Simulation of polycrystalline aluminum tensile test with crystal plasticity finite element method

The crystal plasticity was implemented in the finite element method(FEM) software ABAQUS through the user subroutine UMAT. By means of discretizing the space at the grain level with the Voronoi diagram method, a polycrystal model was built and used in the FEM analysis. The initial orientation of each grain was generated based on the orientation distribution function(ODF). The developed model was successfully applied in simulation of polycrystalline aluminium samples deformed by the tensile tests. The theoretical strain—stress relation was in good agreement with the experimental result. The simulation results show that the grain size has significant effect on the deformation behavior. The initial plastic deformation usually occurs at grain boundaries, and multiple slip often results in an enhanced local hardening at grain boundaries.

A study on Parallel Computation Based on Finite Element Forward Modeling of 2D Magnetotelluric

Magnetotelluric sounding method based on the difference of the rock’s resistivity is an exploration method about doing research in earth’s resistivity and phase using the native electromagnetic field. The paper adopts 2D finite element method as the magnetotelluric forward method and calculates the total field by primary field (also named background field) plus secondary field. We can?get more accurate forward result through the finite element method and we can get the result effected by the dense degree of grid slightly by the total field. But the method is not effective?enough when the model is divided into relative big grid. When the frequency changes, program solves relevant equation separately. According to the feature of the algorithm, we apply MPI parallel method in the algorithm. Every process solves relevant equation. The account of frequency?that a process needs to solve in parallel computation is less than the account that the process?needs to solve in serial algorithm. We can see that the forward result is the same with the serial algorithm and proves the correctness of algorithm. We do statistics about the efficiency of the parallel algorithm. When the account of processes is from 2 to 8, the speedup is from 1.63 to 2.64. It proves the effectiveness of the parallel algorithm.

3D random Voronoi grain-based models for simulation of brittle rock damage and fabric-guided micro-fracturing

A grain-based distinct element model featuring three-dimensional （3D） Voronoi tessellations （randompoly-crystals） is proposed for simulation of crack damage development in brittle rocks. The grainboundaries in poly-crystal structure produced by Voronoi tessellations can represent flaws in intact rockand allow for numerical replication of crack damage progression through initiation and propagation ofmicro-fractures along grain boundaries. The Voronoi modelling scheme has been used widely in the pastfor brittle fracture simulation of rock materials. However the difficulty of generating 3D Voronoi modelshas limited its application to two-dimensional （2D） codes. The proposed approach is implemented inNeper, an open-source engine for generation of 3D Voronoi grains, to generate block geometry files thatcan be read directly into 3DEC. A series of Unconfined Compressive Strength （UCS） tests are simulated in3DEC to verify the proposed methodology for 3D simulation of brittle fractures and to investigate therelationship between each micro-parameter and the model＇s macro-response. The possibility of numericalreplication of the classical U-shape strength curve for anisotropic rocks is also investigated innumerical UCS tests by using complex-shaped （elongated） grains that are cemented to one another alongtheir adjoining sides. A micro-parameter calibration procedure is established for 3D Voronoi models foraccurate replication of the mechanical behaviour of isotropic and anisotropic （containing a fabric） rocks. 2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Superconvergent Gradient Recovery on Par6 Patterns

In this paper,we present a theoretical analysis for linear finite element superconvergent gradient recovery on Par6 mesh,the dual of which is centroidal Voronoi tessellations with the lowest energy per unit volume and is the congruent cell predicted by the three-dimensional Gersho's conjecture.We show that the linear finite element solution u_h and the linear interpolation u_1 have superclose gradient on Par6 meshes. Consequently,the gradient recovered from the finite element solution by using the superconvergence patch recovery method is superconvergent to▽u.A numerical example is presented to verify the theoretical result.

基于等效模型的砖石古塔有限元模型修正方法

针对砖石古塔实体有限元模型节点众多导致修正效率低下问题,提出了一种将实体模型和杆系模型相结合的有限元模型快速修正方法。基于古塔结构的测试输出信号,使用随机子空间法识别了塔的自振频率。使用整体连续式方法建立了ABAQUS有限元模型,基于实测结果,使用萤火虫算法修正了塔的弹性模量、密度。修正后的有限元模型的计算结果与实测结果对比,能够较好吻合,说明修正后的模型可靠,可以作为后续抗震性能分析的基础。

航空发动机机匣数控加工参数研究

航空发动机机匣作为发动机的主要零部件,通常选用高温合金毛坯加工而成,铣削力等评价指标将严重影响此类零件的加工效率以及加工质量。首先,通过研究机匣的加工工艺,应用DEFORM-3D软件对材料为镍基合金GH4169的机匣粗铣加工过程进行了铣削仿真分析,以铣削力为评价指标,通过仿真分析,得到不同铣削参数下铣削力的变化规律。其次,针对仿真结果进行方差分析,得出不同指标对铣削力的影响大小,根据仿真结果对参数进行拟合,建立机匣铣削加工过程中铣削力预测模型。最后,运用遗传算法进行算法寻优,得到一组最优的铣削参数,为机匣实际加工提供指导依据。

闭孔Voronoi泡沫的弹性性能分析

基于BCC点集引入不同程度的随机扰动建立了闭孔泡沫的Voronoi随机模型,并采用有限元方法对其弹性性能进行了分析,得到了模型的相对弹性模量、泊松比以及表征其分散性的变异系数。讨论了所用模型的尺度效应、随机程度对弹性性能及其分散性的影响。此外,还讨论了相对密度对弹性性能的影响以及采用板壳单元对模型进行划分所带来的误差。结果表明,在相对密度小于0.3时采用厚度均匀的板壳单元可以对模型做出有效的描述。

利用Voronoi随机模型研究多孔材料的动态特性

利用生成的Voronoi随机模型,结合有限元分析方法详细研究了多孔材料在x1-x2平面内冲击载荷作用下的动态特性。模拟结果发现,Voronoi模型并不出现像规则蜂窝模型一样的"X"和"V"形的变形。在冲击速度比较小的时候,出现几条局部变形带;在冲击速度比较大的时候,局部变形带并不明显,在冲击面端出现了"I"形的变形。同时进行了模型的敏感性、各向同性性质的研究,确定了研究模型的规模,还进行了细观参数的研究(包括冲击速度、不规则度、相对密度等)。结果表明,在给定相对密度的情况下,多孔材料在某一不规则度k值的范围内,具有较高的平台应力、密实化应变能。同时发现,应用Voronoi模型描述的多孔材料是应变率敏感材料,尽管母材是理想弹塑性材料。

局部贴敷阻尼层空间管路有限元建模及贴敷位置优化

为了降低处于服役阶段的航空发动机管路的有害振动,描述了一种在管体表面局部贴敷黏弹性阻尼层对管路进行减振的方法,主要包括阻尼层-空间管路系统动力学有限元建模及阻尼层贴敷位置优化。在建模上,基于ANSYS平台建立了满足寻优算法调用的阻尼层-空间管路参数化有限元模型。同时,整个模型引入了两种阻尼,分别是卡箍的支撑阻尼和黏弹性阻尼层的材料阻尼。在贴敷位置优化方面,创建了以阻尼层贴敷位置为设计变量、以1阶最大共振响应最小为优化目标的优化模型,并给出了采用遗传算法对该优化模型进行求解的流程。最后进行了实例研究,用搭建的贴敷阻尼层空间管路试验系统校验了所创建的阻尼层-空间管路分析模型的合理性。在此基础上,执行了阻尼层位置优化,获得了在可移动范围内使共振响应最小的阻尼层贴敷位置方案,并通过与5种随机方案的数值比较证明了优化结果的合理性。

基于响应面法与遗传算法的梁式桥有限元模型更新

为了使自主开发的智能健康监测平台产生的海量监测数据利益最大化,在平台中添加结构分析模块,扩大平台的应用范围。针对有限元模型分析的准确性与可靠性,提出一种将响应面法和遗传算法相结合的有限元模型更新方法。首先,根据设计资料建立结构理论有限元模型并确定结构更新参数;其次,采用中心复合试验设计方法获取样本点并计算结构响应;接着,基于逐步回归分析进行显著性检验并利用最小二乘法拟合得到更新参数与特征响应之间的响应面函数关系;最后,联合结构静动力响应构造目标函数,利用遗传算法对其进行迭代优化求解,并将最优解代入理论有限元模型中,从而实现结构有限元模型更新。以简支梁为例,选择以弹性模量和截面惯性矩为更新参数,以频率和位移为结构响应,结合动静载试验结果,对其进行有限元模型更新,验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明:模型更新后的有限元模型计算分析结果与实测值的相对误差大幅度降低,且计算值更加接近于实测值。基于响应面法与遗传算法的有限元模型更新方法可以为智能健康监测平台提供更加准确的有限元模型,对损伤识别和预警评估等模块提供了便利。

颗粒团聚分布的复合材料数值模型

目的提出颗粒团聚分布的数值模型参数化建模方法,以高效建立颗粒有序分布的复合材料微观构型。方法以颗粒尺寸、颗粒团聚区域的半径以及团聚区域局部体积分数和整体体积分数的比值作为表征颗粒团聚结构的基本建模控制参数,首先建立了圆形/球形区域内的Voronoi多胞元结构,其次编写基于Python语言的接口程序,根据角点坐标和几何拓扑关系将多胞元结构导入有限元软件中,并对每个胞元按团聚区域局部体积分数进行缩放,形成了圆形/球形区域的颗粒团簇,最后使用随机顺序吸附算法将团聚颗粒在代表单元内周期性随机投放,生成了颗粒团聚分布的复合材料二维/三维微观构型。结果使用不同控制参数进行数值建模测试,生成一个颗粒数目在1000以内的二维/三维颗粒团聚微观构型仅需要数分钟,验证了本文方法的有效性。使用二维模型对单轴拉伸进行数值模拟,结果表明,材料宏观塑性随着颗粒团聚程度的增大而降低。结论本文建模方法可以为复合材料结构设计提供有效的数值仿真支撑。

基于RBFNN-ISSA的特大跨径悬索桥有限元模型修正

针对大跨径悬索桥一类复杂结构的有限元模型修正问题,提出了一种基于径向基神经网络(radial basis function neural network,RBFNN)子结构代理模型与改进麻雀搜索算法(improved sparrow search algorithm,ISSA)的有限元模型修正方法。首先,基于桥梁图纸数据采用通用有限元软件建立一座大跨悬索桥的初始有限元模型,并根据拉丁超立方抽样原则生成子结构材料参数-结构响应的训练样本,通过RBF神经网络和子结构模拟方法对初始有限元模型进行解构重组和样本学习,拟合关于材料参数-结构响应的代理模型。其次,建立考虑主梁挠度和模态频率误差最小的有限元模型参数修正数学优化模型,采用Tent混沌映射及黄金正弦策略改进标准麻雀搜索算法,引入柯西分布函数和贪心保留策略对每一代麻雀种群进行扰动,以用于求解联合静、动力特征的有限元模型修正数学优化问题。最后,以杭瑞高速洞庭湖大桥为工程背景,进行了悬索桥荷载试验,利用实测桥梁响应数据验证了该方法的可行性。研究结果表明:基于RBF神经网络与子结构法的模型修正方法,可以建立拟合精度较高的悬索桥结构代理模型;基于子结构RBF神经网络与改进麻雀搜索算法修正后的有限元模型相较于整体RBF神经网络、支持向量机和Kriging模型,大幅提升了对于实际结构的模拟精度,与实测数据相比,修正前后有限元模型在两级静力加载工况下13个有效测点挠度的平均相对误差降低了25%以上,前8阶模态频率的平均相对误差由-6.83%降至-2.38%,MAC值结果表明修正后模型能够准确地反映出大桥的实际振动状态,有效改善了初始有限元模型计算失真的情况;此外,基于混合策略改进后的麻雀搜索算法对于有限元模型修正参数的寻优具有更佳的收敛效率和稳定性。

基于Voronoi切割算法的碎冰区构造及离散元分析

离散元方法广泛应用于海冰,特别是碎冰区的动力过程及其对海洋结构作用过程的数值模拟。为构造碎冰区中的冰块几何特性,基于二维Voronoi图方法对计算域进行随机切割以生成碎冰区中冰块的几何形态,并采用球体单元对每个碎冰块单元进行填充,从而确定碎冰区的初始分布场。在采用Voronoi图进行碎冰区构造时,可对冰块尺寸、几何形态和密集度等海冰参数进行设定。为确定冰块的不同几何规则度,综合采用排斥法和扰动法以定量地控制碎冰块几何形态从完全随机分布到规则分布的连续变换。为分析不同几何规则度下碎冰块的几何特性概率分布规律,对计算域内冰块的面积和边数等参数进行统计分析,从而可更合理地参数化控制初始冰场中碎冰块的几何特性。在此基础上,本文基于粘接-破碎的球体离散元方法对不同冰况下锥体结构的冰荷载进行了数值计算,讨论分析了碎冰区的海冰密集度、冰块面积和几何规则度对冰载荷的影响。

基于同一车体结构模型的不同优化算法对比研究

高速列车工程优化设计中有多种优化算法,解决实际优化问题时选择合适的算法能提高优化设计效率。以某一高速列车铝合金车体为模型,通过有限元分析计算整备状态下的车体一阶垂弯频率较低。在灵敏度分析的基础上,应用正交试验对各个变量进行主效应分析,筛选出主要变量作为优化模型的设计变量。以提高一阶垂弯频率为目的,基于近似模型分别采用可行方向法和遗传算法进行优化求解,使用可行方向法优化后的车体一阶垂弯振动频率提升2.4%,二阶菱形振动提升1.9%,车体钢结构质量增重0.15%;使用遗传算法优化后车体一阶垂弯振动频率提高了4.2%,车体的二阶菱形振动频率提高2.5%,车体钢结构质量增重1.66%。对优化结果进行对比分析,两种不同算法的优化结果侧重点有所不同,可根据不同实际需求选择相应的优化算法,从而达到优化目的。

基于Voronoi细观数值模型预测PBX的有效弹性模量

为探讨高聚物粘接炸药(PBX)细观结构对其有效弹性模量的影响,采用有限元方法分析对比了六边形颗粒、不同分布形式的圆形颗粒、基于Voronoi方法建立的不规则多边形颗粒等细观数值模型。结果表明,颗粒形貌和分布对PBX的有效模量影响显著。Voronoi细观数值模型不仅可以实现PBX材料颗粒的高填充度(>85%),也可以通过不规则多边形颗粒更好地刻画PBX的细观结构,其杨氏模量预测结果为1.41 GPa,与实验值接近;杨氏模量、体积模量、剪切模量随颗粒含量增加近似指数上升,而泊松比随颗粒含量的增加快速下降。

Finite element model updating of a tied-arch bridge using Douglas-Reid method and Rosenbrock optimization algorithm

Condition assessment of bridges has become increasingly important. In order to accurately simulate the real bridge, finite element （FE） model updating method is often applied. This paper presents the calibration of the FE model of a reinforced concrete tied-arch bridge using Douglas-Reid method in combination with Rosenbrock optimization algorithm. Based on original drawings and topographic survey, a FE model of the investigated bridge is created. Eight global modes of vibration of the bridge are identified by ambient vibration tests and the frequency domain decomposition technique. Then, eight structural parameters are selected for FE model updating procedure through sensitivity analysis. Finally, the optimal structural parameters are identified using Rosenbrock optimization algorithm. Results show that although the identified parameters lead to a perfect agreement between approximate and measured natural frequencies, they may not be the optimal variables which minimize the differences between numerical and experimental modal data. However, a satisfied agreement between them is still presented. Hence, FE model updating based on Douglas-Reid method and Rosenbrock optimization algorithm could be used as an alternative to other complex updating procedures.

Prediction of Concrete Faced Rock Fill Dams Settlements Using Genetic Programming Algorithm

In the present study a Genetic Programing model (GP) proposed for the prediction of relative crest settlement of concrete faced rock fill dams. To this end information of 30 large dams constructed in seven countries across the world is gathered with their reported settlements. The results showed that the GP model is able to estimate the dam settlement properly based on four properties, void ratio of dam’s body (e), height (H), vertical deformation modulus (Ev) and shape factor (Sc) of the dam. For verification of the model applicability, obtained results compared with other research methods such as Clements’s formula and the finite element model. The comparison showed that in all cases the GP model led to be more accurate than those of performed in literature. Also a proper compatibility between the GP model and the finite element model was perceived.

Convergent Adaptive Finite Element Method Based on Centroidal Voronoi Tessellations and Superconvergence

We present a novel adaptive finite element method(AFEM)for elliptic equations which is based upon the Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation(CVT)and superconvergent gradient recovery.The constructions of CVT and its dual Centroidal Voronoi Delaunay Triangulation(CVDT)are facilitated by a localized Lloyd iteration to produce almost equilateral two dimensional meshes.Working with finite element solutions on such high quality triangulations,superconvergent recovery methods become particularly effective so that asymptotically exact a posteriori error estimations can be obtained.Through a seamless integration of these techniques,a convergent adaptive procedure is developed.As demonstrated by the numerical examples,the new AFEM is capable of solving a variety of model problems and has great potential in practical applications.

Identification of Magnetic Bearing Stiffness and Damping Based on Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

Identifying the stiffness and damping of active magnetic bearings(AMBs)is necessary since those parameters can affect the stability and performance of the high-speed rotor AMBs system.A new identification method is proposed to identify the stiffness and damping coefficients of a rotor AMB system.This method combines the global optimization capability of the genetic algorithm(GA)and the local search ability of Nelder-Mead simplex method.The supporting parameters are obtained using the hybrid GA based on the experimental unbalance response calculated through the transfer matrix method.To verify the identified results,the experimental stiffness and damping coefficients are employed to simulate the unbalance responses for the rotor AMBs system using the finite element method.The close agreement between the simulation and experimental data indicates that the proposed identified algorithm can effectively identify the AMBs supporting parameters.

Genetic algorithms and aquifer parameter identification

In order to identify aquifer parameter,authors develops an improved combinatorial method called best chromosome clone plus younger generation chromosome prepotency genetic algorithm (BCC-YGCP-GA), based on a decimal system simple genetic algorithm (SGA). The paper takes unsteady state flows in a two dimensional, inhomogeneous, confined aquifer for a ideal model, and utilizes SGA and BCC-YGCP-GA coupled to finite element method for identifying aquifer hydraulic conductivity K 1 ,K 2 ,K 3 and storage S 1 ,S 2 ,S 3 , respectively. It is shown from the result that GSA does not reach convergence with 100 generations, whereas convergence rate of BCC-YGCD-GA is very fast. Objective function value calculated by BCC-YGCD-GA is 0 001 29 with 100 generations, and hydraulic conductivity and storage of three zones are almost equal to the "true" values of ideal model.