Finite Set-Model Predictive Current Control of Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter for RES （Renewable Energy Systems） Applications

This paper focuses on a combination of three-phase VSI （voltage source inverter） with a predictive current control to provide an optimized system for three-phase inverters that control the load current. A FS-MPC （finite set-model predictive control） strategy for a three-phase VSI for RES （renewable energy systems） applications is implemented. The renewable energy systems model is used in this paper to investigate the system performance when power is supplied to resistive-inductive load. With three different cases, the evaluation of the system is done. Firstly, the robustness of control strategy under variable DC-Link is done in terms of the THD （total harmonic distortion）. Secondly, with one prediction step, the system performance is tested using different sampling time, and lastly, the dynamic response of the system with step change in the amplitude of the reference is investigated. The simulations and result analyses are carried out using Matlab/Simulink to test the effectiveness and robustness of FS-MPC for two-level VSI with AC filter for resistive-inductive load supplied by a renewable energy system.

Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Systems——An Overview

Permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have been widely employed in the industry. Finite-control-set model predictive control(FCS-MPC), as an advanced control scheme, has been developed and applied to improve the performance and efficiency of the holistic PMSM drive systems. Based on the three elements of model predictive control, this paper provides an overview of the superiority of the FCS-MPC control scheme and its shortcomings in current applications. The problems of parameter mismatch, computational burden, and unfixed switching frequency are summarized. Moreover, other performance improvement schemes, such as the multi-vector application strategy, delay compensation scheme, and weight factor adjustment, are reviewed. Finally, future trends in this field is discussed, and several promising research topics are highlighted.

Finite Control Set Model Predictive Current Control of a Five-Phase PMSM with Virtual Voltage Vectors and Adaptive Control Set

This paper presents an improved finite control set model predictive current control(FCS-MPCC)of a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM).First,to avoid including all the 32 voltage vectors provided by a two-level five-phase inverter into the control set,virtual voltage vectors are adopted.As the third current harmonics can be much reduced by virtual voltage vectors automatically,the harmonic items in the cost function of conventional FCS-MPCC are not considered.Furthermore,an adaptive control set is proposed based on voltage prediction.Best control set with proper voltage vector amplitude corresponding to different rotor speed can be achieved by this method.Consequently,current ripples can be largely reduced and the system performs much better.At last,simulations are established to verify the steady and transient performance of the proposed FCS-MPCC,and experiments based on a 2 kW five-phase motor are carried out.The results have validated the performance improvement of the proposed control strategy.

Research on AC Electronic Load with Energy Recovery Based on Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control

Nowadays,AC electronic loads with energy recovery are widely used in the testing of uninterruptible power supplies and power supply equipment.To tackle the problems of control difficulty,strategy complexity,and poor dynamic performance of AC electronic load with energy recovery of the conventional control strategy,a control strategy of AC electronic load with energy recovery based on Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control(FCSMPC)is developed.To further reduce the computation burden of the FCS-MPC,a simplified FCS-MPC with transforming the predicted variables and using sector to select expected state is proposed.Through simplified model and equivalent approximation analysis,the transfer function of the system is obtained,and the stability and robustness of the system are analyzed.The performance of the simplified FCS-MPC is compared with space vector control(SVPWM)and conventional FCS-MPC.The results show that the FCS-MPC method performs better dynamic response and this advantage is more obvious when simulating high power loads.The simplified FCS-MPC shows similar control performance to conventional FCS-MPC at less computation burden.The control performance of the system also shows better simulation results.

Research on Mixed Logic Dynamic Modeling and Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control of Multi-Inverter Parallel System

Parallel connection of multiple inverters is an important means to solve the expansion,reserve and protection of distributed power generation,such as photovoltaics.In view of the shortcomings of traditional droop control methods such as weak anti-interference ability,low tracking accuracy of inverter output voltage and serious circulation phenomenon,a finite control set model predictive control(FCS-MPC)strategy of microgrid multiinverter parallel system based on Mixed Logical Dynamical(MLD)modeling is proposed.Firstly,the MLD modeling method is introduced logical variables,combining discrete events and continuous events to form an overall differential equation,which makes the modeling more accurate.Then a predictive controller is designed based on the model,and constraints are added to the objective function,which can not only solve the real-time changes of the control system by online optimization,but also effectively obtain a higher tracking accuracy of the inverter output voltage and lower total harmonic distortion rate(Total Harmonics Distortion,THD);and suppress the circulating current between the inverters,to obtain a good dynamic response.Finally,the simulation is carried out onMATLAB/Simulink to verify the correctness of the model and the rationality of the proposed strategy.This paper aims to provide guidance for the design and optimal control of multi-inverter parallel systems.

Model Predictive Control-Based Direct Torque Control for Matrix Converter-Fed Induction Motor with Reduced Torque Ripple

To reduce the torque ripple in motors resulting from the use of conventional direct torque control(DTC),a model predictive control(MPC)-based DTC strategy for a direct matrix converter-fed induction motor is proposed in this paper.Two new look-up tables are proposed,these are derived on the basis of the control of the electromagnetic torque and stator flux using all the feasible voltage vectors and their associated switching states.Finite control set model predictive control(FCS-MPC)has then been adopted to select the optimal switching state that minimizes the cost function related to the electromagnetic torque.Finally,the experimental results are shown to verify the reduced torque ripple performance of the proposed MPC-based DTC method.

Model predictive control of three-level active front-end converter with low switching frequency

In medium voltage-high power(MV-HP)applications,the high switching frequency of power converter will result in unnecessary energy losses,which directly affect efficiency.To resolve this issue,a novel finite control set-model predictive control(FCS-MPC)with low switching frequency for three-level neutral point clamped-active front-end converters(NPC-AFEs)is proposed.With this approach,the prediction model of three-level NPC-AFEs is established inα-βreference frame,and the control objective of low average switching frequency is introduced into a cost function.The proposed method not only achieves the desired control performance under low switching frequency,but also performs the efficient operation for the three-level NPC-AFEs.The simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of proposed control scheme.

Finite control set model predictive control of three-port converter for interfacing a PV-battery energy storage system to a three-phase stand-alone AC system

This paper proposes a multiport bidirectional non-isolated converter topology that provides advantages in terms of simultaneous multiple operations,single-stage conversion,high power density and reduced power losses due to the lower number of switches.The proposed multiport converter uses a centralized non-linear controller known as a finite control set model predictive controller to manage the flow of power between different ports.It deals with the parallel operation of photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems for stand-alone alternating current(AC)systems.The converter connects the lower voltage battery to the photovoltaic port using a bidirectional buck/boost converter and the photovoltaic port is linked to the stand-alone AC load through a three-phase full-bridge inverter.Each leg of the three-phase converter will act as a bidirectional direct current(DC)/DC converter as well as an inverter simultaneously.Only six switches manage the power transfer between all the connected ports of photovoltaic-battery energy storage system linked to the stand-alone AC load.The proposed multiport converter is mathematically modelled and controlled by a finite control set model predictive controller.The system is validated in simulation(1-kW rating)and experimental environment(200-W rating).The hardware prototype is developed in the laboratory and the controller is implemented on the field-programmable gate array board.Two independent case studies are carried out to validate the efficacy of the system.The first scenario is for a change in solar irradiance,while the second scenario is for a change in the output load.

Active disturbance rejection control FCS-MPC strategy based on ESO of PMSM system

In order to improve the control performance of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)system,an active disturbance rejection finite control set-mode predictive control(FCS-MPC)strategy based on improved extended state observer(ESO)is proposed in this paper.ESO is designed based on the arc-hyperbolic sine function to obtain estimations of rotating speed and back electromotive force(EMF)term of motor speed.Active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)is applied as speed controller.The proposed FCS-MPC strategy aims to reduce the electromagnetic torque ripple and the complexity and calculation of the algorithm.Compared with the FCS-MPC strategy based on PI controller,the constructed control strategy can guarantee the reliable and stable operation of PMSM system,and has good speed tracking,anti-interference ability and robustness.

无人驾驶车辆路径跟踪混合控制策略研究

针对单一控制算法无法同时满足无人驾驶车辆对路径跟踪精度和控制器求解速度需求的问题,提出一种基于线性二次型调节器(LQR)和模型预测控制(MPC)的混合控制策略。该策略在低速工况下使用线性二次型调节器、在高速工况下使用模型预测控制算法进行路径跟踪控制,在此基础上设计基于有限状态机(FSM)的控制算法切换机制,并通过遗传算法(GA)对控制参数进行优化,基于CarSim和MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台对混合控制策略进行仿真验证,并进一步完成了实车试验。试验结果表明,所设计的混合控制策略能够在提高跟踪精度的基础上缩短计算时间,与单一控制算法相比,平均横向误差和平均航向误差分别减小了26.3%和39.6%,平均计算时间缩短了10.9%。

外包钢壳混凝土拱形桥塔节段拼装几何姿态预测研究

赣州市集结大桥主桥为外包钢壳混凝土拱形桥塔斜拉桥,为确保钢混组合拱形桥塔节段拼装精准合龙,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立拱形桥塔空间几何模型,分析外包钢壳和混凝土湿重对桥塔变形的影响,采用切线初始位移法对桥塔施工阶段位移进行预测,通过求解制造线形对桥塔待拼装节段进行预偏修正,并与实测数据进行对比。结果表明:外包钢壳能显著减小桥塔变形;施工阶段桥塔变形主要由混凝土湿重引起,临时支撑能有效减小混凝土浇筑产生的横向变形。基于切线初始位移法的几何姿态预测方法能有效预测桥塔拼装全过程几何姿态,实测成桥阶段桥塔各节段最大偏位为6 mm,小于施工控制要求,具有较高的实施精度,可保证成桥状态下桥塔几何姿态的准确性。

电容电压平衡的四电平有源中性点钳位逆变器的改进模型预测电流控制

多电平有源中点钳位(ANPC)逆变器具有功率器件电压应力小、电流谐波低和器件损耗可调控等优点,被广泛应用于工业驱动中。针对四电平ANPC(4L-ANPC)逆变器的控制与调制研究相对较少,现有的调制方案实现复杂,中点电压(NPV)控制难度较大。因此,该文针对三相4L-ANPC逆变器,提出一种改进的有限集模型预测电流控制(FS-MPCC)算法,避免了复杂的调制过程。首先,使用仅包含电流误差的代价函数对位于六边形顶点的6个大电压矢量进行寻优;其次,对参与第一步寻优的大矢量划分扇区,使用包含电流误差和电容电压误差的代价函数对最优大矢量所在扇区的所有电压矢量滚动寻优,得到目标电压矢量并作用于逆变器;最后,仿真和实验结果表明,与传统的FS-MPCC相比,所提方法在降低系统计算负担的同时,还具有较好的控制性能和电容电压平衡能力。

基于FCS-MPC的分布式HESS功率协调控制

针对孤岛直流微电网中分布式混合储能系统(HESS)协调运行问题,提出一种基于有限控制集模型预测控制(FCSMPC)的功率协调控制策略。该策略采用小波包变换来分解分布式HESS的功率需求,由于分解后信号的特点和分布式HESS中蓄电池初始状态的不同,于是对分解后最低频信号基于蓄电池荷电状态(SOC)设计自适应因数来进一步再分解。由于DC/DC变换器开关状态组合数量较少,使得多步FCS-MPC的滚动优化计算量较少,于是采用FCS-MPC取代双闭环PI控制,提高系统动态响应。搭建含有分布式HESS的孤岛直流微电网模型,并做了3种方案的仿真对比,验证该策略有效平缓了直流母线波动并实现蓄电池SOC一致。该策略有利于提高电网运行的稳定性,并延长蓄电池使用寿命。

基于模糊PID型代价函数的永磁同步电机模型预测电流控制

针对永磁同步电机控制中有限集模型预测电流控制在参数失配时稳定性能和动态性能有所下降的问题,提出一种基于模糊PID型代价函数的模型预测电流控制方法。该控制方法设计了一种包含比例、积分和微分项的代价函数,将传统的电流误差作为比例项实现转速的跟踪,电流误差的积分作为积分项用来消除预测误差,预测电流的差值作为微分项减小转速纹波。同时使用加入了滤波器的模糊控制对PID参数进行动态调整。该控制方法可以在参数失配的情况下降低转速振荡,提高动态响应能力,降低参数失配对控制器性能的影响,同时保留在参数匹配时的各项性能。仿真与实验结果表明,该方法较传统有限集模型预测电流控制在参数失配时有更快的响应速度、更小的转速振荡和更好的负载突变响应。

基于多参数辨识的永磁同步电机磁链预测控制

在永磁同步电机(PMSM)有限集模型预测磁链控制策略(FCS-MPFC)中,磁链给定值计算、实际值获取以及未来值预测都要用到电机参数。受工况和温度的影响,电机参数具有变化性,参数偏差将影响实际预测控制性能。为提高控制系统鲁棒性,需要对电机d、q轴电感和永磁磁链进行在线辨识。鉴于此,该文提出了永磁同步电机多参数辨识方案,并基于此设计了FCS-MPFC策略。首先,依据电机稳态方程,设计了广义比例积分观测器(GPIO)对PMSM的q轴电感和永磁磁链进行辨识。其次,利用FCS-MPFC中电机定子电流变化较大的特征,提出了基于电流变化量的d轴电感辨识方法,克服了多参数辨识的欠秩问题。再次,依据FCS-MPFC策略下逆变器电压输出特性,优化设计了电流采样,有效避免了逆变器死区对辨识效果的影响。最后,针对磁链预测过程,设计了基于GPIO的磁链预测模型,进一步提高磁链预测的参数鲁棒性。该文的分析、设计以及性能提升均得到实验验证。

基于拓展控制集的PMSM有限控制集无模型预测电流控制策略

永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)具有高效率、高功率密度与高可靠性等优势,已在工业界得到广泛应用。文中针对PMSM驱动系统,提出基于拓展控制集的有限控制集无模型预测电流控制(finite-control-set model-free predictive current control,FCS-MFPCC)。首先,分析PMSM系统的数学模型并详述有限控制集模型预测电流控制(finite-control-set model predictive current control,FCS-MPCC)的原理。其次,介绍基于线性扩张状态观测器(linear extended state observer,LESO)的传统FCS-MFPCC。针对传统FCS-MFPCC稳态性能不足的问题,采用基于离散空间矢量调制(discrete space vector modulation,DSVM)的控制集拓展方案,将控制集的电压矢量数目拓展至25。然后,为解决拓展控制集带来的高计算量问题,提出一种快速寻优策略,阐述该策略的实施原理与流程。最后,基于一台500 W PMSM实验平台,对比传统FCS-MFPCC与所提FCS-MFPCC的控制性能,验证所提算法的有效性与优越性。实验结果表明,所提算法能够有效提升系统稳态性能,且定子绕组电流总谐波畸变率由10.07%降低至6.48%。

基于刚柔耦合模型的某车载高炮火控诸元修正方法研究

针对车载高炮射击时车体姿态对射击精度的影响问题,提出了一种基于刚柔耦合模型修正火炮射击诸元的方法。以某车载高炮为研究对象,通过建立其刚柔耦合模型对车体姿态进行预测,火控系统将获取的射击方向上的车体姿态响应实时分解到沿车头方向和垂直于车头方向,经过纵、横倾及车向反变换后由载车不稳定坐标系转换为载车地理系下,再经滤波与解相遇问题求解得到地理系下的目标诸元,随后将地理系下的目标诸元通过纵、横倾及车向变换后得到载车不稳定系下的火炮射击诸元,从而将修正后的瞄准诸元提供给火炮。为验证修正方法的可行性与适用性,以另一型车载炮为对象进行了试验验证,试验结果表明:经诸元修正后的火炮射击精度得到明显改善,火炮射击初期高低和方位弹丸脱靶量均值分别减小了53.1%和41.3%,修正效果显著,研究可为车载高炮火控射击诸元修正提供一种新思路。

基于双层级联模型预测电流控制的零序环流抑制策略

逆变器并联系统在运行过程中,由于功率分配不均、控制参数失配等因素导致两逆变器开关状态不同步,使得环路中产生零序环流。为此,提出一种基于双层级联模型预测电流控制的零序环流抑制策略,通过将零序环流加入综合目标函数,选取最优开关状态组合实现零序环流的抑制。同时,通过改变目标函数结构、利用双层级联的方式进行开关状态组合选取,在消除权重系数对控制系统影响的同时减轻计算负担。最后,通过仿真和试验验证了所提控制策略的有效性。

基于改进有限状态多步模型预测控制的MMC-APF技术研究

基于模块化多电平变换器的有源电力滤波器MMC-APF(modular multilevel converter-based active power filter)是用来处理非线性负载对电网带来的污染问题最有效的拓扑之一。提出了一种基于改进有限状态多步模型预测控制的MMC-APF,仅通过基波同步旋转坐标系实现对所有谐波的控制。首先,使用PI加重复控制的电流环复合控制得到上、下桥臂预导通子模块数,在此基础上进行多步交流侧电流模型预测,最终得到桥臂投入子模块数的最优解,缩小了寻找目标函数最优电平的搜索范围,无需设计权重因子,每相桥臂子模块的总投入数为[N-1,N+1],交流侧输出电平数最大可达2N+1,提高了MMC-APF交流侧电流补偿精度,并改善了系统动态性能。最后,搭建了MMC-APF平台,仿真和实验结果与理论分析一致,进一步验证了所提研究方案的可行性和有效性。

High performance decoupled active and reactive power control for three-phase grid-tied inverters using model predictive control

Finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is employed in this paper to control the operation of a three-phase grid-connected string inverter based on a direct PQ control scheme. The main objective is to achieve high-performance decoupled control of the active and reactive powers injected to the grid from distributed energy resources (DER).The FCS-MPC scheme instantaneously searches for and applies the optimum inverter switching state that can achieve certain goals, such as minimum deviation between reference and actual power;so that both power components (P and Q) are well controlled to their reference values.In addition, an effective method to attenuate undesired cross coupling between the P and Q control loops, which occurs only during transient operation, is investigated. The proposed method is based on the variation of the weight factors of the terms of the FCS-MPC cost function, so a higher weight factor is assigned to the cost function term that is exposed to greater disturbance. Empirical formulae of optimum weight factors as functions of the reference active and reactive power signals are proposed and mathematically derived. The investigated FCS-MPC control scheme is incorporated with the LVRT function to support the grid voltage in fulfilling and accomplishing the up-to-date grid codes. The LVRT algorithm is based on a modification of the references of active and reactive powers as functions of the instantaneous grid voltage such that suitable values of P and Q are injected to the grid during voltage sag.The performance of the elaborated FCS-MPC PQ scheme is studied under various operating scenarios, including steady-state and transient conditions. Results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed scheme with regard to the achievement of high-performance operation and quick response of grid-tied inverters during normal and fault modes.