydrothermal fluids during Devonian.(3) Coarse crystalline,non-planar-a saddle pore-filling dolomites(Fd2) might rapidly and insufficiently crystallize from magmatic hydrothermal fluids during Permian.Early dolomitizing fluids did not increase the porosity,but transformed the primary pores to dissolution pores through dolomitization.Deep-circulating crustal hydrothermal fluids significantly increased porosity in the early stages by dissolving and then slightly decreased the porosity in the late stage due to Fd1 precipitation.Magmatic hydrothermal fluids only precipitated the Fd2 dolomites and slightly decreased the porosity.In summary,Devonian deep-circulating crustal hydrothermal fluids dominated the porosity evolution of the Lower Cambrian dolostone reservoir in the Tarim Basin.

The porosity origin of dolostone reservoirs in the Tarim, Sichuan and Ordos basins and its implication to reservoir prediction

Origin of dolostone remained a controversial subject, although numerous dolomitization models had been proposed to date. Because of the dolomitization＇s potential to be hydrocarbon reservoirs, one debatable issue was the role of dolomitization in porosity construction or destruction. Based upon case studies of dolostone reservoirs in various geological settings such as evaporative tidal flat （Ordos Basin, NW China）, evaporative platform （Sichuan Basin, SW China）, and burial and hydrothermal diagenesis （Tarim Basin, NW China）, here we systematically discuss the origin of porosity in dolostone reservoirs. Contrary to traditional concepts, which regarded dolomitization as a significant mechanism for porosity creation, we found two dominant factors controlling reservoir development in dolostones, i.e., porosity inherited from precursor carbonates and porosity resulted from post-dolomitization dissolution. Actually, dolomitization rarely had a notable effect on porosity creation but rather in many cases destroyed pre-existing porosity such as saddle dolostone precipitation in vugs and fractures. Porosity in dolostones associated with evaporative tidal flat or evaporative platform was generally created by subaerial dissolution of evaporites and/or undolomitized components. Porosity in burial dolostones was inherited mostly from precursor carbonates, which could be enlarged due to subsequent dissolution. Intercrystalline porosity in hydrothermal dolostones was either formed during dolo- mitization or inherited from precursor carbonates, whereas dissolution-enlarged intercrystalline pores and/or vugs were usually interpreted to be the result of hydrothermai alteration. These understandings on dolostone porosity shed light on reservoir pre- diction. Dolostone reservoirs associated with evaporative tidal flat were laterally distributed as banded or quasi-stratified shapes in evaporite-bearing dolostones, and vertically presented as multi-interval patterns on tops of shallowing-upward cycles Dolostone reservoirs associated with evaporative platform commonly occurred along epiplatforms or beneath evaporite beds, and vertically presented as multi-interval patterns in dolostones and/or evaporite-bearing dolostones of reef/shoal facies. Con- strained by primary sedimentary facies, burial dolostone reservoirs were distributed in dolomitized, porous sediments of reef/shoal facies, and occurred vertically as multi-intervai patterns in crystalline dolostones on tops of shallowing-upward cy- cles. Hydrothermal dolomitization was obviously controlled by conduits （e.g., faults, unconformities）, along which lenticular reservoirs could develop.

埋藏环境白云石结构类型

近年来我国在白云岩储层油气勘探方面取得了重大进展,这些白云岩储层绝大多数为埋藏阶段形成的白云岩,同时大量研究也证实地层中大部分白云岩形成于埋藏环境。国际学术界对埋藏环境白云石的成因结构分类比较细致,但在我国这方面的研究还不够深入,因此本文借助国际上对埋藏环境白云石成因结构的分类方法,并结合中国白云岩研究的实际情况尝试提出埋藏环境白云石结构分类方案。该方案首先以白云石在岩石中的产状分为基质白云石和胶结白云石两大类,再以晶粒大小、晶型、晶面特征、接触关系为分类依据,将埋藏环境白云石分为六种结构类型。

川东北普光气田下三叠统飞仙关组白云岩成因——来自岩石结构与Sr同位素和Sr含量的证据

研究了川东北普光气田下三叠统飞仙关组白云岩储层的岩石结构Sr的含量和Sr同位素组成,讨论了它的成因,飞仙关组优质储层为成岩期埋藏交代白云化作用的产物,来自岩石结构和Sr同位素和Sr含量的证据包括如下几个方面:(1)与准同生白云岩比较,埋藏白云岩的岩石结构和Sr同位素和Sr含量地球化学特征与前者有显著差别;(2)飞仙关组所有各类碳酸盐岩(或矿物)具有早三叠世海水Sr同位素组成特征,^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr比值变化范围为0.706588～0.708187,覆盖了全球早三叠世海水Sr同位素的变化范围(0.7076～0.7078),平均值0.707656与全球早三叠世平均值(0.707743)基本一致;(3)埋藏白云岩^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr比值变化范围为0.707122～0.707419,平均值0.707421,都略低于全球早三叠世海水Sr同位素变化范围和平均值,但与已报道的川东北早三叠世飞仙关期海水Sr同位素变化范围(0.707330～0.707383)和平均值(0.707350) 都非常接近,说明白云石化流体具有强烈的川东北地区早三叠世飞仙关期海水Sr同位素组成特征;(4)综合岩石结构、Sr同位素和Sr含量地球化学特征,证明飞仙关组白云岩储层为成岩期埋藏交代作用产物,白云石化流体来自地层中高Sr和高盐度的海源地层水。

塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系主要白云岩类型及孔隙发育特征

塔里木盆地寒武系和下奥陶统白云岩广泛发育,岩石类型复杂多样。按照结构和特殊构造两大分类依据,文中将研究区白云岩归为6大类,即泥-粉晶白云岩(又按含膏与否进一步分为含膏泥-粉晶白云岩和不含膏泥-粉晶白云岩)、粉-细晶白云岩、中-粗晶白云岩、斑状白云岩、藻纹层白云岩和膏溶角砾白云岩。每类白云岩都可以其独具特色的晶体结构和/或沉积构造与其他类型相区分。在这些白云岩中发育的孔隙类型主要有6种,即窗格孔、铸模孔、晶间孔、溶孔、角砾孔及砾间溶孔和缝合线孔,其中除窗格孔为原生孔隙外,其余均属次生孔隙。就其储集意义而言,以溶孔和晶间孔最为重要,次为角砾孔及砾间溶孔,而铸模孔和窗格孔的储集意义相对次要。缝合线孔的意义主要有二:一是可改善储集岩的渗透性,二是与斑状白云岩配合还可能构成有效储集岩。

川西北地区栖霞组白云岩储集层研究

根据川西北地区栖霞组野外及钻井岩心的宏观、微观及地球化学特征,结合物性资料,研究了该套地层中白云岩储集层的基本特征及主要控制因素,归纳并总结了这类储层的分布规律及形成与演化过程。认为栖霞组白云岩储集层以细晶白云岩、中粗晶白云岩和颗粒白云岩为主;储集空间以次生成因的孔、洞为主,裂缝除具有一定的储集性能以外,更重要的是起到了连通孔隙的作用;储集空间组合类型以裂缝孔洞型和裂缝孔隙型为主。这类储集岩的形成与演化主要受到沉积和成岩作用的控制。

塔里木盆地西北缘上震旦统白云岩储层特征

以塔里木盆地西北缘震旦系露头为主要研究对象,通过地质观察、镜下鉴定与孔渗分析等研究手段,较为系统地研究了上震旦统白云岩储层的类型及其发育特征。储层主要发育四种成因类型:古岩溶型、微生物型、结晶型和热液改造型。古岩溶储层广泛发育于上震旦统的顶部,溶蚀孔洞极其发育,但区域分布差异较大,受控于古构造隆起而呈带状分布;微生物白云岩储层主要发育于上震旦统的中上部,以发育与微生物结构相关的多种溶蚀孔隙为主,以低孔特低渗为特征,但横向上分布稳定,规模大,相控作用明显,为深层具有一定规模的致密储层;结晶白云岩储层以晶间孔、溶蚀孔为主,其孔隙度与渗透率具有正相关性,为低孔低渗储层,且分布局限,呈楔状或透镜状分布;热液改造型储层以与热液溶蚀作用有关的溶蚀孔洞或残余晶间孔为主,主要发育于肖尔布拉克地区,分布较为局限,多与深部大断裂有关。

深层、超深层碳酸盐岩油气储层形成机理研究综述

随着勘探理论、技术进步和对油气资源增长的需求,深层、超深层碳酸盐岩逐渐成为油气资源发展的重要新领域,碳酸盐岩优质储层成为深层超深层领域油气勘探及研究关注的焦点。文章通过国内外几个典型研究实例及大量研究成果的综述,较系统地阐述了埋藏深度与碳酸盐岩孔隙分布、白云岩化对孔隙作用的贡献、流体-岩石相互作用及构造活动与碳酸盐岩优质储层发育、保存等几个关键科学问题。

渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷古近系沙河街组三段白云岩储层特征

渤海湾盆地北塘凹陷古近系沙河街组三段白云岩分布广泛,是重要的油气储集层。根据钻井岩心、岩石薄片、扫描电镜、电子探针和地球化学特征等资料,对沙三段白云岩储层特征及其影响因素进行了详细研究。结果表明,沙三段白云岩有层状、结核状、均匀块状和裂缝充填等4种产状,岩石类型包括泥晶白云岩、粉晶白云岩和细晶白云岩,储集空间主要为次生孔隙和裂缝;白云岩储层物性较差,孔洞缝共同发育的层段是油气富集的有利层段,储层的含油性与储层的岩性及物性具有一定的相关性。目前白云岩储层正处于中成岩阶段,在埋藏过程中经历了机械压实、压溶、胶结、溶蚀、重结晶和白云岩化等成岩作用的改造,其中溶蚀作用可分为三期,后两期溶蚀作用极大地改善了储层物性,机械压实和胶结作用对储层物性起破坏作用;地球化学特征揭示了白云岩化作用的两种类型,即准同生期的回流渗透白云岩化和成岩期的埋藏白云岩化。影响白云岩储层物性的主要因素包括沉积环境、白云岩化作用和裂缝发育程度,沉积环境对白云岩储层物性起决定性作用,白云岩化作用对储集空间具有重要的改造作用,裂缝的发育极大改善了储层物性,提高了储层的储集能力。

南襄盆地泌阳凹陷溶孔溶洞型白云岩储层特征与分布规律

南襄盆地泌阳凹陷安棚地区核桃园组三段上部—核桃园组二段广泛发育盐湖相白云岩夹天然碱沉积,溶孔溶洞型储层主要发育于含碱白云岩中,溶洞为团块状或层状天然碱溶蚀形成,溶孔主要为星散状天然碱溶蚀形成,少量为泥质白云岩中的粘土级钠长石溶蚀成因。溶孔溶洞型白云岩储层在纵向上分布于盆地由砂泥岩相→白云质泥岩-泥质白云岩过渡相→白云岩相→含碱白云岩相→天然碱相演化序列的含碱白云岩相中,横向上与天然碱相邻。层位上主要集中在核桃园组二段的第3亚段,其次是核桃园组三段上部和核桃园组二段第2亚段,平面上分布于云2井、云3井和泌100井等地区。

川东北普光地区与塔中地区深部礁滩体优质储层的对比研究

近年来在四川盆地川东北地区和塔里木盆地塔中地区发现了深部礁滩体优质储层,为我国深部海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探带来了希望。虽然这些礁滩体分布范围广,储层性质好,探明油气储量大,但是这两个盆地的礁滩体储层却存在较大的差异:川东北礁滩体储层比塔中礁滩体储层厚度大,孔渗性好,前者岩性为白云岩,而塔中则为灰岩。对比研究认为这些差异性受控于以下因素:高能沉积环境和海平面升降变化过程对储层的发育厚度和孔渗性能具有决定性的控制作用;膏岩一定程度上控制了白云岩化作用的发生,白云化过程改善了储层的孔渗性能;烃类的充注时间、储层的埋藏演化、以及烃类流体与岩石的相互作用等对次生孔、洞、缝的形成与保存具有明显的控制作用。由于川东北礁滩体发育时期海平面升降过程相对稳定,水体能量较高,有利于发育厚层礁滩体;白云岩化程度较高,重结晶现象比较普遍;油气充注较早且储层早期快速深埋,后期又处于抬升状态,利于次生孔隙的形成和保持,因此川东北深部礁滩体的储集性能明显优于塔中奥陶系深部礁滩体储层。

南羌塘盆地扎仁古油藏白云岩储层特征及成因研究

根据薄片、铸体薄片、压汞、阴极发光等研究,详细描述了南羌塘盆地扎仁古油藏白云岩的储层特征,并对白云岩成因作了初步研究。认为该白云岩在沉积期后变化中经历了多种成岩作用改造,其中影响白云岩储集性的作用主要有白云石化作用、溶蚀作用、重结晶作用和构造应力作用,对白云岩孔渗改善起了积极作用。白云岩主要储集空间为晶间孔、晶间溶孔,储集物性良好。广泛发育的白云石环边结构等淡水成因标志表明,该区白云岩是通过大气水-海水孔隙混合流体交代灰岩所形成的。

四川盆地三叠纪蒸发岩盆地形成环境及白云岩储层

四川盆地中、下三叠统嘉陵江组二段—中三叠统雷口坡组厚达1 500 m以上,主要为白云岩、硬石膏岩和石盐岩,夹少量石灰岩地层组合,其中白云岩是盆地内天然气主产层之一。嘉陵江初期,四川盆地周边山系不断隆升,基底下陷东倾,周期性干热气候促使盆地由开放陆棚向局限盆地转变。嘉陵江早中期,干热气候使盆内海水浓缩,在建南及万县等地形较低处沉积白云岩—硬石膏岩地层。嘉陵江中期—雷口坡期,江南古陆急剧隆升、向西北挤压,七矅山、泸州—开江水下隆起相继形成,迫使盆地不断向西迁移,形成深坳陷高含盐盆地,并与外海隔绝,广泛沉积以白云岩—硬石膏岩—石盐岩为主的地层组合,局部见钙芒硝岩和杂卤石岩。白云岩储层除发育晶间孔外,亦有溶蚀孔隙,其上覆膏盐层是良好的区域盖层。

鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组白云岩成因及其储集性能

对鄂尔多斯盆地下奥陶统马家沟组野外剖面、钻井岩心和铸体薄片的观察以及地球化学分析及岩石物性测试,马家沟组白云岩可分为泥微晶白云岩、晶粒白云岩和溶蚀残余白云岩三大类。泥微晶白云岩常有石膏伴生,Sr含量较高,其稀土配分模式及δ13C分布区间等特征与本区的泥微晶灰岩相似,包裹体均一温度接近地表温度,为近地表与海水相关流体准同生白云石化。晶粒白云岩的伴生矿物少,Sr含量低,其稀土配分模式及δ13C分布区间与本区的泥微晶灰岩相近,包裹体均一温度较高,为与海水相关流体埋藏白云石化。溶蚀残余白云岩为前两类白云岩受后期大气淡水改造而成。晶间孔、晶间溶孔、溶孔为马家沟组白云岩的主要储集空间。泥微晶白云岩的孔隙度、渗透率均较低,难构成储层;晶粒白云岩的孔隙度和渗透率较高,可成为良好储层;而溶蚀残余白云岩具高孔高渗特征,为优质储集岩类。盆地中东部、东南部、南部及天环地区是白云岩型储层勘探的重点区域。

资阳地区灯影组层状白云岩储集层研究

根据资阳地区灯影组取心段岩心的宏观、微观及地球化学特征，结合常规物性资料，研究了区内层状白云岩储集层的基本特征及主要控制因素，总结出这类储集层的储渗空间组合的演化及分布规律。认为：层状白云岩储集层以重结晶较强的粉晶白云岩、细晶白云岩、粉一细晶的残余砂屑白云岩、残余鲕粒白云岩为主；储集空间以次生成因的溶蚀孔、洞为主，而裂缝除具有一定的储集能力之外，更重要的是起到连通孔隙的作用；储集空间组合类型以裂缝-孔洞型和孔洞型为主。这类储集层主要分布在滩相和灰泥评相发育区。资3井、资4井一线及其西南侧属该类地区，应是重点勘探目标；勘探层位应以灯二段中、下部为重点，以寻找这类有利于储集层发育的相带。

鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系马五_5亚段白云岩成因

鄂尔多斯盆地中部的长庆气田奥陶系马家沟组主要产气层均为白云岩。该地区马家沟组马五５亚段在区域上普遍为厚层泥晶灰岩，白云岩夹于灰岩中，呈透镜状，分布具有穿层及分带性，从南向北分布层位逐渐升高。通过对其白云岩的岩石学特征、微量元素、碳同位素、氧同位素等研究，认为白云岩的形成与混合水白云化作用有关。白云岩储集层以微晶白云岩、粉晶白云岩为主，主要储集类型为裂缝孔隙型，具有较好的储集条件。预测盆地北部乌审旗—什汗木利地区，马五５亚段沉积期水体浅，利于大气淡水混入，有可能形成多个白云岩透镜体，是下步勘探值得重视的地区。图１表１参２（梁大新摘）