A rigid-flexible coupling finite element model of coupler for analyzing train instability behavior during collision

Rail vehicles generate huge longitudinal impact loads in collisions.If unreasonable matching exists between the compressive strength of the intermediate coupler and the structural strength of the car body,the risk of car body structure damage and train derailment will increase.Herein,a four-stage rigid-flexible coupling finite element model of the coupler is established considering the coupler buckling load.The influence of the coupler buckling load on the train longitudinal-vertical-hori-zontal buckling behavior was studied,and the mechanism of the train horizontal buckling instability in train collisions was revealed.Analysis results show that an intermediate coupler should be designed to ensure that the actual buckling load is less than the compressive load when the car body structure begins to deform plastically.The actual buckling load of the coupler and the asymmetry of the structural strength of the car body in the lateral direction are two important influencing factors for the lateral buckling of a train collision.If the strength of the two sides of the car body structure in the lateral direction is asymmetrical,the deformation on the weaker side will be larger,and the end of the car body will begin to deflect under the action of the coupler force,which in turn causes the train to undergo sawtooth buckling.

Finite element modelling of the geodynamic processes of the Central Andes subduction zone:A Reference Model

This paper presents preliminary results of three-dimensional thermomechanical finite-element models of a parameter study to compute the current temperature and stress distribution in the subduction zone of the central Andes （16°S-26°S） up to a depth of 400 km, the bottom of the asthenosphere. For this purpose a simulation running over c. 50,000 years will be realized based on the geometry of a generic subduction zone and an elasto-viscoplastic Drucker-Prager rheology. The kinematic and thermal boundary conditions as well as the rheological parameters represent the current state of the study area. In future works the model will be refined using a systematic study of physical parameters in order to estimate the influence of the main parameters （e.g. viscosity, fault friction, velocity, shear heating） on the results of the reference model presented here. The reference model is kept as simple as possible to be able to estimate the influence of the parameters in future studies in the best possible way, whilst minimizing comnutational time.

Two-dimensional simulation on the rolling process of semi-solid 60Si2Mn by finite element method

The effect of various process variables on the law of metal flow for semi-solid rolling 60Si2Mn was studied by finite element method. Semi-solid 60Si2Mn can be described as compressible rigid visco-plastic porous material saturated with liquid. In terms of ther-mo-mechanical coupling condition, the distributions of stress, velocity and temperature were studied using software MARC. The simulation results show that the rigid visco-plastic model can accurately describe the semi-solid 60Si2Mn rolling process. The great deformation can achieve completely in view of low flow stress of semi-solid slurry.

Numerical simulation of aircraft arresting process with an efficient full-scale rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model

The arresting process of carrier-based aircraft is widely recognized as a challenging task,characterized by the highest accident rate among all carrier-based aircraft operations.Dynamic simulation plays a crucial role in assessing the intricate responses of the arresting process,favoring the design of carrier-based aircraft.An efficient and accurate rigid-flexible coupling model for analyzing the dynamic response of the arresting process is proposed.By combining the dynamic characteristics of airframe,landing gear,arresting hook and arresting gear system,the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model is established to reflect the relative motion of the coupling parts and arresting load.The dynamic model is verified through simulations of landing gear landing drops and by comparing the arresting simulation results with corresponding data in the US military standard.Additionally,simulations of the arresting process under different off-center distance and aircraft yaw angle are conducted to obtain the dynamic response of the aircraft during the arresting process.The result indicates that the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model proposed is effective for analyzing the arresting dynamics response of carrier-based aircraft.The axial force of the arresting cable on both sides of the hook engagement point,pitch and yaw angle of aircraft are inconsistent under yaw and off-center arresting.The analysis method and obtained results provide valuable references for assessing the dynamic responses of carrier-based aircraft during arresting process and offer valuable in-sights in the design of carrier-based aircraft.

Simulation of Coupling Process of Flexible Needle Insertion into Soft Tissue Based on ABAQUS

In order to get to the desired target inside the body,it is essential to investigate the needle-tissue coupling process and calculate the tissue deformation.A cantilever beam model is presented to predicting the deflection and bending angle of flexible needle by analyzing the distribution of the force on needle shaft during the procedure of needle insertion into soft tissue.Furthermore,a finite element(FE)coupling model is proposed to simulate the needle-tissue interactive process.The plane and spatial models are created to relate the needle and tissue nodes.Combined with the cantilever beam model and the finite element needle-tissue coupling model,the simulation of needle-tissue interaction was carried out by the ABAQUS software.The comparing experiments are designed to understand the needle-tissue interactions,by which the same points in the experiments and simulation are compared and analyzed.The results show that the displacements in x and z directions in the simulation can accord with the experiments,and the deformation inside the tissue mainly occurs in the axial direction.The study is beneficial to the robot-assisted and virtual needle insertion procedure,and to help the physicians to predict the inside tissue deformation during the treatments.

Effect of ballistic electrons on ultrafast thermomechanical responses of a thin metal film

The ultrafast thermomechanical coupling problem in a thin gold film irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses with different electron ballistic depths is investigated via the ultrafast thermoelasticity model. The solution of the problem is obtained by solving finite element governing equations. The comparison between the results of ultrafast thermomechanical coupling responses with different electron ballistic depths is made to show the ballistic electron effect. It is found that the ballistic electrons have a significant influence on the ultrafast thermomechanical coupling behaviors of the gold thin film and the best laser micromachining results can be achieved by choosing the specific laser technology（large or small ballistic range）.In addition, the influence of simplification of the ultrashort laser pulse source on the results is studied, and it is found that the simplification has a great influence on the thermomechanical responses, which implies that care should be taken when the simplified form of the laser source term is applied as the Gaussian heat source.

Thermal Effect of Braking on Pavements during Heat Waves in Ouagadougou

Flexible pavements, whose surface layers are made from hot mix asphalt, may show rutting in some of these infrastructures during the first months of life. In the city of Ouagadougou, this rutting phenomenon is sometimes observed. The objective of this article is to quantify the thermal response of the wearing course of national roads 1 and 2, when they are subjected to the braking of heavy trucks of 13 tons and 20 tons per axle. The meteorological conditions retained are those of the Burkinabe climate. The evaluation of the temperature was carried out by numerical simulation using the Comsol Multiphysics 5.2 software. This study showed that the thermal response of the pavement to the combined effects of surface temperature, overloading by a 20 tons heavy truck and braking during a heat wave increase in pavement surface temperature ranging from 1.09% for National Road 1 to 0.91% for National Road 2, particularly in the braking zone. This made it possible to establish the diagnosis according to which the nature of the bitumen used on the wearing course can reduce rigidity modulus. In predictive terms, they allowed us to deduce that an under-dimensioning of the wearing course, even if the bitumen was used is adequate.

不同制动工况下地铁车轮踏面磨耗研究

为研究不同制动方式对地铁车轮踏面磨耗的影响规律,联合ANSYS和SIMPACK软件,建立了车轮-闸瓦热机耦合有限元模型和含有柔性轮对的车辆动力学模型,同时考虑不同制动初速度和制动减速度对车轮踏面温度、踏面硬度、踏面与闸瓦间接触应力及制动距离的影响,分析了不同制动方式下车轮-闸瓦磨耗、车轮-钢轨磨耗和踏面总磨耗的变化规律。结果表明:踏面磨耗随着制动初速度的增大而增大;随着制动减速度的增大,车轮-闸瓦磨耗和总磨耗增大,车轮-钢轨磨耗减小;制动时踏面总磨耗主要受车轮-闸瓦磨耗影响。

弯管内外表面腐蚀缺陷力学-电化学相互作用规律研究

为进一步研究弯管内外表面腐蚀缺陷力学-电化学(M-E)相互作用规律,建立基于多物理场耦合的弯管内外表面含腐蚀缺陷的三维模型,研究内压和缺陷几何形状对M-E相互作用规律及对弯管的影响。研究结果表明:当弯管内外表面存在腐蚀缺陷时,弯管内侧的M-E效应更强,增加应力和腐蚀的增长速率,使内侧更容易发生失效;当缺陷几何增长时,应力在缺陷长度和宽度方向上增长,腐蚀主要在缺陷长度方向上增长;外表面缺陷附近的应力和腐蚀增长规律基本一致,而内表面缺陷附近的应力增长较腐蚀增长更为复杂。研究结果可为含腐蚀缺陷弯管评估模型的完善以及管道系统完整性的管理提供理论参考。

不同季节影响下复合道面力学响应分析

为了研究复合道面在不同季节时的力学响应,以中原地区某机场改造项目为项目背景,借助三维有限元软件,建立了道面有限元模型,分析了复合道面在温度影响下的力学响应,并与机场监测数据进行对比,验证了模型的准确性。研究发现:大气温度所能影响的道面深度范围在0.56 m以内,和大气温度相比,道面面层温度峰值远大于气温峰值;道面内部不同结构层之间温度变化趋势相同,随着道面深度的加深,温度峰值逐渐递减,并且出现时间具有延迟现象;在不同季节,道面在相同机型作用下所产生的变形不同,说明温度对于道面的受力是有影响的,其中混凝土层在冬季时所产生的应变值比夏季所产生的减少约74%,变化比较明显。

考虑气体的渗流应力耦合模型在黄壁庄水库中的应用

目前建立的多孔介质耦合模型通常认为气体是不可压缩的,无法描述气体的输运过程,无法反映气体对水体入渗和固体变形的影响。为了描述多孔介质中固液气三相的渗流应力耦合过程,基于多孔介质理论和有效应力原理,提出了一种耦合了改进守恒水平集(ICLS)方法并考虑气体可压缩性的固液气三相渗流应力耦合模型。将该方法应用于黄壁庄水库坝前冒泡现象的渗流应力耦合分析中,模拟了水位骤升后,固体变形、水体入渗和气体运移过程,及其耦合效应。计算结果表明,该方法能够简单直观的描述水气两相的运移过程及渗流应力耦合过程,且模拟结果与实际观测结果基本一致。

C型钢缀板柱的有限元模拟方法研究

缀板柱以其制造简便、稳定性高且价格低廉的优势,在工程钢结构中得到了广泛应用,如何准确模拟缀板与立柱之间的连接情况,是工程结构有限元模拟时的重要问题。文章采用有限元软件ANSYS,研究C型钢缀板柱中缀板与立柱之间连接情况的有限元模拟问题,通过对比单元整体建模与节点耦合建模的模拟结果,分析了节点耦合连接方法的模拟原理并提出了使用时的注意事项。计算分析表明:整体建模模拟效果较好但不便于模型修改和精细化模拟,节点耦合便于修改但需要考虑耦合方法和连接面积。文章提出的简化统一耦合方法模拟效果好,适应性强,对于工程实践中的有限元模拟工作具有一定指导意义。

A Coupling Model of the Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Method and the Finite Element Method

Neither the finite element method nor the discontinuous deformation analysis method can solve problems very well in rock mechanics and engineering due to their extreme complexities. A coupling method combining both of them should have wider applicability. Such a model coupling the discontinuous deforma- tion analysis method and the finite element method is proposed in this paper. In the model, so-called line blocks are introduced to deal with the interaction via the common interfacial boundary of the discontinuous deformation analysis domain with the finite element domain. The interfacial conditions during the incre- mental iteration process are satisfied by means of the line blocks. The requirement of gradual small dis- placements in each incremental step of this coupling method is met through a displacement control proce- dure. The model is simple in concept and is easy in numerical implementation. A numerical example is given. The displacement obtained by the coupling method agrees well with those obtained by the finite ele- ment method, which shows the rationality of this model and the validity of the implementation scheme.

车辆服役环境对高速列车轴箱轴承温度的影响分析

构建考虑轴箱表面散热及轴承内部传热的功率损耗模型,分析轴箱轴承在不同服役环境下的载荷;综合考虑轴箱表面空气流场对流换热的影响,建立精细化轴箱轴承温度模型,分析不同服役环境对轴箱轴承温度分布和温度特性的影响,并通过轴承试验台验证模型的有效性。研究结果表明:当车辆速度由220 km/h增至300 km/h时,轴承的总摩擦力矩增大11.4%;当车轮多边形阶数由16阶增加到22阶时,摩擦力矩平均增大2.8%;轴箱轴承最高温度出现在内圈与滚动体接触的区域,最低温度出现在轴上且接近环境温度;当车速由220 km/h增加到300 km/h时,轴承的最高温度上升9.2℃,各节点处温度均有一定程度增加,当车轮多边形阶数由16阶增加到22阶时,最高温度平均升高1.1%;当多边形深度幅值由10 dB增加到18 dB时,最高温度平均升高1.4%。

不同起爆条件下双钢壁LNG储罐抗爆性能分析

由于双钢壁储罐具有建造周期短、投资小等优点,在LNG储存中应用越来越广泛,但其易在外罐受到外部冲击时引发内罐的破坏。为了分析储罐在不同外爆载荷条件下的破坏行为,以双钢壁LNG储罐为研究对象,考虑内、外罐及保冷材料之间的载荷传递与相互作用,建立了外罐-保冷材料-内罐多介质的多相耦合有限元模型,并对多影响因素下储罐在外爆载荷作用下的破坏进行了分析,探究其抗爆性能。结果表明:在外爆载荷作用下,内、外罐从迎爆面中心向内凹陷直至发生破坏,最大应力均在迎爆面中心,且越靠近中心应力值越大;内、外罐材料均先达到屈服强度后发生塑性变形,随后达到失效应变值并发生破坏;与外罐相比,内罐发生破坏的时间晚42.9%,变形范围和破坏范围分别小12.3%、6.7%;储罐的抗爆性能随着储存液位的升高和罐体容积的增大而增强,随着起爆位置从罐壁中心向上、下两侧移动而提高,在罐壁中心起爆时储罐的破坏程度最大。该研究成果可为双钢壁LNG储罐的设计和储存液位的控制等方面提供理论参考依据。

基于刚柔耦合模型的某车载高炮火控诸元修正方法研究

针对车载高炮射击时车体姿态对射击精度的影响问题,提出了一种基于刚柔耦合模型修正火炮射击诸元的方法。以某车载高炮为研究对象,通过建立其刚柔耦合模型对车体姿态进行预测,火控系统将获取的射击方向上的车体姿态响应实时分解到沿车头方向和垂直于车头方向,经过纵、横倾及车向反变换后由载车不稳定坐标系转换为载车地理系下,再经滤波与解相遇问题求解得到地理系下的目标诸元,随后将地理系下的目标诸元通过纵、横倾及车向变换后得到载车不稳定系下的火炮射击诸元,从而将修正后的瞄准诸元提供给火炮。为验证修正方法的可行性与适用性,以另一型车载炮为对象进行了试验验证,试验结果表明:经诸元修正后的火炮射击精度得到明显改善,火炮射击初期高低和方位弹丸脱靶量均值分别减小了53.1%和41.3%,修正效果显著,研究可为车载高炮火控射击诸元修正提供一种新思路。

基于双向流固耦合的旋翼振动响应及噪声仿真分析

为精确预估流固耦合效应对旋翼桨叶振动响应及噪声计算的影响,本文建立了计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)模型和高精度结构有限元模型,基于弱流固耦合方法完成了旋翼单向及双向流固耦合计算,并采用基于Kirchhoff方法对FW⁃H方程进行求解,分析了旋翼近场旋转噪声。首先,基于地面模态分析试验对桨叶结构有限元模型进行高精度建模,同时完成旋翼旋转状态的CFD计算,并采用两种网格映射方式和四点插值法进行流场与结构的数据传递,完成了旋翼单向稳态及单向瞬态流固耦合分析。然后采用双向弱流固耦合方法计算结构动响应及非定常流场,分析比较单、双向流固耦合计算方法下桨叶振动响应的差异。最后,基于单、双向流固耦合计算得到桨叶表面的时变气动压强,计算旋翼旋转噪声,分析比较单、双向流固耦合计算方法的旋转噪声大小及分布特征。结果表明,文中基于高精度桨叶模型及双向流固耦合方法计算出的桨叶动响应及噪声分布符合悬停旋转噪声规律,可为未来桨叶结构设计、强度校核及噪声预估提供参考。

基于损伤模型的混凝土冻融循环过程数值模拟研究

冻融损伤是寒区混凝土主要破坏方式之一,冻融过程是混凝土材料逐渐破坏演变的过程。引入损伤理论建立了混凝土水热力损伤耦合模型,该模型可以模拟混凝土冻融过程中水的相变、孔隙水压等变化过程,通过累积损伤真实反映破坏过程。通过与相关文献中的试验数据对比,验证了模型的准确性,并研究了中心最低温度、降温速率以及初始孔隙率对混凝土试件冻融损伤的影响规律。结果表明:随着试件中心最低温度的降低、降温速率的增大和初始孔隙率的增大,混凝土的累积损伤值逐渐增大;损伤区虽然从混凝土试件四周逐渐向内发展,但在降温速率和初始孔隙率过大时,最大损伤区和裂缝却出现在棱角附近的试样内部,并向外部扩展,该结果解释了棱柱体混凝土冻融破坏后棱角最先掉落的现象。

多孔介质中单相流地应力耦合问题的二重网格混合有限元法

本文提出了多孔介质中单相流耦合地应力问题的二重网格混合有限元法.本文首先给出了多孔介质中的单相流的控制方程及地应力问题的控制方程,推导了多孔介质中的微可压缩流体的单相流耦合地应力问题的非线性控制方程.然后,为数值求解该方程本文提出了二重网格混合有限元法,将问题转化为在粗网格上求解小规模非线性问题、在细网格上求解大规模线性问题,以提高计算效率.最后,数值算例验证了方法的有效性.

可展式铁路抢修梁的技术方案研究与力学分析

为解决既有铁路梁部抢修器材存在的强度刚度低、通车速度慢、拼架时间长、储存运输不便等问题,基于可展结构的特点,提出一种可展式铁路抢修梁的技术方案和架设方法:通过不同数量中间构架的纵向拼组并调整构架的展开状态,可使抢修梁适应32 m和24 m跨度的桥梁抢修;通过小型机具的辅助,可使抢修梁实现导梁架设以加快抢修进度;利用ANSYS软件建立32 m跨度抢修梁的有限元模型,并对抢修梁进行静力学分析和模态分析;利用UM软件建立C70敞车和CRH380A高铁动车的多体动力学模型,对抢修梁进行车桥耦合振动分析。结果表明:抢修梁跨中上弦杆、梁端右倾斜腹杆和梁端销轴对抢修梁的安全性起控制作用;抢修梁一阶自振频率为5.965 Hz,对应振型为横向弯曲,说明抢修梁的横向刚度较弱;货运列车通过抢修梁时,重车编组对桥梁响应不利,空车编组对车辆响应不利;影响桥梁安全性和车辆运行安全性的指标均随车速的提高而非线性增长。经分析,可展抢修梁的力学性能满足相关规范的要求,且货运列车和高铁列车能够分别以最高60 km/h和100 km/h的车速安全通过抢修梁。