Research on AC Electronic Load with Energy Recovery Based on Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control

Nowadays,AC electronic loads with energy recovery are widely used in the testing of uninterruptible power supplies and power supply equipment.To tackle the problems of control difficulty,strategy complexity,and poor dynamic performance of AC electronic load with energy recovery of the conventional control strategy,a control strategy of AC electronic load with energy recovery based on Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control(FCSMPC)is developed.To further reduce the computation burden of the FCS-MPC,a simplified FCS-MPC with transforming the predicted variables and using sector to select expected state is proposed.Through simplified model and equivalent approximation analysis,the transfer function of the system is obtained,and the stability and robustness of the system are analyzed.The performance of the simplified FCS-MPC is compared with space vector control(SVPWM)and conventional FCS-MPC.The results show that the FCS-MPC method performs better dynamic response and this advantage is more obvious when simulating high power loads.The simplified FCS-MPC shows similar control performance to conventional FCS-MPC at less computation burden.The control performance of the system also shows better simulation results.

Research on Mixed Logic Dynamic Modeling and Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control of Multi-Inverter Parallel System

Parallel connection of multiple inverters is an important means to solve the expansion,reserve and protection of distributed power generation,such as photovoltaics.In view of the shortcomings of traditional droop control methods such as weak anti-interference ability,low tracking accuracy of inverter output voltage and serious circulation phenomenon,a finite control set model predictive control(FCS-MPC)strategy of microgrid multiinverter parallel system based on Mixed Logical Dynamical(MLD)modeling is proposed.Firstly,the MLD modeling method is introduced logical variables,combining discrete events and continuous events to form an overall differential equation,which makes the modeling more accurate.Then a predictive controller is designed based on the model,and constraints are added to the objective function,which can not only solve the real-time changes of the control system by online optimization,but also effectively obtain a higher tracking accuracy of the inverter output voltage and lower total harmonic distortion rate(Total Harmonics Distortion,THD);and suppress the circulating current between the inverters,to obtain a good dynamic response.Finally,the simulation is carried out onMATLAB/Simulink to verify the correctness of the model and the rationality of the proposed strategy.This paper aims to provide guidance for the design and optimal control of multi-inverter parallel systems.

Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Systems——An Overview

Permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have been widely employed in the industry. Finite-control-set model predictive control(FCS-MPC), as an advanced control scheme, has been developed and applied to improve the performance and efficiency of the holistic PMSM drive systems. Based on the three elements of model predictive control, this paper provides an overview of the superiority of the FCS-MPC control scheme and its shortcomings in current applications. The problems of parameter mismatch, computational burden, and unfixed switching frequency are summarized. Moreover, other performance improvement schemes, such as the multi-vector application strategy, delay compensation scheme, and weight factor adjustment, are reviewed. Finally, future trends in this field is discussed, and several promising research topics are highlighted.

Finite Control Set Model Predictive Current Control of a Five-Phase PMSM with Virtual Voltage Vectors and Adaptive Control Set

This paper presents an improved finite control set model predictive current control(FCS-MPCC)of a five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM).First,to avoid including all the 32 voltage vectors provided by a two-level five-phase inverter into the control set,virtual voltage vectors are adopted.As the third current harmonics can be much reduced by virtual voltage vectors automatically,the harmonic items in the cost function of conventional FCS-MPCC are not considered.Furthermore,an adaptive control set is proposed based on voltage prediction.Best control set with proper voltage vector amplitude corresponding to different rotor speed can be achieved by this method.Consequently,current ripples can be largely reduced and the system performs much better.At last,simulations are established to verify the steady and transient performance of the proposed FCS-MPCC,and experiments based on a 2 kW five-phase motor are carried out.The results have validated the performance improvement of the proposed control strategy.

Model Predictive Control-Based Direct Torque Control for Matrix Converter-Fed Induction Motor with Reduced Torque Ripple

To reduce the torque ripple in motors resulting from the use of conventional direct torque control(DTC),a model predictive control(MPC)-based DTC strategy for a direct matrix converter-fed induction motor is proposed in this paper.Two new look-up tables are proposed,these are derived on the basis of the control of the electromagnetic torque and stator flux using all the feasible voltage vectors and their associated switching states.Finite control set model predictive control(FCS-MPC)has then been adopted to select the optimal switching state that minimizes the cost function related to the electromagnetic torque.Finally,the experimental results are shown to verify the reduced torque ripple performance of the proposed MPC-based DTC method.

无人驾驶车辆路径跟踪混合控制策略研究

针对单一控制算法无法同时满足无人驾驶车辆对路径跟踪精度和控制器求解速度需求的问题,提出一种基于线性二次型调节器(LQR)和模型预测控制(MPC)的混合控制策略。该策略在低速工况下使用线性二次型调节器、在高速工况下使用模型预测控制算法进行路径跟踪控制,在此基础上设计基于有限状态机(FSM)的控制算法切换机制,并通过遗传算法(GA)对控制参数进行优化,基于CarSim和MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台对混合控制策略进行仿真验证,并进一步完成了实车试验。试验结果表明,所设计的混合控制策略能够在提高跟踪精度的基础上缩短计算时间,与单一控制算法相比,平均横向误差和平均航向误差分别减小了26.3%和39.6%,平均计算时间缩短了10.9%。

外包钢壳混凝土拱形桥塔节段拼装几何姿态预测研究

赣州市集结大桥主桥为外包钢壳混凝土拱形桥塔斜拉桥,为确保钢混组合拱形桥塔节段拼装精准合龙,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立拱形桥塔空间几何模型,分析外包钢壳和混凝土湿重对桥塔变形的影响,采用切线初始位移法对桥塔施工阶段位移进行预测,通过求解制造线形对桥塔待拼装节段进行预偏修正,并与实测数据进行对比。结果表明:外包钢壳能显著减小桥塔变形;施工阶段桥塔变形主要由混凝土湿重引起,临时支撑能有效减小混凝土浇筑产生的横向变形。基于切线初始位移法的几何姿态预测方法能有效预测桥塔拼装全过程几何姿态,实测成桥阶段桥塔各节段最大偏位为6 mm,小于施工控制要求,具有较高的实施精度,可保证成桥状态下桥塔几何姿态的准确性。

基于FCS-MPC的分布式HESS功率协调控制

针对孤岛直流微电网中分布式混合储能系统(HESS)协调运行问题,提出一种基于有限控制集模型预测控制(FCSMPC)的功率协调控制策略。该策略采用小波包变换来分解分布式HESS的功率需求,由于分解后信号的特点和分布式HESS中蓄电池初始状态的不同,于是对分解后最低频信号基于蓄电池荷电状态(SOC)设计自适应因数来进一步再分解。由于DC/DC变换器开关状态组合数量较少,使得多步FCS-MPC的滚动优化计算量较少,于是采用FCS-MPC取代双闭环PI控制,提高系统动态响应。搭建含有分布式HESS的孤岛直流微电网模型,并做了3种方案的仿真对比,验证该策略有效平缓了直流母线波动并实现蓄电池SOC一致。该策略有利于提高电网运行的稳定性,并延长蓄电池使用寿命。

基于简化空间矢量调制的三电平整流器级联式无差拍控制策略

为解决有限控制集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)运行过程中计算强度过大与计算时间过长的问题,提出了一种基于简化空间矢量调制的三电平整流器级联式无差拍控制策略,通过构建特定扇区选出最佳电压矢量。为建立精确的系统模型,深入分析三电平整流器,构建二维离散系统数学模型,基于无差拍控制理念设计了一套功率内环与电压外环的双环控制方案,并建立Luenberger观测器对电力扰动及负载变化进行精确估测与补偿,使无功功率与有功功率快速解耦和响应。结合上述系统架构,分别建立常规、单预测、简化预测FCS-MPC模型,并证明其等效性。分析不同约束变量对电压矢量决策的影响,并构建特定选择扇区设计简化的空间矢量调制策略。实验结果表明,所提控制控制策略能够在多重约束条件下改进性能,并且在保持控制效果不变的前提下,大幅度减少计算量。

神朔铁路万吨重载列车涌动有限集预测控制研究

神朔铁路是我国重要的重载货运线路,重载列车运行环境恶劣,操纵困难,列车涌动严重影响运行平稳性和行车安全。针对神朔铁路行车过程中的涌动问题,文章分析了重载列车涌动发生时的信号特征,搭建了基于弹性阻尼车钩的列车多质点动力学模型,通过仿真分析了重载列车无涌动和有涌动时的运行状态,针对重载列车的涌动问题提出了一种有限集预测控制方法,仿真验证了该预测控制能够减小列车涌动时的速度波动和最大车钩力。

永磁同步电机预测控制参数畸变影响分析

当永磁同步电机(PMSM)预测控制系统在高温等复杂环境中工作时,受电机齿槽效应、边端效应、饱和效应以及外部干扰的影响,电机参数如定子电阻、d轴电感、q轴电感、永磁体磁链常会发生畸变。针对上述问题,建立了PMSM的有限控制集模型预测电流控制(FCS-MPCC)模型,对不同参数畸变的影响进行分析,计算给出由畸变导致的d、q轴预测电流偏差。对参数畸变范围进行分区设置并依次施加在模型中。在不同畸变程度下,实验分析不同参数畸变对PMSM动、静态性能的影响,包括d、q轴电流、预测电流偏差、电磁转矩以及转速。

基于无参数PMSM的自适应有限集模型预测控制

当永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)采用有限集模型预测控制(finite control set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)时,性能易受PMSM参数变化的影响,PMSM与控制器之间的参数不匹配会严重影响预测控制的性能。因此,该文提出一种基于无参数PMSM的自适应FCS-MPC控制策略,能够准确地实现预测控制而无需了解电机参数。针对PMSM多参数在线辨识时存在的欠秩问题,利用FCS-MPC固有的开关纹波能产生持续激励的特性,采用递推最小二乘法(recursive least squares,RLS)实现多参数辨识。此外,针对采用FCS-MPC时的逆变器死区时间补偿问题,提出一种考虑死区时间矢量的合成电压矢量输出方案,进一步提高预测控制性能。最后,通过实验验证了所提方法的有效性,实验结果表明,与基于模型的常规FCS-MPC解决方案相比,所提方法能减小预测误差,并且对参数变化和模型不确定性具有非常强的鲁棒性。

表贴式永磁同步电机多步模型预测电流控制简化策略

针对表贴式永磁同步电机多步模型预测电流控制过程中运算量大的问题,提出两种多步预测控制简化策略。建立表贴式永磁同步电机传统多步模型预测电流控制(C-MPCC)模型,基于电压矢量选择规律,提出一种简化策略(S-MPCC)。以n步预测(n≥2)为例,C-MPCC需进行(7^((n+1))-7)/6次电流预测计算和(7^(n)-1)次数据比较运算,而S-MPCC仅需(2 n-1)×7次电流预测计算和(25 n-26)次数据比较运算,减小运算量。基于S-MPCC,进一步提出增加判断环节的简化策略(S-MPCC-II)。仿真结果表明,简化策略S-MPCC和S-MPCC-II控制下,电机系统运行良好,运行效果与C-MPCC基本相当。采用STM32H743单片机平台进行3种策略的单控制周期执行时间实验验证。实验结果表明,S-MPCC的预测次数和成本函数寻优过程中的数据比较次数仅为C-MPCC的0.32%和0.59%,单控制周期执行时间减小至0.30%。S-MPCC-II控制策略可在保持与S-MPCC相同控制效果的条件下,进一步减小运算量,提高系统实时性能。

基于虚拟矢量优选的FCS-MPC稳定性策略研究

为了提高并网逆变器有限集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)方法中的稳定性问题,研究了基于Lyaponov准则的并网逆变器有限集模型预测控制大信号稳定性方法。首先建立数学模型,分析参数变化对预测误差的影响和大扰动导致的稳定性问题,接着提出采用虚拟电压矢量的Lyapunov控制器的有限集模型预测控制稳定性策略。利用Lyapunov控制器并结合考虑稳定性约束的目标函数增强系统抗扰动能力,虚拟电压矢量满足Lyapunov稳定性需求,同时改善控制性能,并设计有限集选取策略减少计算量。仿真和实验验证了所提方法在扰动及参数变化情况下控制性能和抗干扰能力。

永磁同步电机多步模型预测电流控制成本函数优化计算研究

针对表贴式永磁同步电机(PMSM)多步模型预测电流控制过程中运算量大的问题,提出一种成本函数优化计算的多步模型预测控制。成本函数优化计算采用事件触发机制,通过设置成本函数阈值动态精简多步预测的运算量。仿真结果表明:成本函数优化计算的多步模型预测电流控制性能良好,与传统方法完全等价,控制效果相当。基于STM32H743单片机平台,优化方法和传统方法单控制周期执行时间。试验结果表明:对于多步预测,优化算法可减少单控制周期执行时间,两步预测减小至77.71%,三步预测减小至53.95%,四步预测减小至39.76%,五步预测减少至33.48%,在控制性能与传统方法相当的条件下,提高系统实时性能。

五相永磁同步电机的分数阶滑模模型预测转矩控制

为了提高五相永磁同步电机控制系统的性能,本文提出了适用于五相永磁同步电机谐波子空间的目标函数构造方法。采用有限集模型预测转矩控制策略,并基于分数阶滑模变结构理论提出了不确定非线性的分数阶速度控制器。仿真结果表明:该控制方法具有减小电机转矩、磁链脉动的效果,同时也提高了空子系统跟随精度;减小了速度超调和响应时间,提高系统稳定性。采用基于分数阶滑模控制的五相永磁同步电机的有限集模型预测转矩控制优化策略具有较强的负载鲁棒性,有良好的动态性能和静态性能,优化的控制系统提高了电机的输出性能和可靠性。

基于备选矢量优化的永磁同步电机系统快速预测位置控制

针对永磁同步电机系统位置预测控制的传统价值函数中位置、转速、电流权重系数难以调整,且存在遍历法下控制电压矢量选择计算效率低的问题,提出一种基于备选矢量优化的有限控制集快速预测位置控制策略。首先预测带有电流、转速和位置信息的参考电压矢量,之后转化价值函数到电压量纲以省去权重系数,并将最大电流、转速限制项统一到电压量纲来实现对电流和转速的限制;之后通过求取参考电压矢量的位置进行备选矢量的优化选择,将备选电压矢量个数由8个缩减到3个,减少计算次数。最后,通过实验研究证明所提出的控制策略具有较好的动态响应速度和运动控制精度,且无需权重系数调整、计算次数节省约45%。

基于双矢量模型预测功率控制的Vienna整流器设计

传统有限集模型预测功率控制对Vienna整流器在控制周期中只输出单个作用矢量,功率波动大,输入电流谐波畸变率高,为此提出一种应用于Vienna整流器的双矢量有限集模型预测功率控制策略。该策略在控制周期中引入第二矢量与最优矢量共同作用,通过分配最优矢量和第二矢量的作用时间提高对功率的跟踪精度。建立仿真模型并设计Vienna整流器实验平台,仿真和实验结果表明,与传统的有限集模型预测控制相比,所提控制策略能够有效地减小参考功率和预测功率之间的误差,降低Vienna整流器的功率波动和输入电流的总谐波畸变率。

永磁同步电机新型有限集模型预测速度控制

为了保证传统有限集模型预测速度控制中速度采样频率和控制周期一致,使用预测-校正方法进行反馈速度的测量,并结合卡尔曼滤波器进行负载观测,根据控制周期合理安排速度和负载观测的时序。针对传统有限集模型预测速度控制的稳态误差和较大转矩脉动问题,提出一种比例-积分-微分型代价函数,其中积分项用于消除稳态误差,微分项用于抑制转矩脉动。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的新型有限集模型预测速度控制方法和传统有限集模型预测速度控制方法相比,在稳态时具有更小的稳态误差和转矩脉动,相电流总谐波失真(THD)从65.35%减小到了21.54%;和传统有限集模型预测电流控制方法相比,在起动、加减速和负载突变时的响应速度均加快了0.2~0.5 s,具有更快的动态响应。