A finite volume method for global electromagnetic induction forward modeling on collocated unstructured grids

Global electromagnetic induction provides an efficient way to probe the electrical conductivity in the Earth’s deep interior.Owing to the increasing geomagnetic data especially from high-accuracy geomagnetic satellites,inverting the Earth’s three-dimensional conductivity distribution on a global scale becomes attainable.A key requirement in the global conductivity inversion is to have a forward solver with high-accuracy and efficiency.In this study,a finite volume method for global electromagnetic induction forward modeling is developed based on unstructured grids.Arbitrary polyhedral grids are supported in our algorithms to obtain high geometric adaptability.We employ a cell-centered collocated variable arrangement which allows convenient discretization for complex geometries and straightforward implementation of multigrid technique.To validate the method,we test our code with two synthetic models and compare our finite volume results with an analytical solution and a finite element numerical solution.Good agreements are observed between our solution and other results,indicating acceptable accuracy of the proposed method.

Finite Element Assisted Numerical Comparison of Single and Two Phase Inductively Coupled Power Transfer Systems

Inductively coupled power transfer systems (ICPT) are becoming ubiquitous in industry. Many such systems are excited with single or multi-phase input current. This leads to increased complexity in comparing such systems when solely using the magnetic frequency analysis. This paper utilizes modern finite element method analysis software to propose a novel software methodology for the numerical comparison of single and two phase ICPT systems as demonstrated on a three dimensional (3D) battery charging system. The sinusoidal magnetic frequency response of a single phase system is compared to the magnetic transient response of a multi-phase current system by use of a novel software methodology proposed in this paper. This consists of a transient response analysis to determine compute the resulting magnetic response over the duration of an input current period on the two phase system. The resulting non-sinusoidal response is then integrated over a whole period to extract the root-mean-square value for comparison with that of a single phase system across a 3D cubic power zone.

3-D Finite-Element Numerical Simulation of Centrifugal Induction Electrosalg Casting Solidification Process

A 3-D finite-element numerical simulation model of temperature field for CIESC casting solidification process was developed with the aid of ANSYS software and a series of corresponding experiments were made. The results showed that the good agreement was obtained between the numerical simulation and the experiments. Based on the numerical simulation results, the characteristics of temperature distribution in the castings during CIESC solidification process were analyzed and summarized. According to the G/R-1/2 method and numerical simulation results, there is no any shrinkage defect in the CIESC casting and structure or casting is fine and compact.

Inductance calculation for 3D microsolenoids with single-layer coils

Three-dimensional(3D) single-layer microcoils have always been a key element for electromagnetic systems;but they lack an easy and accurate method to calculate the inductance value for their complex 3D micro-structures. This paper employed a curve-fitting process to obtain the associated equation for the inductance value and geometric parameters based on the simulation results. The correction factors regarding helical pitch and wire diameter were reviewed,which are used for compensation in the Nagaoka formula. The simulation process numerically simulated the performance of the 3D microcoils using a FEM electro-magnetic-coupled analysis method. Comparison of the simulated inductance value and the Nagaoka formula was undertaken,which shows that the helical pitch and wire diameter contribute a main role in the calculation error. The derived formula was expressed in a concise form to precisely calculate the inductance value of 3D microsolenoids with single-layer coils.

Simulated Experiments for Teaching Mutually-Coupled Circuits CAD Techniques Using Analytic and Finite Element Solutions

The paper describes an approach to teaching mutually-coupled circuits CAD techniques to undergraduate students pursuing a degree course in electrical engineering or physics, and explains how a series of simulated experiments may be incorporated into the existing subjects. The simulated experiments make use of a two-dimensional open-access software based on the finite-element method. At the laboratory meetings, the students learn how to set up field problems for solution, and how to examine the results. Simulation tasks based on three axisymmetric open-boundary problems are used to introduce different numeric techniques to compute inductance and magnetic forces. The paper takes the reader to a step-by-step simulation journey, and provides all the basic elements required for further exploration of axially-symmetric systems.

Analysis of Auxiliary Winding Effect on the Leakage Inductance Reduction in the Pulse Transformer Using ANSYS

Several applications need high voltage and low rise time pulses that increasing of the voltage level can be done by using transformer. The rise time is increased because of transformer leakage inductance. One of the methods to decrease the rise time is using auxiliary windings between primary and secondary. In this paper, one type of pulse transformer included auxiliary windings is modeled and simulated in ANSYS software. In this study, at first the transformer has been simulated without auxiliary windings and the leakage and self inductances are obtained then the auxiliary windings are considered in the model to calculate the leakage and self inductances of the transformer. Simulation results can be used to investigate the effect of auxiliary winding on the leakage inductance.

Modelling of Transduction Heaters Using Transformer Equivalent Circuit and Finite Element Analysis

This paper presents the modelling of transduction heaters using the TEC （transformer equivalent circuit） model and FEA （finite element analysis）. Each model was used to simulate a set oftransduction heating experiments and the results compared. Analysis of the TEC calculated results suggested modification of three parameters： the secondary resistance, the core tube eddy current resistance and the core tube magnetizing reactance. The improved TEC model was then used to design, build and test a 6 kW transduction heater. The measured results are compared with calculated results from the TEC and FEA models. The TEC model accurately predicts the performance of the heater.

卧式反应釜电磁感应加热设计

针对大型反应釜的感应加热难以进行大量实验验证的问题,通过将理论计算与有限元仿真相结合的方式,对计算得出的参数进行优化,选择合适的输出功率和谐振频率,完成感应器的设计。通过仿真可以更好对比不同匝数、自热对流和搅拌轴对加热的影响,更直观地查看工件温度分布情况,缩小计算参数误差,实现反应釜加热的工艺要求。

一种抗磁性材料密度高分辨率测量方法

针对现有抗磁性材料密度测量的磁力悬浮装置存在灵敏度低、分辨率低的问题,提出一种沿着弱磁化方向测量抗磁性材料密度的方法,以减小测量范围的方式来提高装置的分辨率。使用有限元仿真软件在磁化方向θ=0°和90°时对不同磁体间距d进行参数化扫描,得到悬浮区间的磁感应强度分布。θ=0°时,呈现磁场梯度大、测量范围大、灵敏度低、分辨率低的特点;θ=90°时,呈现磁场梯度小、测量范围小、灵敏度高、分辨率高的特点。标准玻璃浮子悬浮实验表明:θ=0°时,由于缺乏足够的灵敏度来克服浮子之间的接触、排斥作用,浮子始终呈现聚集状态;θ=90°时,且磁体间距满足d=L(磁体长度)时,分辨率提高到Δρmin=0.02 kg/m3。该装置结构简单,能够区分出材料微小密度差异,适用于低质量、小尺寸、不均匀、不规则抗磁性材料的密度测量,在密度计量领域具有一定的应用前景。

基于自激振荡原理的双线圈磨粒检测技术研究

为满足实际工业应用的需要,基于LC自激振荡,提出双线圈式磨粒检测技术。首先建立了等效电路模型,其次引入磁场均匀度系数的概念并利用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件研究了管道域中的磁场分布及金属颗粒通过线圈时的输出响应,最后制作传感器进行试验。结果显示,该传感器管道域的磁场均匀度系数达0.91以上,可通过检测电压、频率的变化获取磨粒信息。研究结果为电感式磨损传感器研发提供一种新思路。

基于谐响应的大型异步电机电磁振动分析

大型异步电机的电磁振动是电机振动的主要构成部分,对电机振动等级的评估需要进行准确的电磁振动分析,本文以一台10 kV兆瓦级大型异步电机为对象进行电磁振动分析。首先对完整的电机模型进行模态分析,求解固有频率及对应振型,并实验测量了电机实际运行时的固有频率;然后将电磁场二维有限元计算得到的径向电磁力作为载荷,对该电机进行谐响应分析,最后与实验测得的振动速率对比。结果表明,基于电机整机模型的模态分析和谐响应分析可以较为准确地分析大型异步电机电磁振动,能够为电机的优化设计或电磁振动抑制提供理论依据。

结构参数对环形线性感应电磁泵性能的影响分析

环形线性感应电磁泵(ALIP)是液态金属反应堆中泵送冷却剂的关键驱动设备。在电磁泵的设计和分析中,结构参数是影响电磁泵输出性能的重要因素。为了进一步研究环形线性感应电磁泵结构设计参数对输出性能的影响,首先利用有限元分析软件建立考虑端部效应和环形导电管道影响的环形线性感应电磁泵仿真模型,然后基于模型计算分析了不同齿槽比、流道高度和管道壁厚度对电磁泵的磁密分布、电磁力密度分布和输出电磁力的影响,最后进一步对比分析了不同结构参数下环形线性感应电磁泵的输出特性和效率,研究结果为环形线性感应电磁泵的结构参数优化提供了参考依据。

碳纤维烘干容器的中频感应加热设计

在粘胶基碳纤维的脱胶回收过程中需要将碳纤维进行烘干加热并碾磨成粉,整个工作环境中会存在碳纤维粉尘,遇到明火容易产生爆炸,因此提出使用中频感应加热技术取代传统的明火加热对碳纤维进行烘干加热。首先计算310S不锈钢材质筒体容器加热时所需功率及电流等各项参数;根据计算所得数据选择使用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件对筒体容器进行加热仿真,验证将中频感应加热技术应用到粘胶基碳纤维脱胶加热工艺中的可行性与计算结果准确性;然后对电源内部谐振电容与变压器等元器件进行匹配;电源装配完成后结合实际应用进行验证。实验结果证明,中频感应加热技术可以满足对粘胶基碳纤维的烘干加热,且相较于传统加热方式,中频感应加热技术在碳纤维加热工艺中更加安全高效。

Response simulation and theoretical calibration of a dual- induction resistivity LWD tool

In this paper, responses of a new dual-induction resistivity logging-while-drilling （LWD） tool in 3D inhomogeneous formation models are simulated by the vectorfinite element method （VFEM）, the influences of the borehole, invaded zone, surroundingstrata, and tool eccentricity are analyzed, and calibration loop parameters and calibrationcoefficients of the LWD tool are discussed. The results show that the tool has a greater depthof investigation than that of the existing electromagnetic propagation LWD tools and is moresensitive to azimuthal conductivity. Both deep and medium induction responses have linearrelationships with the formation conductivity, considering optimal calibration loop parametersand calibration coefficients. Due to the different depths of investigation and resolution, deepinduction and medium induction are affected differently by the formation model parameters,thereby having different correction factors. The simulation results can provide theoreticalreferences for the research and interpretation of the dual-induction resistivity LWD tools.

磁矢量势的全球电磁感应时间域三维有限元正演计算方法

全球电磁感应测深方法能获得地球深部电导率结构分布,目前被广泛应用于地球内部结构与热状态研究.地磁台站与地磁卫星观测的电磁感应数据为时间序列信号,在时间域分析全球电磁感应数据,特别是分析频谱极宽的磁暴脉冲响应,具有天然的优势.然而,当前的全球电磁感应数据解释技术一般在频率域进行,缺少时间域中的研究成果.为了弥补缺少时间域全球电磁感应数据解释方法的问题,本文开发了一种基于磁场矢量势的全球电磁感应时间域三维有限元并行正演求解方法,具备高精度快速计算源于地球外部时变电流源的地球感应电磁场时间序列的能力,特别适合于计算与分析频谱极宽的磁暴脉冲电磁感应时变响应.首先,建立基于磁场矢量势的全球电磁感应时间域微分控制方程,结合磁层外部电流源的物理属性建立边界条件和初始条件,从而构建出全球电磁感应时间域初始边界值问题.然后,利用四面体矢量有限元技术和无条件稳定的隐式后退欧拉公式,分别实现磁场矢量势的空间域和时间域离散,进而获得不同时刻的实系数大型有限元线性方程组,借助于高性能并行直接求解器,快速高精度地求解不同时刻的磁场矢量势与感应磁场.最后,利用理论模型验证本文算法的正确性.利用Dst磁暴环电流指数建立的时间域电流源与真实地球三维电性模型,研究"澳科一号"后续卫星200 km轨道对中国和澳大利亚下方地幔转换带高导体的探测能力,结果表明这些地幔转换带异常体在200 km卫星轨道高度能产生明显异常.综上所述,本文开发的时间域全球电磁感应方法不仅具备精确快速计算全球感应电磁场时间序列响应的能力,还能为反演与解释"澳科一号"等我国地磁卫星观测数据提供技术支持.

青贮机铁磁性金属异物智能检测报警系统

[目的/意义]青贮机作业时,田间遗落的铁丝等铁磁性金属异物如果混入其喂入系统,将会对青贮机的关键零部件和牲畜脏器造成严重损伤。为了确保青贮机在田间作业时能准确、高效地检测出金属异物,本研究开发了一套性能优良的金属探测系统。[方法]首先分析了青贮机金属检测原理,然后对平面螺旋线圈与圆柱线圈进行了仿真计算,选择平面螺旋线圈作为研究对象,通过使用非支配排序遗传算法(Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅱ)结合有限元仿真分析的方式,确定了线圈的线径、内径、外径、层数以及频率,并对弯曲线圈与未弯曲线圈以及阵列线圈进行了仿真计算。最后进行了系统集成,搭建了青贮机模拟试验台进行了模拟试验。[结果和讨论]仿真分析结果显示,平面螺旋线圈磁通密度模变化范围明显大于圆柱线圈,且其电感灵敏度、电阻灵敏度和被测物涡流损耗要明显高于圆柱线圈;另一方面,平面线圈弯曲后电感灵敏度、电阻灵敏度大幅度提高,有利于增强探测线圈的响应度。通过模拟台架试验,验证了该金属探测系统在探测距离小于70mm,对直径0.6 mm、长度20 mm铁丝报警率达到100%,且经过计算,系统响应时间为0.105 0 s,小于安全运输时间,系统可以在金属物到达切碎系统前及时停止。[结论]本研究设计出了一套青贮机金属异物探测系统,提出了一套金属探测线圈的优化方法,并开发了相应的金属探测软硬件系统,通过试验验证了金属探测系统的功能,为青贮机安全运行提供了有力技术支撑。

基于电磁法的钢水液位检测

钢水液位检测与控制是连铸生产过程中的关键技术之一。目前,我国广泛采用射线式同位素Cs137钢水液位测量装置,但其具有放射性,对人有辐射性伤害。针对这一问题,基于电磁感应原理设计了安全、满足检测精度要求的电磁式钢水液位检测装置。首先,在电磁场有限元仿真软件中,采用控制变量法优化设计了由一个激励线圈、两个差分感应线圈构成的电磁式检测传感器。然后,研制了一台具有2支传感器的钢水液位检测仪表,把传感器反馈的感应电压信号经过分段线性插值等算法处理后转换为钢水液位测量值。试验结果表明,该检测装置可以测量强磁和弱磁材料,单支传感器量程为26mm,精度能达到1mm,响应速度为0.5s,满足钢水液位检测性能要求。

基于非线性电感的混合电磁铁磁力计算方法

为提高混合电磁铁磁力计算的准确性和效率,综合考虑解析法计算速度快和有限元法计算精度高的优势,提出一种基于非线性电感的混合电磁铁磁力计算方法.首先,分析混合电磁铁电感与电流的关系,建立考虑磁饱和的非线性电感模型;然后,采用等效面电流法,将2种典型的混合电磁铁结构(结构a、结构b)等效为多电磁线圈的纯电磁铁结构,进而利用能量平衡法推导出通用于串联磁路型混合电磁铁磁力表达式,其中非线性电感的参数变量由有限元仿真法拟合得到.研究结果表明:结构a和结构b利用本文所述方法得到的电磁力计算结果与传统有限元仿真结果的平均偏差为2.54%和2.37%,结构a与实验测量的平均偏差为2.63%,且与传统有限元法相比,计算效率极大提升,即本文所述方法通过较少任务的有限元仿真得到远高于现有解析公式准确性的电磁力计算结果.

基于有限元的KCS船尾流感应磁场分析

利用有限元方法,基于国际集装箱标模KCS船舶对船体感应磁场和尾流感应磁场进行了研究。结果表明:船体感应磁场的大小取决于船舶形状与测量位置;船体和尾流感应磁场的量级都为nT,在可探测范围内;尾流感应磁场在远场范围随距坐标原点的距离增加呈指数级衰减。

预应力钢绞线感应加热及其丝间接触模拟研究

预应力钢绞线感应加热是一复杂工艺过程,利用多物理场仿真软件对该过程进行模拟,可为工艺优化提供基础。对于几何方面,由于工艺的连续性,难以确定钢绞线丝间接触情况;对于物理场方面,感应加热是涉及多场的强耦合、强非线性过程。针对以上情况,根据两种丝间接触情况建立了三维钢绞线几何模型,描述了非线性材料参数,建立了相对磁导率关于温度和磁通密度的数值模型,测定了现场温度数据,判断了边丝间是否接触,分析了接触面宽度对加热效果的影响。结果表明:边丝之间是接触的,且现场温度数据与模拟结果较为吻合,验证了模拟的正确性。