Quadrilateral 2D linked-interpolation finite elements for micropolar continuum

Quadrilateral finite elements for linear micropolar continuum theory are developed using linked interpolation.In order to satisfy convergence criteria,the newly presented finite elements are modified using the Petrov-Galerkin method in which different interpolation is used for the test and trial functions.The elements are tested through four numerical examples consisting of a set of patch tests,a cantilever beam in pure bending and a stress concentration problem and compared with the analytical solution and quadrilateral micropolar finite elements with standard Lagrangian interpolation.In the higher-order patch test,the performance of the first-order element is significantly improved.However,since the problems analysed are already describable with quadratic polynomials,the enhancement due to linked interpolation for higher-order elements could not be highlighted.All the presented elements also faithfully reproduce the micropolar effects in the stress concentration analysis,but the enhancement here is negligible with respect to standard Lagrangian elements,since the higher-order polynomials in this example are not needed.

On the Error Estimate of h-Convergence in Quadrilateral Elements

To provide a iheoreiical basis for h-type .finire elemenl analysis with quadrilateralelements, in the present paper, the h-convergence of quadrilateral elements is established. whose related lemmas and theorems being presented, and therefore, theerror estimate problems are investigated.

A class of nonconforming quadrilateral finite elements for incompressible flow

This paper focuses on the low-order nonconforming rectangular and quadrilateral finite elements approximation of incompressible flow.Beyond the previous research works,we propose a general strategy to construct the basis functions.Under several specific constraints,the optimal error estimates are obtained,i.e.,the first order accuracy of the velocities in H1-norm and the pressure in L2-norm,as well as the second order accuracy of the velocities in L2-norm.Besides,we clarify the differences between rectangular and quadrilateral finite element approximation.In addition,we give several examples to verify the validity of our error estimates.

C^1 conforming quadrilateral finite elements with complete secondorder derivatives on vertices and its application to Kirchhoff plates

The classical problem of the construction of C^1 conforming single-patch quadrilateral finite elements has been solved in this investigation by using the blending function interpolation method.In order to achieve the C^1 conformity on the interfaces of quadrilateral elements,complete second-order derivatives are used at the element vertices,and the information of geometrical mapping is also considered into the construction of shape functions.It is found that the shape functions and the polynomial spaces of the present elements vary with element shapes.However,the developed quadrilateral elements are at least third order for general quadrilateral shapes and fifth order for rectangular shapes.Therefore,very fast convergence can be achieved.A promising feature of the present elements is that they can be used in cooperation with those high-precision rectangular and triangular elements.Since the present elements are over conforming on element vertices,an approach for handling problems of material discontinuity is also proposed.Numerical examples of Kirchhoff plates are employed to demonstrate the computational performance of the present elements.

Some Numerical Quadrature Schemes of a Non-conforming Quadrilateral Finite Element

Numerical quadrature schemes of a non-conforming finite element method for general second order elliptic problems in two dimensional （2-D） and three dimensional （3-D） space are discussed in this paper. We present and analyze some optimal numerical quadrature schemes. One of the schemes contains only three sampling points, which greatly improves the efficiency of numerical computations. The optimal error estimates are derived by using some traditional approaches and techniques. Lastly, some numerical results are provided to verify our theoretical analysis.

FINITE ELEMENT ERROR EXPANSION FOR NONUNIFORM QUADRILATERAL MESHES

An error expansion for isoparametric bilinear finite element approximation isestablished with some kind of nonuniform quadrilateral mesh constructed in the followingway:We first decompose the considered polygonal domain into several fixed convex macro-quadrilaterals and then link up some equi-proportionate points of the opposite edges in eachmacro-quadrilateral and form a quadrilateral mesh which may not be uniform and so isuseful in the adaptive refinement.

Application of the quadrilateral area coordinate method:a new element for laminated composite plate bending problems

Recently, some new quadrilateral finite elements were successfully developed by the Quadrilateral Area Coordinate （QAC） method. Compared with those traditional models using isoparametric coordinates, these new models are less sensitive to mesh distortion. In this paper, a new displacement-based, 4-node 20-DOF （5-DOF per node） quadrilateral bending element based on the first-order shear deformation theory for analysis of arbitrary laminated composite plates is presented. Its bending part is based on the element AC-MQ4, a recent-developed high-performance Mindlin-Reissner plate element formulated by QAC method and the generalized conforming condition method; and its in-plane displacement fields are interpolated by bilinear shape functions in isoparametric coordinates. Furthermore, the hybrid post-rocessing procedure, which was firstly proposed by the authors, is employed again to improve the stress solutions, especially for the transverse shear stresses. The resulting element, denoted as AC-MQ4-LC, exhibits excellent performance in all linear static and dynamic numerical examples. It demonstrates again that the QAC method, the generalized conforming condition method, and the hybrid post-processing procedure are efficient tools for developing simple, effective and reliable finite element models.

On the Full C_(1)-Q_(k) Finite Element Spaces on Rectangles and Cuboids

We study the extensions of the Bogner-Fox-Schmit element to the whole family of Q_(k) continuously differentiable finite elements on rectangular grids,for all k≥3,in 2D and 3D.We show that the newly defined C_(1) spaces are maximal in the sense that they contain all C_(1)-Q_(k) functions of piecewise polynomials.We give examples of other extensions of C_(1)-Q_(k) elements.The result is consistent with the Strang’s conjecture(restricted to the quadrilateral grids in 2D and 3D).Some numerical results are provided on the family of C_(1) elements solving the biharmonic equation.

Uniform analysis of a stabilized hybrid finite element method for Reissner-Mindlin plates

This paper presents a low order stabilized hybrid quadrilateral finite element method for ReissnerMindlin plates based on Hellinger-Reissner variational principle,which includes variables of displacements,shear stresses and bending moments.The approach uses continuous piecewise isoparametric bilinear interpolations for the approximations of the transverse displacement and rotation.The stabilization achieved by adding a stabilization term of least-squares to the original hybrid scheme,allows independent approximations of the stresses and moments.The stress approximation adopts a piecewise independent 4-parameter mode satisfying an accuracy-enhanced condition.The approximation of moments employs a piecewise-independent 5-parameter mode.This method can be viewed as a stabilized version of the hybrid finite element scheme proposed in [Carstensen C,Xie X,Yu G,et al.A priori and a posteriori analysis for a locking-free low order quadrilateral hybrid finite element for Reissner-Mindlin plates.Comput Methods Appl Mech Engrg,2011,200:1161-1175],where the approximations of stresses and moments are required to satisfy an equilibrium criterion.A priori error analysis shows that the method is uniform with respect to the plate thickness t.Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical results.

Development of quadrilateral spline thin plate elements using the B-net method

The quadrilateral discrete Kirchhoff thin plate bending element DKQ is based on the isoparametric element Q8, however, the accuracy of the isoparametric quadrilateral elements will drop significantly due to mesh distortions. In a previous work, we constructed an 8-node quadrilateral spline element L8 using the triangular area coordinates and the B- net method, which can be insensitive to mesh distortions and possess the second order completeness in the Cartesian co- ordinates. In this paper, a thin plate spline element is devel- oped based on the spline element L8 and the refined tech- nique. Numerical examples show that the present element indeed possesses higher accuracy than the DKQ element for distorted meshes.

A cubic quadrilateral spline element with concave shapes

Basic requirement for applying isoparametric element is that the element has to be convex and no violent distortion is allowed. In this paper, a cubic quadrilateral spline element with 12 nodes has been developed using the triangular area coordinates and the B-net method, which can exactly model the cubic field for quadrilateral element with both convex and concave shapes. Neither mapping nor coordinate transformation is required and the spline element can obtain high accuracy solutions and insensitive to mesh distortions.

Supercloseness of the Divergence-Free Finite Element Solutions on Rectangular Grids

By the standard theory,the stable Qk+1,k−Qk,k+1/Qdck divergence-free element converges with the optimal order of approximation for the Stokes equations,but only order k for the velocity in H1-norm and the pressure in L2-norm.This is due to one polynomial degree less in y direction for the first component of velocity,which is a Qk+1,k polynomial of x and y.In this manuscript,we will show by supercloseness of the divergence free element that the order of convergence is truly k+1,for both velocity and pressure.For special solutions(if the interpolation is also divergence-free),a two-order supercloseness is shown to exist.Numerical tests are provided confirming the accuracy of the theory.

FINITE ELEMENT ERROR EXPANSIONS FOR THE EIGENVALUE APPROXIMATION TO THE MULTIGROUP DIFFUSION EQUATIONS

Asymptotic expansions for the finite element approximation to the eigenvalues of the mult-igroup diffusion equations on Ω(?)R^n(n=2,3)of reactor theory are given,firstly for a piecewiseuniform triangulation,then for nonuniform quadrilateral meshes,and finally for nonuniformhexahedral meshes.The effect of certain classes of numerical integrations is studied.As applicationsof the expansions,several extrapolation formulas and a posteriori error estimates are obtained.

Vibration analysis of two-dimensional structures using micropolar elements

Based on the micropolar theory(MPT),a two-dimensional(2 D)element is proposed to describe the free vibration response of structures.In the context of the MPT,a 2 D formulation is developed within the ABAQUS finite element software.The user-defined element(UEL)subroutine is used to implement a micropolar element.The micropolar effects on the vibration behavior of 2 D structures with arbitrary shapes are studied.The effect of micro-inertia becomes dominant,and by considering the micropolar effects,the frequencies decrease.Also,there is a considerable discrepancy between the predicted micropolar and classical frequencies at small scales,and this difference decreases when the side length-to-length scale ratio becomes large.

岩土体大变形分析的Cosserat-粒子有限元法

粒子有限元法(PFEM)既继承了有限元法坚实的数学基础,又具有模拟大变形、复杂边界问题的能力,在流固耦合、岩土工程领域有广泛的应用。但另一方面,岩土体在大变形过程中往往具有应变软化特性和应变局部化现象,为保持问题求解的适定性,需要在本构方程中引入正则化机制,采用Cosserat连续体理论是引入正则化机制有效方法之一。将PFEM计算方法与Cosserat连续体理论结合,发展了Cosserat-PFEM方法。与传统PFEM中使用三角形单元不同,提出的新方法将边界识别、网格划分相互独立进行,使得四边形等单元的使用成为可能,以提高数值求解的精度与克服三角形单元对应变局部化问题模拟的倾向性。算例表明,本文发展的Cosserat-PFEM方法及基于ABAQUS软件开发的程序是可靠和有效的,拓展了PFEM的应用范围,具有模拟大变形问题并保持问题适定性的能力,适用于大变形渐进破坏问题的模拟。

基于三角形网格的无量纲最小二乘有限元法及其应用

利用最小二乘有限元法计算二维流体场需要采用四边形网格,而仅采用四边形单元剖分含有角环、圆角和尖角等复杂结构的电力装备二维仿真模型时往往出现网格畸变。为此,提出了一种基于三角形网格实现最小二乘有限元的方法,即在三角形剖分网格上再处理得到四边形网格,从而实现最小二乘有限元法计算流体场。为验证所提方法的有效性,分别对方腔模型和带有角环等复杂结构的变压器单分区模型进行了数值计算,并分别与规则四边形网格下的最小二乘有限元法和Fluent计算结果进行对比。对比结果表明所提出的网格处理方法可以实现含有复杂结构电力装备的二维流体场仿真。

基于面积坐标的四边形杂交有限元法

本文针对二维线弹性问题提出了一种基于面积坐标的新型杂交应力四边形有限元法AGQ-LQ 6.该方法基于广义Hellinger-Reissner变分原理,位移逼近采用含内部位移的四节点广义协调元,应力逼近则采用九参数线性应力模式.数值算例表明,本文构造的有限元既能保持面积坐标广义协调元对网格畸变不敏感及粗网格精度较高的优点,又能有效克服泊松闭锁现象.

国外某隧洞TBM管片结构分析

近年来,TBM广泛应用于水工隧洞工程,有着对围岩扰动小、施工速度快等特点。国外某输水工程采用双护盾TBM进行施工,隧洞衬后内径4.3m,每环采用四片四边形管片,管片厚度0.25m,开挖直径5.06 m。通过采用有限元方法对各种工况下管片进行分析,最终确定了合适的管片结构型式。

四边形单元面积坐标理论

本文建立了四边形单元面积坐标的系统理论，包括：（１）给出四边形单元两个特征参数ｇ１，ｇ２的定义以及四边形退化为平行四边形（含矩形），梯形，三角形时相应的特征条件；（２）给出四边形单元面积坐标的定义及其与直角坐标和四边形等参坐标之间的变换关系；（３）给出四边形单元四个面积坐标分量之间应满足的两个恒等式并予以证明；（４）给出相关的一些重要公式。可以看出，四边形面积坐标是构造四边形单元的有效工具。它既是自然坐标，具有不变性；同时它与直角坐标之间为线性关系，易于得出单元刚度矩阵的积分显式，无需依赖于数值积分。

四边形单元面积坐标的微分和积分公式

构造四边形单元时，应用面积坐标方法有其优点。文献［１］系统地论述了四边形单元面积坐标理论，本文是文献［１］的续篇，补充论述采用四边形单元面积坐标时的微分和积分公式。采用三角形单元面积坐标时的微分和积分公式是其特殊情况。应用面积坐标方法时，易于得出四边形单元刚度矩阵的积分显式，无需依赖于数值积分，这个优点是采用四边形等参坐标时所不具备的。